Pe Paper 1 Flashcards
What is vasodilation?
The widening of the internal diameter of a blood vessel
The arteries dilate during exercise so that more blood is delivered to active areas.
What is the equation for aerobic exercise?
Glucose + oxygen = energy + water + carbon dioxide
Exercise done for a long duration using oxygen for example team games like football
Or a marathon runner or an endurance cyclist.
What is anaerobic exercise?
Glucose -> lactic acid + energy
This is exercise done in a short period of time at maximum intensity and working without oxygen for example a 100m sprinter, weightlifting
Where are the pectorals and stermocliedomastoid located?
They are paired muscles located in the side of the neck and the chest
What’s the function of the pectorals and the stermocleidomastoid during inspiration while exercising?
To assist in raising the sternum when breathing in to help lift the ribs up and out even further to allow more oxygen in.
What 5 things happens in expiration (breathing out)?
- Diaphragm relaxes and returns to dome shape
- Intercostal muscles relax
- Ribs are lowered
- Chest cavity gets smaller
- Air pressure increases
What 5 things happen during inspiration?
- The diaphragm contracts and moves down
- Intercostal muscles contract
- Ribs raise up and outwards
- Chest cavity becomes larger
- Air pressure decreases
What is vasoconstriction?
The narrowing of the internal diameter of a blood vessel
The arteries constrict during exercise so less blood is delivered to inactive areas
What do the abdominals do when you expire?
Th abdominals pull the rib cage down more quickly forcing out air quickly when breathing out.
How do bones aid movement?
They provide a place for the muscles to attach to so when the muscles contract they pull the bones to cause movement.
What is the function of an irregular bone and give examples of irregular bones.
Function: to provide shape and protection
Example: pelvis, vertebrae
Describe plantar flexion.
Is the movement of the foot downwards when you point your toes. Also known as a second class lever
Describe Dorsi flexion
The upwards motion of the foot.
The toes are flexed upwards towards the knee
Describe antagonistic muscle pairs.
Where one muscle of the pair contracts and the other muscle relaxes
Describe circumduction
Where the limb moves in a circle
Describe rotation
When the bone at a joint moves around its own axis 360°
Describe adduction
The movement of a limb towards the midline of the body
Describe abduction.
The movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
Describe extension
Where the angle at a joint increases
What are the different movement types at joints? (8)
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Addiction
- Rotation
- Plantar flexion
- Doris flexion
- Cicumduction
What movements are possible at a ball and socket joint?
Flexion
Extension
Rotation
Abduction
Adduction
Where do ball and socket joints occur?
hip and shoulder
What are the movements of hinge joints?
Flexion and extension
Where is a hinge joint located?
Knee, ankle and elbow
