Pe term 2 test

Question 1

Name the four main joints ?

Answer 1

Joint- the place where two bones meet

Fibrous joint- fused, immovable joint. Eg cranium

Cartilage joint- limited movement. Vertebral column

Synovial- maximum movement, held together by ligaments

Question 2

Name two joint fluids

Answer 2

Synovial fluid- acts as a lubricant and cushion

Hyaline cartilage- covering of the bones smooth shiny cartilage

Question 3

Name the two contraction

Answer 3

Isometric contractions- muscle contracts but no movement. Length muscle same

Isotonic contractions- muscle contracts producing enough force to move object

Question 4

Name two types of isotonic contractions

Answer 4

1) concentric contraction - muscle shortens and maintains its tension
2) eccentric contraction- muscle lengthens as contracts

Question 5

Agonist

Answer 5

Prime mover
Muscle that produces most force
Contracts and shortens

The muscle in “agony”

Question 6

Antagonist

Answer 6

Extends or lengthens

The muscle that relaxes

Question 7

stabilisers

Answer 7

Surrounding muscles that assist agonist

Question 8

How does the skeletal system help us ?

Answer 8

• production of blood cells
• protection of internal organs
• storage of minerals
• movement provides muscle with structure
• supports so body doesn’t collapse

Question 9

What are bones made up of ?

Answer 9

Outer layer> strong, dense and tough
Inside layer> spongy bone, slightly flexible
Middle layer> jelly like bone marrow, calcium

Question 10

Name the joint actions

Answer 10

Flex ion 
Extension 
Abduction 
Adduction 
Inversion 
Eversion 
Rotation 
Circumduction 
Pronation 
Supernation
Dorsiflexion 
Plantarflexion

Question 11

Abduction?

Adduction?

Answer 11

Moving away from the Midline

Moving towards Midline

Question 12

Inversion ?

Eversion?

Answer 12

Rotation of the foot sole turning inwards

Sole turning outwards

Question 13

Slow twitch

Answer 13

Efficient for using oxygen to generate the body’s fluid

Work slower

Question 14

Fast twitch

Answer 14

Do not use oxygen
Short bursts of speed and strength

Fatigue easily

Question 15

Respiratory system

Answer 15

The process by which the body takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

Gas exchange
Transport gases
Works with circulatory system

Question 16

Explain the process of the respiratory system

Answer 16

Nose nostril 
Pharynx 
Trachea 
Bronchi 
Bronchioles
Lungs 
Alveoli

Question 17

Inspiration ?

Expiration ?

Answer 17

Air rushes into lungs, diaphragm contracts, flattens internal and external muscles, lifts ribs upwards and outwards

Breathing out, ex leaves u, diaphragm relaxes, ribs return to normal position

Question 18

Circulatory system

Answer 18

• distributes oxygen and nutrients and collects waste
• nourishes every cell in body
• comprises the heart, arteries, blood and veins

Question 19

Bloods main function

Answer 19

Regulate body temperature

Transportation of oxygen

Protection of the body

Question 20

Four main blood types

Answer 20

Plasma: 90% water, contains proteins nutrients hormones that dissolve into plasma

Red blood cells: carry oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout body

White blood cells: protection against disease

Platelets: prevent blood loss and responsible for clotting

Question 21

Atria?
Ventricles ?

(Heart)

Answer 21

Atria: upper thin walled chamber, receives blood from heart

Ventricles: lower thick walled chamber, blood from heart to body

Question 22

How does the heart work?

Answer 22

Muscles contract 
Pulmonary artery 
Carbon dioxide to lungs 
Pulmonary veins 
Aorta 
Arteries and capillaries

Question 23

Arteries ?

Answer 23

Carry blood AWAY from the heart

Thick strong elastic walls

Question 24

Capillaries

Answer 24

Smallest blood vessel

Exchanges oxygen and nutrients to waste

Question 25

Veins

Answer 25

Carey’s low oxygen back to right atrium

Question 26

Two types of blood flows

Answer 26

Pulmonary circulation: heart lungs heart

Systemic circulation: heart body tissue heart

Question 27

What is blood pressure?

Answer 27

Force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

Question 28

What affects blood pressure ?

Answer 28

Cardiac output
Blood pressure
Volume of blood circulation

Blood volume (water) 
Resistance to blood flow 
Venous return

Question 29

What is systolic pressure and diastolic pressure?

Answer 29

Systolic pressure: pressure recorded when blood pumped through arteries

Diastolic pressure: lowest pressure recorded when heart relaxed and filling

Question 30

Cardio respiratory endurance

Answer 30

Ability to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide and waste during sustained exercise

Question 31

Muscular strength

Answer 31

Ability to produce force against resistance measured by how much you can lift

Question 32

Muscular endurance

Answer 32

Ability to exert force and continue for some time

Question 33

Flexibility

Answer 33

Ability to bend and stretch

Execute full movement of the joint

Question 34

Body composition

Answer 34

Percentage of bone muscle and fat in ones body

Question 35

Skills: 
Muscular power 
Speed 
Agility 
Coordination 
Balance 
Reaction time

Answer 35

Muscular power: ability to supply force as quickly as possible
Speed: pace at which task is performed
Agility: change pace and direction quickly and efficiently
Coordination: combine all skills to execute skills skilfully
Balance: state of symmetry result in equal distinction of weight
Reaction time: delay between a stimulus

Question 36

Aerobic

Anaerobic

Answer 36

Aerobic: uses oxygen

Anaerobic: supply if energy working the muscles from stored carbohydrates

Question 37

FITT

Answer 37

Frequency: how often something is done
Intensity: how hard you are working, measured by MHR percentage. Aim 65-85 %
Time: how long or how much
Type: mode of exercise ( aerobic, anaerobic, flexibility, strength)

Question 38

Physical responses to training ?

Answer 38

1) Heart rate
2) Ventilation rate
3) Stroke volume- blood pumped in one contraction
4) Cardiac output- rate of blood pumped in a period of time (CO=SVXHR)
5) Lactate levels- acid muscles from insufficient oxygen