PE i/0 Flashcards
Motivation concerns the conditions responsible for variations in intensity, quality, and _________ of ongoing behavior.
direction
What type of motivational approach placed the emphasis for behavior and directed activity directly on the environment?
Behaviorist approach
Which theory proposed that various forces in the psychological environment have valence?
Field theory
Maslow’s model fits the person-as-machine metaphor well. Which of the following is false concerning the model? `
A person will respond to whatever satisfies the lowest level unfulfilled needThe behavior of the individual is unconscious and automatic.
An employer needs to know at what need level a worker is operating
All of the following are need levels identified by Alderfer (1969; 1972)
Relatedness
c. Existence
d. Growth
What is a major problem associated with using contingent reinforcement
The approach has little or no role for any cognitive activity.
What is the theory called that suggests that tension exists when individuals hold incompatible thoughts?
Dissonance theory
John, in a meeting with his boss, was elated to hear that the president of the company was impressed with his contribution. However, when he left the meeting and was sitting in his office, John began to experience feelings of anger. What theory would most support John’s circumstances?
Opponent process theory
All of the following are true of the Job Descriptive Index
. It includes a separate overall satisfaction measure.
b. It doesn’t provide much information about issues like independence
It assesses satisfaction with five distinct areas of work.
_______________ is related to the work that individuals do, while ________________ concerns whether employees are satisfied with aspects such as pay or benefits.
Intrinsic satisfaction; extrinsic satisfaction
Multiple roles for both men and women enhance feelings of well-being through all of the following mechanisms
Success in one role can buffer the effects of failure in another role.
b. Multiple roles increase the opportunity for social support.Multiple roles increase an individual’s cognitive complexity
. ___________ are generalized feeling states that are not intense enough to interrupt ongoing work, whereas ____________ are normally associated with specific events or occurrences
. Feelings; Moods
Which of the following statements is incorrect concerning affectivity?
Positive people tend to be more satisfied with their jobs than negative people.
b. Affectivity as measured in adolescence predicts later job satisfaction.Job satisfaction and affectivity have reciprocal influences on each other.
All of the following are elements of core evaluations
Self-efficacy
c. Stimuli observation
d. Absence of neuroticism
Organizational commitment includes all of the following elements
Acceptance and belief in an organization’s values.
c. A strong desire to remain in the organization.
d. A willingness to exert effort on behalf of the organization.
All of the following are reasons why the effects of unemployment are complex
. There are fewer decisions to make since there is little to decide about.
b. The loss of work reduces income and daily variety.
c. There is a suspension of the typical goal setting that guides day to day activity.
Which of the following is a criticism of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire?
It is unclear how many transactional and transformational strategies there are
According to a study described in the textbook, the mental health of female managers was ________ if they adopted a(n) _________ style in a male dominated industry.
. worse; interpersonal
All of the following are descriptive of the more modern approach to trait theory except:
It defines personality traits behaviorally.
b. It considers traits in the context of organizational/situational variables.It includes a general consensus on the meaning of personality traits
Which of the following is characteristically true of out-group members
They view exchanges with their leaders as simply contractual.
The researchers at Ohio State University pursued an approach that dealt with two dimensions: consideration and initiating structure. Which general leadership approach did they utilize?
Behavioral approach
. ______________ leadership is best when the job is boring or the subordinate lacks self-confidence, whereas ____________ leadership is most effective when the job is not clearly defined.
Supportive; directive
