PE Flashcards
1
Q
Name 4 different types of fractures.
A
Compound
2
Q
Greenstick
A
3
Q
Simple
A
4
Q
Stress
A
5
Q
What is a compound fracture?
A
Compound, or open fractures, are where the broken bone causes the skin to break, adding an additional complication of possible infection.
6
Q
What is a simple fracture?
A
Simple, or closed fractures, are where the bone does not break the skin.
7
Q
What is a greenstick fracture?
A
Greenstick fractures are common in younger children. This is where the bone bends on one side and breaks on the other.
8
Q
What is a stress fracture?
A
Stress fractures are injuries commonly caused through overuse. This is where a small crack forms in the bone.
9
Q
What are symptoms of concussion?
A
Confusion
10
Q
Dizziness
A
11
Q
Unconsciousness
A
12
Q
Nausea
A
13
Q
What is concussion?
A
Concussion is a mild head injury. It is caused by a blow to the head or by sudden and severe movement of the head shaking the brain inside the skull.
14
Q
What are symptoms of dislocation?
A
Pain
15
Q
Misshapen joint
A
16
Q
Swelling
A
17
Q
What is dislocation?
A
Dislocation can be very painful. It is where one of the bones at a joint comes out of place.
18
Q
What is a torn cartilage?
A
Torn cartilage is an injury at a joint where small tears appear in the cartilage.
19
Q
Name 3 examples of how a torn cartilage can occur?
A
Forceful twisting
20
Q
Sudden contact
A
21
Q
A mis-timed or bad tackle in football
A
22
Q
What are symptoms of torn cartilage?
A
Pain
23
Q
Swelling
A
24
Q
Stiffness at the joint restricting movement.
A
25
What treatment should you use to recover from a torn cartilage?
Rest
26
Strengthening exercises
27
What is a sprain?
A sprain is an injury at a joint where some of the fibres of the ligament are torn.
28
When does a sprain occur?
It happens when the joint goes through a greater range of movement than normal, tearing of some fibres.
29
What are symptoms of a sprain?
Pain
30
Bruising
31
Swelling
32
Name 3 examples of of how sprains can occur?
Forceful twisting
33
Overstretching the joint
34
Sudden change of direction
35
What treatment should you use to recover from a sprain?
RICE
36
What are abrasions?
Abrasions are minor injuries to the skin.
37
How can abrasions occur?
These can occur in any activity due to a knock or fall.
38
Name 2 abrasion injuries?
Graze
39
Cut
40
What treatment should you use to recover from abrasions?
Abrasions must be cleaned and covered with a sterile dressing. Pressure should be applied to stop blood flow.
41
Name 4 soft tissue injuries?
Strain
42
Tennis elbow
43
Golfer's elbow
44
Abrasions
45
What is a tennis elbow?
A tennis elbow is a joint injury where the tendons are inflamed. Pain is felt on the outside elbow.
46
What can a tennis elbow be caused from?
A tennis elbow can be caused by poor technique or overuse.
47
What is a golfer's elbow?
A golfer's elbow is another joint injury where the tendons are inflamed. Pain is felt on the inside of the elbow.
48
What can a golfer's elbow be caused from?
Golfer's elbow can be caused by poor technique or overuse.
49
What are strains?
Strains are a stretch or tear in the muscle. Sometimes this is know as a pulled muscle.
50
What are symptoms of strains?
Swelling
51
Pain
52
Bruising
53
What treatment should you use to recover from Strains.
RICE
54
What is a common treatment for joint injuries to reduce the swelling and pain?
RICE
55
What does RICE stand for?
Rest
56
Ice
57
Compression
58
Elevation
59
Why do athletes take anabolic steroids?
To allow them to train harder for longer, so increasing power and strength.
60
To increase protein synthesis, helping to develop lean muscle mass.
61
To increase their chances of winning.
62
Due to pressure of others.
63
To speed up recovery time.
64
What are side effects of anabolic steroids?
Liver damage and CHD.
65
Testicular atrophy, which leads to a decrease in sperm count.
66
Skin problems, including acne.
67
Mood swings, including increased aggression.
68
Premature baldness.
69
What are Beta blockers?
Beta blockers are drugs that are designed to treat various health issues, particularly those associated with the heart such as high blood pressure. They work by blocking the effects of adrenaline, so helping slow down the heart rate.
70
Why might people take beta blockers?
They have a calming effect.
71
They reproduce the performer's anxiety.
72
They allow the performer to remain in control.
73
They increase the chances of winning.
74
They reduce muscle tremor or shaking.
75
What are health risks associated with beta blockers?
Slowing heart rate
76
Lowering of blood pressure
77
Sleep disturbance
78
Who might use beta blockers?
