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PE Exam Stuff > PE Exam Stuff > Flashcards

PE Exam Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Framework outiline

A

Allows for upright posture-help fight gravity. Bones provide a solid framework for the body

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2
Q

Protection outline

A

Protection of vital organs such as heart, lungs and brain via rib cage and skull

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3
Q

Adequate body posture

A

Muscles are continually in a state of tone that gives them the ability to maintain upright posture when awake

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4
Q

Essential bodily functions

A

Involuntary muscles that function continuously and preserve our ongoing body needs

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5
Q

Role of ATP

A

Energy is contained in high energy bonds and is released when the bonds is broken. ATP is converted into ADP. All muscle contractions results from energy released during splitting of 3rd phosphate molecule

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6
Q

For contraction to continue beyond a time

A

ATP must be resynthesised

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7
Q

By products of ATP-CP

A

None

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8
Q

By products of anaerobic glycolysis

A

H+ ions fatiguing

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9
Q

By products of aerobic

A

CO2, water and heat

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10
Q

Recovery for ATP-CP

A

Passive: 50% in 30s
100%: 3-5 mins

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11
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis recovery

A

Active in order to increase oxygen to muscles

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12
Q

Aerobic energy system recovery

A

Active if anaerobic glycolysis system also contributed
Passive and eating glycogen if event was longer and slower

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13
Q

Anaerobic vs aerobic pathways

A

Anaerobic: low yield of ATP, doesn’t require 02, only resystnhesises ATP for a short duration, produces muscular fatiguing by-products e.g H+ ions

Aerobic: high yield of ATP, requires O2, can resynthesis ATP for long duration, cannot resynthesise ATP for high intensity efforts

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14
Q

Soft tissue

A

When connective tissue or muscle fibres cannot cope with the stress being placed on them or a joint is overextended

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15
Q

Soft tissue

A

When connective tissue or muscle fibres cannot cope with the stress being placed on them or a joint is overextended

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16
Q

Open wound

A

When the skin is damaged
Generally occurs via direct blow

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17
Q

Fracture structure injured

A

Bone

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18
Q

Dislocation structure injured

A

Joint

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19
Q

Possible cause fracture

A

Direct trauma to area e.g blow or indirect trauma e.g broken clavicle

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20
Q

Possible cause of dislocation

A

Excessive movement of a joint

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21
Q

Signs and symptoms of fractures

A

Pain, swelling, difficulty in moving

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22
Q

What injury damages both hard and soft tissue

A

Dislocation
Ligaments joint bone to bone and dliscation occurs at joint and involves forming joint being displaced

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23
Q

Signs and symptoms dislocation

A

Deformity, loss of movement, pain

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24
Q

Shin splits description

A

Pain felt anywhere along tibia from knee to ankle

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25
Q

Signs and symptoms of shin splits

A

Initial pain: slight inflammation in muscles
Over time: pain= constant and very uncomfortable

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26
Q

Osteitis pubis definition

A

Irritation and/or overuse of joint between pubic bones of the pelvis

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27
Q

Tennis/golfers elbow description

A

Swelling of tendons in elbow and arm

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28
Q

Signs and symptoms tennis/ golfers elbow

A

Recurring pain on outside of upper forearm
Difficulty extending forearm

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29
Q

Arthritis definition

A

Inflammation of the joints in the body causing pain and stiffness

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30
Q

Osteoarthritis definition

A

Degernative condition resulting from overuse or ‘wear and tear’ of a joint, mostly affecting the weight bearing joints of the hip, knee or ankle

Cartilage on ends of bones wear away causing the bones to rub together, creating pain and swelling

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31
Q

Risk factors osteoarthritis

A

1) physical inactivity
2)being overweight

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32
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Immune system attacks tissues lining the joints causing pain, swelling, irreversible damage and deformity
Generally affects smaller joints of body such as hands and feet

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33
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis risk factors

A

1) smoking
2) being female
3) family history
4) increasing age

34
Q

Back pain definition

A

Affects the bones, joints, tissues and nerves of the back

35
Q

Risk factors of back pain

A

Poor posture, being overweight

36
Q

Warmup benefits

A

Increases heart and respiratory rate which increases delivery of blood and oxygen to working muscles
Increases temp of muscles t/f increases flexibility and range of motion and the joint and decreases risk of injury

37
Q

General phase definition

A

Should include low-impact aerobic activities, such as jogging as well as stretching

38
Q

Sport specific phase definition

A

Should include activities directly related to the muscles, joints and body parts about to be used in the activity

39
Q

Benefits of a cool down/active recovery

A

1) prevent venous pooling (accumulation of blood in veins of the leg)
2) breaks down and removes lactic acid from blood
3) reduces potential for muscle soreness
4) allows body to return to its resting physiological state

40
Q

To ensure that it is effective, important that all protective equipment..

