Pe Part 1 Flashcards
Name all the new bones in the body for that I need to know a level
Cocys
Sacrum
Talus
Calcaneus
Give me 4 example of flat bones and the function of a flat bone
Structure
Sternum
Pelvis
Cranium
Ribs
Function
Protect organs
Give me 5 example of long bones and the function of a long bone
Example
Radius
Phalanges
Femur
Humerus
Tibia
Function
Support weight of the body
Acts as a lever for movement
Sites for blood cell prduction
Give me an example of irregular bone and the function of a irregular bone
Example
Vertebrae
Function
To protect the spinal cord
Give me 2 example of short bones and the function of a short bone
Example
Carsals
Tarsals
Function
To bear hold weight well
Give me a example of sesamoid bones and the function of a sesamoid bone
Example
Patella
Function
Ease the joints movement
Resist compression
What’s the structure and function of a ligament
Structure
A tough band of slightly connective tissue
Function
Connect bone to bone
(little black book—ligament bone bone)
Stabilises joints during movement
What’s the structure and function of a synovial fluid
Structure
Lubricating liquid within the joint cavity
Function
Reduce friction
Provide nutrition and lubrication to the articulating cartilage
What’s the structure and function of a articular cartilage
Structure
Smooth tissue covering the surface of the articulating bones
Function
Absorbs shock
Allows friction free movement
What’s the structure and function of a joint capsule
Structure
A (fibrous) sac with an inner synovial membrane
Function
Encloses and strengthens the joint secreting the synovial fluid
What’s the structure and function of a bursa
Structure
A closed fluid- filled sac found where tendons rub over bones
Function
Reduces friction between tendons and bones
Name all the extra muscles a level or students need to know
Anterior deltoid
Medial deltoids
Posterior deltoids
Pectoral is major
Teres major
Teres minor
Rectus abdominals
External obliques
Platinums dorsi
Trapezius
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus minimum
Rectus fomoris
Triceps femoris
Bicep branchii
Triceps branchii
Wrist flexors
Wrist extensors
Soleus
Tibialis anterior
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor Magnus
Illiopsoas
What is flexion and extension
F- joint angle decreases and the limb(usually) moves foward
E- joint angle increases and the limb(usually) moves backwards
What’s abduction and addiction
Abduction - limb moves away form midline
Adduction - limb moves towards form midline
What’s horizontal flexion and horizontal extension
Hf- limb parallel to the ground moves forward
He- limb parallel to the ground moves backwards
What’s medial rotation and lateral rotation
Medial- limb turns about its longitudinal axis towards the midline of the body
Lateral - limb turns about its longitudinal axis away the midline of the body
What is Circumduciton
Limb moves to describe a cone.draws circle
What dorsi flexion and plantar flexion
Dorsi flexion- toes lifted up towards shin
Plantar flexion- toes pointed down towards ground
Antagonist muscles pairs!!!
Name all muscle pairs at the shoulder joint
Anterior deltoids and posterior deltoid
Medial deltoid and latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major and teres minor
Name all muscle pairs at the elbow joint
Biceps brachii and triceps branchii
Name all muscle pairs at the wrist joint
Wrist flexors and wrist extensors
Name all muscle pairs at the hip joint
Iliopsoas and gluteus maximus
Gluteus minimus + midius and adductor longus + brevis + mangus
Name all muscle pairs at the knee joint
(Hamstring group)
Biceps femoris + semi-membranosus + semi-tendinosus
and the (quadriceps group)
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
Name all muscle pairs at the ankle joint
Tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius + soleus
What’s an agonist
It’s a prime mover and the muscle responsible for creating movement at a joint
What’s an antagonist
A muscle that opposes the agonist providing a resistance for a coordinated movement
What’s a fixator
A muscle that stabilises one part of the body while another causes movement
What’s isotonic muscle contration
When a muscle changes length during contraction
How can isotonic contraction occur
In 2 ways it can occur
Concentric muscle contraction and eccentric muscle contraction
What concentric contraction
When the muscles shorten producing tension.This produces the force to pull 2 bones closer together causing joint moment
e.g upward phase of a bicep curl the biceps brachii contrentrically contract to lift weight to the shoulder
What’s eccentric muscle contraction
When the muscle lengthens to produce tension.This resists forces such as gravity to control the joint movement.
E.g the downwards phase of a bicep curl the biceps brachii eccentrically contract to lower the weight under control
What is isometric contraction
When the muscle contracts but doesn’t change length
E.g biceps brachii holding a free weight in the hand still.the muscle will create tension as it pulls on the tendon attachment but no movement is created