Archery
79
Target shooting
80
Gymnastics
81
Diving
82
Why might people use beta blockers for these activities?
To increase precision.
83
What are diuretics?
Diuretics are drugs that increase the rate of urination, so increasing the amount of fluid the body loses. Unlike other performance-enhancing drugs, diuretics are banned not because they directly enhance performance, but because of other potential benefits.
84
Why might people take diuretics?
To achieve quick weight loss.
85
To mask or hide other performance-enhancing substances the performer may have taken, making them harder to detect.
86
What are health risks associated with diuretics?
Dehydration
87
Nausea, headaches
88
Heart/kidney failure
89
Who might use diuretics?
Boxing
90
Horse racing
91
Why might they use diuretics?
It might help them be in a certain weight category or where it is a benefit to be light.
92
What was narcotic analgesics designed to do.
Relive pain/pain killers
93
What are reasons performers might take narcotic analgesics?
They increase the performer's pain threshold.
94
They give a sense of euphoria.
95
They give a sense of being invincible. They mask injuries so the performer can continue to compete.
96
What are health risks associated with narcotic analgesics?
Nausea/vomiting
97
Anxiety/depression
98
Kidney/liver damage
99
Addiction
100
Concentration loss
101
Further damage to injury
102
Who might use narcotic analgesics?
Any performer with an injury who wishes to carry on training and performing could be tempted to take this drug such as:
103
Sprinters
104
Boxers
105
Footballer
106
Swimmers
107
Name 2 different peptide hormones?
Erythropoietin
108
Human growth hormones
109
Why might performers take erythropoietin?
Help increase red blood cell production, and therefore:
110
Increase oxygen delivery to working muscles.
111
Why might performers take human growth hormones?
Help increase muscle mass and therefore strength.
112
Burn more fat.
113
What are health risks associated with erythropoietin?
Increased thickness of blood.
114
Blood clots/strokes/deep vein thrombosis.
115
Increased risk of heart attack.
116
What are health risks associated with human growth hormones?
Arthritis
117
Heart failure
118
Abnormal growth in feet and hands.
119
Diabetes
120
Who might use erythropoietin?
Any activity where an increase in oxygen delivery would be helpful for example:
121
Rugby
122
Long distance running
123
Who might use human growth hormones?
Any activity where an increase in strength would be helpful for example:
124
Sprinting
125
Weight lifting
126
What are stimulants?
Stimulants are a category of drugs that temporarily elevate mood. They increase brain activity, making an individual feel more awake and alert, and as if they have more energy. The taking of stimulants in large enough quantities constitutes the use of performance-enhancing drugs and is therefore banned.
127
What are reasons performers might take stimulants.
To increase alertness so the performer is quicker to respond.
128
To increase levels of aggression.
129
To increase competitiveness.
130
To increase heart rate.
131
To reduce tiredness.
132
What are health risks associated with stimulants?
Insomnia
133
Aggression
134
Anxiety
135
Heart rate irregularities
136
Who might take stimulants?
Where an increase in aggression or pain tolerance would be helpful.
137
Where the performer needs to stay alert over a long period of time.
138
What is blood doping?
Blood doping is a process where performers have additional blood added to their bloodstream.
139
How is blood doping done?
The performer has his/her blood removed and stored.
140
The body replaces the blood over a four to six week period.
141
Prior to an event the blood that was removed is injected back into the blood stream.
142
Why do performers dope?
Increase in red blood cells, therefore: Increase in oxygen-carrying capacity.
143
What are health risks associated with blood doping?
Infection from equipment leading to blood poisoning.
144
Increased thickness of the blood due to increased number of red blood cells, which could lead to blood clots.
145
Deep vein thrombosis due to blood clots, leading to heart failure.
146
Stroke as a result of blood clots.
147
Diseases carried in body fluids, for example, HIV and hepatitis.
148
Who might use blood doping?
Any performer who takes part in an activity where an increase in oxygen delivery would be an advantage for example:
149
Long distance cyclists
150
Long distance runners
151
How many stages of a warm up are there?
There are 3 stages
152
What are the three stages names in order?
Pulse raiser
153
Stretching
154
Drills
155
What is the pulse raisers purpose?
To raise the heart rate and speed up oxygen delivery.
156
What is the stretching's purpose?
Stretching the muscles and soft tissues you are about to use increases their elasticity and range of movement.
157
What are the drills purpose?
There are more intense practices relating to the main session.
158
What is the minimum amount of time a good warm up should take?
10 minutes
159
What are benefits of a good warm up?
It physically and mentally prepares you for exercise.
160
It increases oxygen delivery to the working muscles.
