Pe Part 1

Question 1

Name all the new bones in the body for that I need to know a level

Answer 1

Cocys
Sacrum
Talus
Calcaneus

Question 2

Give me 4 example of flat bones and the function of a flat bone

Answer 2

Structure

Sternum
Pelvis
Cranium
Ribs

Function

Protect organs

Question 3

Give me 5 example of long bones and the function of a long bone

Answer 3

Example

Radius
Phalanges
Femur
Humerus
Tibia

Function

Support weight of the body
Acts as a lever for movement
Sites for blood cell prduction

Question 4

Give me an example of irregular bone and the function of a irregular bone

Answer 4

Example

Vertebrae

Function

To protect the spinal cord

Question 5

Give me 2 example of short bones and the function of a short bone

Answer 5

Example

Carsals
Tarsals

Function

To bear hold weight well

Question 6

Give me a example of sesamoid bones and the function of a sesamoid bone

Answer 6

Example

Patella

Function

Ease the joints movement
Resist compression

Question 7

What’s the structure and function of a ligament

Answer 7

Structure

A tough band of slightly connective tissue

Function

Connect bone to bone
(little black book—ligament bone bone)

Stabilises joints during movement

Question 8

What’s the structure and function of a synovial fluid

Answer 8

Structure

Lubricating liquid within the joint cavity

Function

Reduce friction
Provide nutrition and lubrication to the articulating cartilage

Question 9

What’s the structure and function of a articular cartilage

Answer 9

Structure

Smooth tissue covering the surface of the articulating bones

Function

Absorbs shock
Allows friction free movement

Question 10

What’s the structure and function of a joint capsule

Answer 10

Structure

A (fibrous) sac with an inner synovial membrane

Function

Encloses and strengthens the joint secreting the synovial fluid

Question 11

What’s the structure and function of a bursa

Answer 11

Structure

A closed fluid- filled sac found where tendons rub over bones

Function

Reduces friction between tendons and bones

Question 12

Name all the extra muscles a level or students need to know

Answer 12

Anterior deltoid
Medial deltoids
Posterior deltoids
Pectoral is major
Teres major
Teres minor
Rectus abdominals
External obliques
Platinums dorsi
Trapezius
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus minimum
Rectus fomoris
Triceps femoris
Bicep branchii
Triceps branchii
Wrist flexors
Wrist extensors
Soleus
Tibialis anterior
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor Magnus
Illiopsoas

Question 13

What is flexion and extension

Answer 13

F- joint angle decreases and the limb(usually) moves foward

E- joint angle increases and the limb(usually) moves backwards

Question 14

What’s abduction and addiction

Answer 14

Abduction - limb moves away form midline

Adduction - limb moves towards form midline

Question 15

What’s horizontal flexion and horizontal extension

Answer 15

Hf- limb parallel to the ground moves forward

He- limb parallel to the ground moves backwards

Question 16

What’s medial rotation and lateral rotation

Answer 16

Medial- limb turns about its longitudinal axis towards the midline of the body

Lateral - limb turns about its longitudinal axis away the midline of the body

Question 17

What is Circumduciton

Answer 17

Limb moves to describe a cone.draws circle

Question 18

What dorsi flexion and plantar flexion

Answer 18

Dorsi flexion- toes lifted up towards shin

Plantar flexion- toes pointed down towards ground

Question 19

Antagonist muscles pairs!!!
Name all muscle pairs at the shoulder joint

Answer 19

Anterior deltoids and posterior deltoid

Medial deltoid and latissimus dorsi

Pectoralis major and teres minor

Question 20

Name all muscle pairs at the elbow joint

Answer 20

Biceps brachii and triceps branchii

Question 21

Name all muscle pairs at the wrist joint

Answer 21

Wrist flexors and wrist extensors

Question 22

Name all muscle pairs at the hip joint

Answer 22

Iliopsoas and gluteus maximus

Gluteus minimus + midius and adductor longus + brevis + mangus

Question 23

Name all muscle pairs at the knee joint

Answer 23

(Hamstring group)

Biceps femoris + semi-membranosus + semi-tendinosus

and the (quadriceps group)

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis

Question 24

Name all muscle pairs at the ankle joint

Answer 24

Tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius + soleus

Question 25

What’s an agonist

Answer 25

It’s a prime mover and the muscle responsible for creating movement at a joint

Question 26

What’s an antagonist

Answer 26

A muscle that opposes the agonist providing a resistance for a coordinated movement

Question 27

What’s a fixator

Answer 27

A muscle that stabilises one part of the body while another causes movement

Question 28

What’s isotonic muscle contration

Answer 28

When a muscle changes length during contraction

Question 29

How can isotonic contraction occur

Answer 29

In 2 ways it can occur

Concentric muscle contraction and eccentric muscle contraction

Question 30

What concentric contraction

Answer 30

When the muscles shorten producing tension.This produces the force to pull 2 bones closer together causing joint moment
e.g upward phase of a bicep curl the biceps brachii contrentrically contract to lift weight to the shoulder

Question 31

What’s eccentric muscle contraction

Answer 31

When the muscle lengthens to produce tension.This resists forces such as gravity to control the joint movement.

E.g the downwards phase of a bicep curl the biceps brachii eccentrically contract to lower the weight under control

Question 32

What is isometric contraction

Answer 32

When the muscle contracts but doesn’t change length
E.g biceps brachii holding a free weight in the hand still.the muscle will create tension as it pulls on the tendon attachment but no movement is created