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PE > PE unit 1 Anatomy & physiology > Flashcards

PE unit 1 Anatomy & physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What type of posture does a neutral spine give?

A

Good posture

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2
Q

What is ossification?

A

cells that supply calcium to developing bones

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3
Q

What are osteoblasts stimulated through?

A

exercise

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4
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate?

A

The end of every long bone

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5
Q

What is weight bearing?

A

bones will support the weight of your tissue mass

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6
Q

What does reducing friction help with?

A

The skeleton makes up many different joints in the body and its synovial fluid

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7
Q

What is a joint?

A

A place where two or more bones meet

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8
Q

What is two or more bones meeting also known as?

A

Articulation

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9
Q

What joint doesn’t move?

A

fixed joint

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10
Q

what is an example of a fixed joint?

A

Plates in the cranium

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11
Q

What do slightly moveable joints allow?

A

Slight movement

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12
Q

What is an example of a slightly moveable joint?

A

vertebrae

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13
Q

What is the most moveable joint?

A

synovial joint

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14
Q

What is the synovial joint vital to?

A

Sporting actions

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15
Q

What is an example of a synovial joint?

A

The knee joint

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16
Q

what is the most common type of joint in the body?

A

Synovial joint

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17
Q

What does cartilage prevent?

A

rubbing of joints

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18
Q

What do tendons connect?

A

muscles to bones

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19
Q

What does synovial fluid lubricate?

A

The joints allowing free movement

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20
Q

What do ligaments link?

A

Bones to bones

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21
Q

What do ball and socket joints allow?

A

movement in all directions

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22
Q

What is an example of a ball and socket joint movement?

A

Shoulders and hips in a tennis serve

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23
Q

What shape bone end do condyloid joints have?

A

oval shape bone end which fits into a similar shape

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24
Q

What do condyloid joints allow?

A

small movement in all directions

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25
Q

Where do gliding joints occur?

A

between the surfaces of two flat bones that are held together by ligaments

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26
Q

What are a few example of a gliding joint?

A

Bones in your wrist and ankles as well as the spine

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27
Q

What joints are saddle joints like?

A

Condyloid joints

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28
Q

What shape are the surfaces of saddle joints?

A

concave and convex

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29
Q

What is an example of a saddle joint?

A

bones at the base of the thumb

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30
Q

Where is the anterior part of the knee?

A

front of knee

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31
Q

Where is the posterior part of the knee?

A

back of knee

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32
Q

Where is the medial part of the knee?

A

centre of knee

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33
Q

where is the lateral part of the knee?

A

sides of the knee

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34
Q

Where is the proximal part of the knee?

A

close to (the source)

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35
Q

Where is the distal part of the knee?

A

away from (the source)

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36
Q

Where is the superior part of the knee?

A

above the knee?

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37
Q

Where is the inferior part of the knee?

A

below the knee

38
Q

What is Flexion?

A

decrease in angle at a joint

39
Q

What is extension movement?

A

Increase in angle (up to 180 degrees)

40
Q

What is rotation movement?

A

Movement around an axis

41
Q

What is circumduction movement?

A

conical movement

42
Q

What is adduction movement?

A

towards the midline

43
Q

What is abduction movement?

A

away from the midline

44
Q

What is hyper-extension movement?

A

over 180 degrees

45
Q

What is a flexion sporting example?

A

Tackling in rugby

46
Q

what is an extension sporting example?

A

elbow movement when throwing in shot put

47
Q

What is a rotation sporting example?

A

golf swing-hips and shoulder movement

48
Q

What is a circumduction sporting example?

A

serving in tennis

49
Q

What is an adduction sporting example?

A

swimming breaststroke

50
Q

What is an abduction sporting example?

A

backhand in tennis

51
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

backwards bending and contraction of hand or foot

52
Q

What is an example of a dorsiflexion?

A

basketball free throw

53
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

pointing of the toe

54
Q

what is an example of plantar flexion?

A

ballet dancers on tip toes

55
Q

what is an agonist?

A

the contracting muscle responsible for causing movement

56
Q

what is an antagonist?

A

the relaxing and lengthening muscle which allows the movement

57
Q

what is a fixator

A

muscles stabilise the joints stopping any unwanted movement at the origin

58
Q

what is a synergist?

A

muscles that support the agonists

59
Q

what is the agonist in elbow flexion?

A

bicep

60
Q

what is the antagonist in elbow flexion?

A

tricep

61
Q

what is the agonist in elbow extension?

A

tricep

62
Q

what is the antagonist in elbow extension?

A

bicep

63
Q

what is the agonist in horizontal movement?

A

pectorals

64
Q

What is the antagonist in horizontal movement?

A

the back

65
Q

what do fixator muscles stabilise?

A

joints stopping any unwanted movement at the joint

66
Q

what are the 4 types of muscular contraction?

A

isometric, isotonic, concentric, eccentric

67
Q

what is isometric contraction?

A

when the muscle contracts without lengthening or shortening

68
Q

what does isometric mean?

A

no movement

69
Q

what is an isometric example?

A

a scrum in rugby

70
Q

what is eccentric contraction?

A

when the muscle lengthens under tension

71
Q

what do working muscles produce?

A

heat

72
Q

What does pliable muscles mean?

A

less likely to suffer strains

73
Q

what does muscle hypertrophy mean?

A

increased size of muscle because of overload

74
Q

what does increased tendon strength mean?

A

connective tissue surrounding

75
Q

what is lactate build up?

A

uncomfortable sensation in muscles

76
Q

what is a micro tear?

A

resistance training involving weights will place the muscle under stress

77
Q

what is DOMS?

A

delayed onset muscular system

78
Q

what are the factors affecting the muscular system?

A

age, cramp

79
Q

how does age affect the muscular system?

A

reduce strength and power

80
Q

how does cramp affect the muscular system?

A

involuntary contraction of muscles can be prompted by exercise

81
Q

When do isotonic contractions occur?

A

When there’s movement of the body

82
Q

What causes the isotonic contractions?

A

The ends of the muscles move closer together

83
Q

Where are cardiac muscles found?

A

In the heart wall

84
Q

What do cardiac muscles depend on?

A

oxygen

85
Q

What do cardiac muscles allow?

A

blood flow through the heart

86
Q

where are smooth muscles found?

A

internal organs, digestive tract, blood vessels and lungs

87
Q

what can smooth muscles work without?

A

oxygen

88
Q

what do smooth muscles help aid and distribute?

A

aid- digestion
distribute - blood

89
Q

where are skeletal muscles found?

A

around the body

90
Q
A

PE (1 decks)

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