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PE Paper 1 Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Define agonist

A

The muscle that is the primary instigator of a joint movement

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2
Q

Define antagonist

A

The muscle that opposes the motion of the agonist

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3
Q

What is the all or non law?

A

A muscle fibre has to either fully contract or not contract at all: there is no in-between level of contraction

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4
Q

What is an eccentric contraction?

A

A muscular contraction that involves the muscle lengthening

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5
Q

What is a concentric contraction?

A

A muscular contraction that involves the muscle becoming shorter

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6
Q

What is a fixator?

A

The muscle that stabilises the joint during movement, aiding the efficiency of the agonist muscle

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7
Q

What is an isometric concentraction?

A

A muscular contraction that involves no change in muscle length

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8
Q

What are baroreceptors?

A

Sensors detecting changes in blood pressure

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9
Q

Define breathing frequency

A

The number of breaths per minute

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10
Q

Define cardia control

A

The volume of blood ejected by the heart per minute

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11
Q

What are chemoreceptors?

A

Sensors detecting chemical changes within the blood

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12
Q

What is diastole?

A

Phases of heart beat when the heart relaxes and the chambers fill with blood

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13
Q

What is EPOC?

A

The increased volume of oxygen following exercise

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14
Q

Define minute ventillation

A

The volume of air inspired or exhaled per minute

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15
Q

What are proprioreceptors?

A

Sensors that detect changes in body position through changes in muscle length tension and joint angles

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16
Q

Define stroke volume

A

The amount of blood ejected from the heart per beat

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17
Q

What is systole?

A

Phase of heart beat when the heart contracts and ejects blood from the heart

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18
Q

Define tidal volume

A

The volume of air displaced from the lungs

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19
Q

What is the vascular shunt mechanism?

A

How the vascular system shunts and redistributes blood towards the exercising muscles via vasodilation and vasoconstriction

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20
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

The narrowing of arteries to restrict blood flow

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21
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

The widening of arteries to increase blood flow

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22
Q

What is energy balance?

A

The difference between energy intake and energy expenditure

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23
Q

Define energy expenditure

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A

The using up of energy

24
Q

Define energy intake

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A

The amount of energy consumed through the diet

25
What is an ergogenic aid?
A substance that can improve physical or mental performance
26
What is a nutritional aid?
Food and drink which help to optimise energy levels
27
What is a pharmacological aid?
A drug that benefits sports performance
28
What is a physiological aid?
Technique which optimises the physical conditioning of an athlete through increased adaptive responses
29
Define aerobic capacity
The ability of an individual to undergo sustained aerobic exercise
30
Define atherosclerosis
The build up of plaque in an artery
31
What is the competition stage?
Stage occurring during the season focusing on maintaining performance levels
32
What is continuous training?
Constant period of training with no rest periods
33
Define dynamic flexibility
The level of flexibility when performing a quick movement which is not maintained
34
Define flexibility
The range of motion at a joint
35
What is high intensity interval training?
Short bursts of highly intense exercise followed by periods of rest
36
Define repetitions
The number of times the exercise is performed
37
Define sets
The number of times a predetermined block of reps is completed
38
Define static training
The level of flexibility when maintaining a still body position
39
Define tapering
Reducing the amount of training while keeping the intensity the same
40
What is the transition phase?
Stage occurring after competition but prior to pre-season focusing on rest
41
What is VO2 max?
The maximal volume of oxygen that can be consumed and utilised by the body
42
Define acceleration
The positive change in velocity of an object
43
Define air resistance
An opposing force that exerts itself upon a body moving through the air
44
Define centre of mass
The point at which the total body mass is concentrated
45
What is the effort arm?
The distance from the effort to the fulcrum
46
Define effort
The force that is needed to move the load
47
What is the fulcrum?
Where the rotation or movement of the lever takes place
48
Define inertia
The resistance of an object to change its current state of motion
49
What is the load arm?
The distance from the load to the fulcrum
50
Define load
Any weight that needs to be moved in a lever system
51
Define momentum
The quantity of motion that is taking place in a moving object
52
What is Newton's first law?
An object stays in a constant state of motion unless acted upon by an external force
53
What is Newton's second law?
An object will accelerate in the same direction as the force applied upon it and the amount of acceleration is directly proportional to this force
54
What is Newton's third law?
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
55
Define reaction
The equal and opposite force acting in the opposite direction to the force being exerted
56
Define weight
The force of gravity acting on an object

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