Pe term 2 test Flashcards
Name the four main joints ?
Joint- the place where two bones meet
Fibrous joint- fused, immovable joint. Eg cranium
Cartilage joint- limited movement. Vertebral column
Synovial- maximum movement, held together by ligaments
Name two joint fluids
Synovial fluid- acts as a lubricant and cushion
Hyaline cartilage- covering of the bones smooth shiny cartilage
Name the two contraction
Isometric contractions- muscle contracts but no movement. Length muscle same
Isotonic contractions- muscle contracts producing enough force to move object
Name two types of isotonic contractions
1) concentric contraction - muscle shortens and maintains its tension
2) eccentric contraction- muscle lengthens as contracts
Agonist
Prime mover
Muscle that produces most force
Contracts and shortens
The muscle in “agony”
Antagonist
Extends or lengthens
The muscle that relaxes
stabilisers
Surrounding muscles that assist agonist
How does the skeletal system help us ?
- production of blood cells
- protection of internal organs
- storage of minerals
- movement provides muscle with structure
- supports so body doesn’t collapse
What are bones made up of ?
Outer layer> strong, dense and tough
Inside layer> spongy bone, slightly flexible
Middle layer> jelly like bone marrow, calcium
Name the joint actions
Flex ion Extension Abduction Adduction Inversion Eversion Rotation Circumduction Pronation Supernation Dorsiflexion Plantarflexion
Abduction?
Adduction?
Moving away from the Midline
Moving towards Midline
Inversion ?
Eversion?
Rotation of the foot sole turning inwards
Sole turning outwards
Slow twitch
Efficient for using oxygen to generate the body’s fluid
Work slower
Fast twitch
Do not use oxygen
Short bursts of speed and strength
Fatigue easily
Respiratory system
The process by which the body takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
Gas exchange
Transport gases
Works with circulatory system
Explain the process of the respiratory system
Nose nostril Pharynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Lungs Alveoli
Inspiration ?
Expiration ?
Air rushes into lungs, diaphragm contracts, flattens internal and external muscles, lifts ribs upwards and outwards
Breathing out, ex leaves u, diaphragm relaxes, ribs return to normal position
Circulatory system
- distributes oxygen and nutrients and collects waste
- nourishes every cell in body
- comprises the heart, arteries, blood and veins
Bloods main function
Regulate body temperature
Transportation of oxygen
Protection of the body
Four main blood types
Plasma: 90% water, contains proteins nutrients hormones that dissolve into plasma
Red blood cells: carry oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout body
White blood cells: protection against disease
Platelets: prevent blood loss and responsible for clotting
Atria?
Ventricles ?
(Heart)
Atria: upper thin walled chamber, receives blood from heart
Ventricles: lower thick walled chamber, blood from heart to body
How does the heart work?
Muscles contract Pulmonary artery Carbon dioxide to lungs Pulmonary veins Aorta Arteries and capillaries
Arteries ?
Carry blood AWAY from the heart
Thick strong elastic walls
Capillaries
Smallest blood vessel
Exchanges oxygen and nutrients to waste
Veins
Carey’s low oxygen back to right atrium
Two types of blood flows
Pulmonary circulation: heart lungs heart
Systemic circulation: heart body tissue heart
What is blood pressure?
Force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels
What affects blood pressure ?
Cardiac output
Blood pressure
Volume of blood circulation
Blood volume (water) Resistance to blood flow Venous return
What is systolic pressure and diastolic pressure?
Systolic pressure: pressure recorded when blood pumped through arteries
Diastolic pressure: lowest pressure recorded when heart relaxed and filling
Cardio respiratory endurance
Ability to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide and waste during sustained exercise
Muscular strength
Ability to produce force against resistance measured by how much you can lift
Muscular endurance
Ability to exert force and continue for some time
Flexibility
Ability to bend and stretch
Execute full movement of the joint
Body composition
Percentage of bone muscle and fat in ones body
Skills: Muscular power Speed Agility Coordination Balance Reaction time
Muscular power: ability to supply force as quickly as possible
Speed: pace at which task is performed
Agility: change pace and direction quickly and efficiently
Coordination: combine all skills to execute skills skilfully
Balance: state of symmetry result in equal distinction of weight
Reaction time: delay between a stimulus
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Aerobic: uses oxygen
Anaerobic: supply if energy working the muscles from stored carbohydrates
FITT
Frequency: how often something is done
Intensity: how hard you are working, measured by MHR percentage. Aim 65-85 %
Time: how long or how much
Type: mode of exercise ( aerobic, anaerobic, flexibility, strength)
Physical responses to training ?
1) Heart rate
2) Ventilation rate
3) Stroke volume- blood pumped in one contraction
4) Cardiac output- rate of blood pumped in a period of time (CO=SVXHR)
5) Lactate levels- acid muscles from insufficient oxygen
