PE AOS2 Biomechanical Principles

Question 1

Displacement

Answer 1

Change in position of an object from the starting position to finishing position

Question 2

Distance

Answer 2

Path travelled by an object from start to finish, regardless of direction travelled

Question 3

Torque

Answer 3

The rotational force (push or pull) that makes an object rotate

Question 4

Projectile Motion

Answer 4

Speed of Release
Angle of Release (45 degrees = Optimal Angle)
Height of Release

Question 5

Newtons 1st Law

Answer 5

Inertia - An Object will continue to travel in the same direction at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced external force

Question 6

Newtons 2nd Law

Answer 6

Force & Acceleration - the rate of acceleration of a body/object is proportional to the force applied to it and in the direction which force is applied

Question 7

Newtons 3rd Law

Answer 7

Action Reaction- When 2 objects come into contact with one another, they exert forces that are equal in size but opposite in direction on each other
~ for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 8

Inertia

Answer 8

Mass ….

Question 9

Relationship between Mass & Inertia

Answer 9

The greater the mass the greater the inertia; harder to move, stop or change direction of that object

Question 10

Mass

Answer 10

the quantity of matter found within a particular object/body

Question 11

Two Types of Force

Answer 11

Internal Force - Muscles pulling on bones
External Force - Gravity 9.8m/s, air resistance, water resistance (drag force) & Friction

Question 12

Summation of Momentum

Answer 12

• Activate larger stronger body parts first
• Use as many body parts as possible
• Transfer momentum from one body part to another
• Stable base of support to ensure maximal acceleration of body parts
• Appropriate follow through to avoid negative acceleration of body parts

Question 13

Stability & Balance

Answer 13

• Base of Support (BoS)
• Line of Gravity (LoG)
• Centre of Gravity (CoG)
• Mass

Question 14

Impulse

Answer 14

Force x Time~ force applied over time, apply force for longer (impulse) results in a change of momentum. Generate more force over time
= Increase momentum

• Force absorbed over time to prevent injury = decrease momentum

Question 15

3 Kinds of Motion

Answer 15

Linear Motion - Straight Line or curved path

Angular Motion - Motion around and axis

General Motion

Question 16

Velocity

Answer 16

Speed with direction

Question 17

Linear Velocity

Answer 17

How Quickly something is changing motion in a straight line or curved path

Question 18

Angular Velocity

Answer 18

How quickly something rotates around an axis, angular velocity can be changed by manipulating moment of inertia
(limbs closer or further away from the axis of rotation)

Question 19

Moment of inertia

Answer 19

is described as the resistance of a body/object to change its rate of rotation RPM (angular velocity)

Question 20

Linear Momentum

Answer 20

(mass x velocity) - an object with greater momentum is harder to stop

Question 21

Angular Momentum

Answer 21

Angular Velocity x Moment of inertia

Question 22

Conservation of Linear Momentum

Answer 22

States that when two objects come into contact/collide that total momentum that existed before the collision is the same as the total momentum after the collision

Question 23

Conservation of Angular Momentum

Answer 23

Once an object has had torque applied the momentum is conserved, as no more force can be applied, & mass does not change Angular velocity can be manipulated by changing the moment of inertia

Question 24

1st Class Lever

Answer 24

There are NO 1st class levers in the body

Question 25

2nd Class Lever

Answer 25

Assists in decreasing the amount of force required to move a mass. you can produce more force with less effort = Force multiplier

Question 26

3rd Class Lever

Answer 26

Increase the length of the resistance arm enabling the athlete to increase the range of motion at the end of the lever therefore increasing the speed/velocity at the end of the lever
=Speed Multiplier

Question 27

Equation of Force

Answer 27

Mass x Acceleration

Question 28

Acceleration

Answer 28

An object positively changing motion

Question 29

Momentum

Answer 29

a measure of the amount of motion an object has and its resistance to changing that motion ( mass x velocity)

Question 30

Force

Answer 30

can be described as a push or a pull on an object

Question 31

Deceleration

Answer 31

Something decreasing in motion

Question 32

External forces

Answer 32

• Air and water resistance (drag force)
• Friction
• Gravitational forces

Question 33

Air & water resistance (drag force)

Answer 33

is a frictional force that occurs when one of the surfaces is air or water

Question 34

Friction

Answer 34

occurs when two surfaces contact each other, friction can manipulated to be increased or decreased

Question 35

Gravitational forces

Answer 35

constant downward force action on objects at 9.8 m/s

Question 36

Biomechanics

Answer 36

is the study of mechanical principles that govern human movement ~ which enables coaches/ athletes to explain, predict and enhance movement for optimal performance

Question 37

Mass and Inertia of an object

Answer 37

the greater the mass of an object the greater its inertia

Question 38

A Lever

Answer 38

• the axis (fulcrum) is the turning point of the lever
• the force (effort) is the point where force is applied
• the resistance (load) is the weight of whatever a person is trying to move