A

-is worn during training and games
-fits correctly
- is specific and appropriate for the sport, size and age of athlete
- os regularly checked and maintained

41
Q

Rigid taping use

A

Used if athlete wants to restrict movement and normally used on joints such as ankles

42
Q

Advantages of rigid taping

A

Reduces chance of injury, restricts potentially harmful movement, protect from further injury

43
Q

Disadvantages of rigid taping

A

Irritation of skin, reduced circulation if too tight, loses elasticity over time and t/f less effective

44
Q

Kinesiology taping description

A

Less restrictive taping that allows muscle support whilst not compromising range of motion
Tape is not completely wrapped around the injured joint or muscle

45
Q

Kinesiology taping advantages

A

Greater range of motion than rigid taping, ability to be worn for longer than rigid strapping tape

46
Q

Kinesiology taping disadvantages

A

Expensive to purchase and needs to be applied by a professional e.g physiotherapist

47
Q

Braces description

A

A garment that is worn around a joint to prevent I jury by restricting movement

48
Q

Advantages of braces

A

Individual can put on brace by themselves rather than needing pro help, good quality braces can last longer and t/f be cheaper

49
Q

Disadvantages of braces

A

Initial expense, bulky and affect movement

50
Q

PNF involves

A

Must contract and push against resistance
Muscle group to be stretched and is positioned so muscles are stretched and under tension

51
Q

Direct observation descirption

A

Watching someone in person and taking notes

52
Q

Advantages direct observation

A

Immediate feedback t/f quicker impact on game

Easy to organize as less equipment requires

53
Q

Disadvantages direct observation

A

Expertise required to do accurately and subjective t/f decreases accuracy

54
Q

Indirect observation description

A

Recording the activity and watching back

55
Q

Indirect observation advantages

A

More accurate as you can slow down video and pause

Can be stored for future analysis

56
Q

Indirect observation disadvantages

A

Access to equipment t/f limits who can use

Time consuming

57
Q

Movement patterns description and what it measures

A

Involves charting and recording on-field movement of players throughout a game

Measures distances and intensities of player to determine predominant fitness components and energy systems used

58
Q

Heart rate can be used to determine

A

Energy system demands

59
Q

Work to rest ratio

A

Refers to amount of time a player is active compared to recovering

60
Q

Work to rest ratio measures

A

Energy system usage

61
Q

1:5 and above w:r ratio

A

CP system is most significant when working

62
Q

1:4, 1:3 and 1:2

A

Aerobic glycolysis system

63
Q

1:1 or 2:1

A

Aerobic system

64
Q

Skill frequency table helps to determine

A

Fitness components and muscle groups required for a sport

65
Q

Chemical pathway aerobic power

A

Aerobic

66
Q

Muscular strength chemical pathway

A

ATP-cp and anaerobic glycolysis

67
Q

Muscular endurance chemical pathway

A

Anaerobic glycolysis and aerobic

68
Q

Flexibility chemical pathway

A

Dynamic: atp-cp
Static: aerobic

69
Q

Lab testing

A

Completed in a lab, more accurate, expensive, elite athletes, gives indivualised results
E.g vo2 max test

70
Q

Field testing

A

Inexpensive, readily avalibable, estimations or predictions, in class
E.g 20m shuttle run test

71
Q

Direct

A

Gives a direct indication/value e.g VO2 max test

72
Q

Indirect

A

Based on predictive measures and equations linked to norms

73
Q

Reliable

A

Test needs to be repliacted to produce consistent results e.g same conditions every time

74
Q

Accuracy

A

Rules and guidelines must be strictly followed

75
Q

Valid

A

The test needs to be a recognised way to measure the fitness component

76
Q

Selecting tests

A

Need to replicate requirements of the sport

77
Q

Order of tests in a fitness battery

A

Should be in an order that iminises impact on future tests

Least fatiguing to most fatiguing and using alertanting body parts

78
Q

Frequency for continuous

A

Maintain: 3/ week
Improve: at least 4

79
Q

Frequency fartlek training

A

Maintain:3 session/week
Improve:at least 4

80
Q

Fartlek training

A

Type of continuous training where efforts are performed at various intensities for a minimum duration of 20 minutes

81
Q

Flexibility frequency

A

In every session at start and end

PE Exam Stuff (1 decks)

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