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Welsh > PE- cardiovascular system and respiratory sytem > Flashcards

PE- cardiovascular system and respiratory sytem Flashcards

1
Q

Heart rate definition

A

the number of times your heart beats per minute

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2
Q

Stroke Volume

A

the amount of blood ejected from your heart per beat

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3
Q

Cardiac Output

A

the amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute

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4
Q

Blood pressure

A

the force exerted by the circulatory blood against the blood vessel walls

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5
Q

Cholesterol

A

Fatty substance carried in the blood by lipoproteins which come in 2 forms which are LDL and HDL

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6
Q

What does the cardiovascular system consist of

A

-heart
-blood
-blood vessels

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7
Q

What type of blood does the right side of the heart pump

A

deoxygenated blood

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8
Q

What type of blood does the left side of the heart pump

A

oxygenated blood

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9
Q

What does the blood go through when travelling away from the heart

A

arteries

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10
Q

What does the blood go through when returning to the heart

A

veins

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11
Q

What does the pulmonary circuit do

A

carries blood from the heart to and from the lungs

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12
Q

What does the systemic circuit do

A

carries blood from the heart to and from the head and the rest of the body

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13
Q

What are the components of blood

A

-Platelets
-Red blood cells
-White blood cells
-Plasma

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14
Q

What do the platelets do

A

prevent and stop bleeding

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15
Q

What do the red blood cells do

A

carry oxygen throughout the body

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16
Q

What do the white blood cells do

A

fight infections throughout the body

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17
Q

What do the plasma do

A

straw-like fluid that transports water, nutrients

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18
Q

Systole definition

A

made by the lower chambers contracting and pushing blood at high pressure into the arteries

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19
Q

Diastole definition

A

made by the upper chambers contracting

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20
Q

Systolic pressure definition

A

the pressure in the arteries whilst the heart is contracting

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21
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

the pressure in the arteries whilst the heart is relaxing

22
Q

How can blood pressure be affected

A

-unhealthy diet
-High alcohol consumption
-Smoking
-No exercise
-High stress levels

23
Q

What do high density lipoproteins contain

A

fat

24
Q

Is HDL good cholesterol

A

yes

25
Q

What does HDL do

A

it carries cholesterol away from the arteries to the liver, which removes it from the body

26
Q

What does LDL contain

A

fat

27
Q

What does LDL cause

A

it causes the build up of plaque in the arteries

28
Q

What effects does LDL have on the heart

A

heart has to work harder to pump blood around the body

29
Q

is LDL good

A

NO

30
Q

What is the Cardiac Output equation

A

Cardiac Output= Stroke Vol x Heart Rate

31
Q

What is the pathway of blood

A

-Left atrium
-Left ventricle
-To the body
-Right atrium
-Right ventricle
-To the lungs

32
Q

Short term effect of cardio vascular systems

A

-Increase in stroke volume
-Increase in heart rate
- Increasing cardiac output

33
Q

Long term effects of the cardiovascular system

A

-Reducing blood pressure
-Increase in resting stroke volume
- Increase in cardiac output
-Increase in more red blood cells
-Reducing resting heart rate
-Increase number of capillaries

34
Q

Describe inspiration

A
  1. The intercostal muscles contract and pull the ribcage up and out
  2. The diaphragm contracts causing it to flatten
  3. The chest cavity gets larger causing pressure in the lungs to fall.
  4. Air moves into the lungs from the higher outside pressure
35
Q

Describe expiration

A
  1. The intercostal muscles relax so the ribcage returns back to normal
    2.The diaphragm relaxes pushing it up
  2. The chest cavity gets smaller so pressure in the lungs increase
  3. Air flows out of the lungs to the lower outside pressure.
36
Q

What is gaseous exchange

A

refers to the exchange of gases, namely oxygen and carbon dioxide and relies on a process called diffusion

37
Q

Where does gaseous exchange take place

A

alveoli

38
Q

What is diffusion

A

Gases always move from a area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

39
Q

What is an alveoli

A

they are extremely tiny structures in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place

40
Q

What helps diffusion take place in the alveoli

A

their walls are very thin and moist to help oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through. The branches of the alveoli are surrounded by a dense network of capillaries

41
Q

Where is myoglobin found

A

found in muscle tissue

42
Q

Where is haemoglobin found

A

found in red blood cells

43
Q

Why is myoglobin better than haemoglobin for oxygen storage

A

myoglobin binds oxygen more tightly than haemoglobin. It is not good for oxygen transport and is instead good for oxygen storage

44
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation

A

the amount of air we breathe in and out per minute

45
Q

What is the pulmonary ventilation equation

A

VE= frequency x tidal volume

46
Q

What is tidal volume

A

volume of air breathed in and out during one breath

47
Q

What is the average breathing rate

A

12 breaths/min

48
Q

What is the average tidal volume

A

0.5 litres

49
Q

What are the short term effects of the respiratory system when doing exercise

A

-Increase ventilation
-Increase oxygen uptake
-Increase diffusion
-Increase breathing rate
-Tidal volume
-minute ventilation

50
Q

What are the long term effects of the respiratory system when doing exercise

A

-size of the chest increases
-amount that the chest can expand increases
-Decrease in breathing rate at rest
-capillary web around the alveoli is increased
-The exchange of gas is improved
-tidal volume increases

Welsh (2 decks)

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