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PE > Pe Paper 1 > Flashcards

Pe Paper 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

The widening of the internal diameter of a blood vessel
The arteries dilate during exercise so that more blood is delivered to active areas.

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2
Q

What is the equation for aerobic exercise?

A

Glucose + oxygen = energy + water + carbon dioxide

Exercise done for a long duration using oxygen for example team games like football
Or a marathon runner or an endurance cyclist.

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3
Q

What is anaerobic exercise?

A

Glucose -> lactic acid + energy

This is exercise done in a short period of time at maximum intensity and working without oxygen for example a 100m sprinter, weightlifting

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4
Q

Where are the pectorals and stermocliedomastoid located?

A

They are paired muscles located in the side of the neck and the chest

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5
Q

What’s the function of the pectorals and the stermocleidomastoid during inspiration while exercising?

A

To assist in raising the sternum when breathing in to help lift the ribs up and out even further to allow more oxygen in.

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6
Q

What 5 things happens in expiration (breathing out)?

A
  1. Diaphragm relaxes and returns to dome shape
  2. Intercostal muscles relax
  3. Ribs are lowered
  4. Chest cavity gets smaller
  5. Air pressure increases
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7
Q

What 5 things happen during inspiration?

A
  1. The diaphragm contracts and moves down
  2. Intercostal muscles contract
  3. Ribs raise up and outwards
  4. Chest cavity becomes larger
  5. Air pressure decreases
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8
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

The narrowing of the internal diameter of a blood vessel
The arteries constrict during exercise so less blood is delivered to inactive areas

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9
Q

What do the abdominals do when you expire?

A

Th abdominals pull the rib cage down more quickly forcing out air quickly when breathing out.

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10
Q

How do bones aid movement?

A

They provide a place for the muscles to attach to so when the muscles contract they pull the bones to cause movement.

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11
Q

What is the function of an irregular bone and give examples of irregular bones.

A

Function: to provide shape and protection
Example: pelvis, vertebrae

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12
Q

Describe plantar flexion.

A

Is the movement of the foot downwards when you point your toes. Also known as a second class lever

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13
Q

Describe Dorsi flexion

A

The upwards motion of the foot.
The toes are flexed upwards towards the knee

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14
Q

Describe antagonistic muscle pairs.

A

Where one muscle of the pair contracts and the other muscle relaxes

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15
Q

Describe circumduction

A

Where the limb moves in a circle

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16
Q

Describe rotation

A

When the bone at a joint moves around its own axis 360°

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17
Q

Describe adduction

A

The movement of a limb towards the midline of the body

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18
Q

Describe abduction.

A

The movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

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19
Q

Describe extension

A

Where the angle at a joint increases

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20
Q

What are the different movement types at joints? (8)

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
  3. Abduction
  4. Addiction
  5. Rotation
  6. Plantar flexion
  7. Doris flexion
  8. Cicumduction
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21
Q

What movements are possible at a ball and socket joint?

A

Flexion
Extension
Rotation
Abduction
Adduction

22
Q

Where do ball and socket joints occur?

A

hip and shoulder

23
Q

What are the movements of hinge joints?

A

Flexion and extension

24
Q

Where is a hinge joint located?

A

Knee, ankle and elbow

25
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

A freely moveable joint

26
Q

What is a joint?

A

A place where two or more bones meet and where movement occurs

27
Q

Function of flat bones and give an example of a flat bone

A

Protect vital organs
Example cranium and rib cage

28
Q

Function of short bones and an example

A

To provide support and stability with little movement
Example- carpals and tarsals

29
Q

Function of long bones and an example.

A

Movement to generate strength and speed
Example, humerus and femur

30
Q

What are the 4 types of bones?

A
  1. Long bones
  2. Short bones
    3.flat bones
  3. Irregular bones
31
Q

What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?

A
  1. Blood cell production
  2. Support
  3. Protection
    4.movement
  4. Shape
  5. Storage of minerals
32
Q

What is an isometric muscle contraction?

A

Where the muscles length stays the same
No movement as the muscles are working together to keep the joint stationary

33
Q

Give two examples where isometric muscle contractions take place.

A

A plank
Handstand

34
Q

What is an isotonic muscle contraction?

A

Where the muscle length changes.

35
Q

What is a concentric isotonic muscle contraction?

A

When the muscle length shortens

36
Q

What is an eccentric isotonic muscle contraction?

A

When the muscle length lengthens.

37
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The amount of air inspired and expired with each normal breath

38
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

The amount of air that can be forced out after tidal volume.

39
Q

What is inspiration reserve volume?

A

The amount of air that can be forced in after tidal volume.

40
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

The maximum amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled and exhaled.

41
Q

What is residual volume?

A

The amount of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration.

42
Q

Describe the systemic circuit.

A
  1. Left atrium
  2. Left ventricle
  3. Aorta
  4. Working muscles(drop off oxygen)
  5. Vena cava (deoxygenated blood)
  6. Right atrium
43
Q

Describe the pulmonary circuit.

A
  1. Right atrium
  2. Right ventricle
  3. Pulmonary artery
  4. Lungs ( diffusion, oxygenated)
  5. Pulmonary vein
  6. Left atrium
44
Q

What is EPOC?

A

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
Occurs after anaerobic exercise

45
Q

What is EPOC caused by?

A

anaerobic exercise that produces lactic acid

46
Q

What happens at a state of EPOC?

A

Excess oxygen consumption so increase in breathing rate
Remove lactic acid

47
Q

How are alveoli adapted for its function?

A

They are very thin- only one cell thick
They are moist
Have a large surface area
They are covered in capillaries

48
Q

Where does gaseous exchange happen in the lungs?

A

In the alveoli

49
Q

What is the process called in which gaseous exchange happens?

A

Diffusion

50
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Gases move from an area of a high concentration to an area of a low concentration

51
Q

What does it mean by health?

A

A state of complete mental, physical and social well-being and the absence of disease

PE (1 decks)

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