PE 4 (Muscles) Flashcards
Frontalis
Action: Raises eyebrows
Temporalis
Action: Closes jaw
Occipitalis
Action: Pulls scalp posteriorly
Orbicularis Oculi
Action: Closes eye, blinking, squinting
Orbicularis Oris
Action: Closes lips
Trapezius*
Action: Stabilizes, raises, retracts, rotates scapula
Origin: Occipital bone, C7, Thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Scapula, Clavicle
Masseter*
Action: Prime mover of jaw closure
Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: Mandible
Zygomaticus (Major)
Action: Raises lateral corners of mouth (smiling)
Sternocleidomastoid*
Action: Flexes and laterally rotates the head
Origin: Manubrium (sternum) and clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone, Occipital bone
Pectoralis Major*
Action: Prime mover of arm flexion
Origin: Sternal end of clavicle, sternum
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Pectoralis Minor*
Action: Draws scapula forward and down
Origin: Anterior surfaces of ribs
Insertion: Scapula
Latissimus Dorsi*
Action: Prime mover of arm extension
Origin: Thoracic vertebra, Ribs, Iliac crest, (inferior angle of) Scapula
Insertion: Humerus
Serratus anterior*
Action: Rotates scapula so inferior angle moves up
Origin: Ribs
Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula
Trapezius*
Action: Stabilizes, raises, retracts, rotates scapula
Origin: Occipital bone, C7, Thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Scapula, Clavicle
Teres Major*
Action: Extends, medially rotates, adducts humerus
Origin: Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Infraspinatus
Action: Rotates humerus laterally
Rhomboid Major
Action: Stabilizes scapula
Rectus abdominis*
Action: Flex and rotate lumbar vertebral column
Origin: Pubic crest
Insertion: Xiphoid process, Ribs
External oblique
Action: Flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall
Deltoid*
Action: Prime mover of arm abduction
Origin: Clavicle, Acromiom, Spine of scapula
Insertion: Humerus
Supraspinatus*
Action: Initiates abduction, stabilizes shoulder joint
Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Infraspinatus*
Action: Rotates humerus laterally
Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Teres minor*
Action: Rotates humerus laterally
Origin: Scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Subscapularis*
Action: Prime medial rotator of the humerus
Origin: Subscapular fossa of the scapula
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Triceps brachii*
Action: Powerful forearm extensor
Origin: Scapula, Humerus
Insertion: Olecranon of ulna
Biceps brachii*
Action: Flexes elbow and supinates forearm
Origin: Coracoid process, Glenoid cavity, Humerus
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
Brachialis
Action: Major forearm flexor
Brachioradialis
Action: Synergist in flexing forearm
Flexor carpi radialis
Action: Powerful flexor of wrist, abducts hand
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Action: Extends and abducts wrist
Tensor Fascia Latae
Action: Steadies the knee and trunk on thigh
Rectus Femoris*
Action: Extends knee and flexes thigh at hip
Origin: Iliac spine, Acetabulum
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity
Vastus Lateralis*
Action: Extends and stabilizes knee
Origin: Greater trochanter
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity
Vastus Medialis*
Action: Extends knee
Origin: Femur
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity
Sartorius*
Action: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh
Origin: Iliac spine
Insertion: Tibia
Gracilis
Action: Adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg
Adductor Longus
Action: Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
Gluteus Maximus*
Action: Major extensor of thigh
Origin: Ilium, sacrum, coccyx
Insertion: Femur
Gluteus Medius
Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh
Adductor Magnus
Action: Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh, extends thigh
Semimembranosus*
Action: Extends thigh and flexes knee
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia,
Lateral condyle of femur
Semitendinosus*
Action: Extends thigh and flexes knee
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Tibia
Biceps Femoris*
Action: Extends thigh and flexes knee
Origin: Ischial tuberosity, femur
Insertion: Head of fibula,
Lateral condyle of tibia
Gastrocnemius*
Action: Plantar flexes foot
Origin: Medial and lateral condyles of femur
Insertion: Calcaneus
Soleus*
Action: Plantar flexes foot
Origin: Tibia, Fibula
Insertion: Calcaneus
Fibularis Longus
Action: Plantar flexes foot
Fibularis Brevis
Action: Plantar flexes foot
Tibialis Anterior*
Action: Prime mover of dorsiflexion
Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia
Insertion: Metatarsal
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Action: Plantar flexes and inverts foot, flexes toes
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Action: Prime mover of toe extension