161
It increases the temperature of muscles, tendons and ligaments, reducing the chance of injury.
162
It increases flexibility which will aid performance.
163
What is the purpose of a cool down?
The purpose of a cool down is to return the body to its resting levels gradually, so there are no problems due to suddenly stopping exercise.
164
How many stages of a cool down are there?
Two
165
Name both stages?
Light exercise
166
Stretching
167
What are benefits of a cool down?
Aids the removal of lactic acid, which can build up in the muscles making them feel stiff and sore.
168
Aids the removal of carbon dioxide and other waste products.
169
Helps bring the heart rate and breathing rate slowly back down to their resting rates.
170
Helps avoid dizziness due to blood pooling in the lower limbs which can happen if you suddenly stop exercising.
171
Improves flexibility.
172
What are the health benefits of training?
A state of complete emotional, physical and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.
173
What are four stages a training programme requires?
Planning
174
Developing
175
Monitoring
176
Evaluating
177
What is a PEP?
Personal Exercise Programme
178
What are physical health benefits from regular exercise?
Stronger bones.
179
Reduced chance of coronary heart disease.
180
Reduced chance of stroke.
181
Reduced chance of obesity.
182
How are these improvements achieved?
Taking part in weight-bearing activities like running and walking.
183
Reducing low blood pressure.
184
Reducing cholesterol
185
Burning excess calories while exercising.
186
What are negative effects of training on physical health.
Overexertion leading to heart attack or stroke.
187
Overuse injuries
188
Less effective immune systems.
189
What are emotional health benefits from exercise?
Stress relief
190
Competition
191
Reduced boredom
192
Aesthetic appreciation
193
How are these improvements achieved?
Taking your mind off of any problems.
194
Causing an increase in serotonin.
195
Having fun when you play.
196
Feeling good when successful.
197
Having something to do.
198
Watching skilful performances.
199
What is self-esteem?
Having confidence in yourself.
200
What is self-esteem increased by?
Becoming a member of a team.
201
Improving at something.
202
Looking better.
203
What is a negative effect of training on emotional health?
Training could lead to injury.
204
What are positives of social health.
Meeting new people and making new friends.
205
Improving co-operation skills.
206
Increased social activities.
207
Why is co-operation important?
Improved co-operation can lead to better understanding of your teammates and better teamwork skills. This may make your team more successful.
208
What is a negative effect of training on social health.
Less time is spent with family and friends due to a large number of hours spent training.
209
In some cases training can become an obsession.
210
How many calories does the government guidelines suggest a man should take daily?
2500 calories
211
How many calories does the government guidelines suggest a woman should take daily.
2000 calories
212
What is anorexia?
An eating disorder due to poor emotional health where a person keeps their body weight as low as possible.
213
What is obesity?
A person's ability to move is restricted due to excess weight. It can lead to potential joint and heart issues.
214
What are diseases caused by a lack of nutrients?
Rickets
215
Scurvy
216
Osteoporosis
217
How much time a day should a U18 spend exercising according to government guidelines?
One hour
218
What negative effects on your health come from alcohol?
Heart failure
219
Increased blood pressure
220
Increased weight
221
Liver disease
222
Cancer
223
What negative effects on your health come from smoking?
Strokes
224
Bronchitis
225
Heart disease
226
Blood clots
227
Lung cancer
228
What are negative effects alcohol can have on your performance?
Slower reaction times
229
The drinker is less mobile due to excess weight.
230
Causes loss of co-ordination.
231
Causes loss of concentration.
232
What are negative effects smoking can have on your performance?
Causes breathlessness
233
Reduces oxygen-carrying capacity.
234
What is a sedentary lifestyle?
A lifestyle where there is very limited or no physical activity.
235
What are possible health risks due to a sedentary lifestyle?
Heart disease
236
Type 2 diabetes
237
Obesity
238
Osteoporosis
239
Loss of muscle
240
Poor fitness
241
Depression
242
What does overweight mean?
You weigh more than your expected weight for your height and sex.
243
What does overfat mean?
You have more body fat than you should have.
244
What does obese mean?
This is used to describe people who are very overfat. This is where the body fat has increased to a level that is seriously unhealthy.
245
What is a balanced diet?
A balanced diet means eating the right foods, in the right amounts. This will enable us to work and exercise properly.
246
What happens if we don't have a good balanced diet?
Insufficient nutrients can cause health issues, for example, anaemia, rickets and scurvy.
247
What are macronutrients?
Macronutrients are the nutrients that we need to have in our diet in large quantities.
248
What do we need macronutrients for?
Energy
249
Growth
250
Repair
251
What are micronutrients?
Micronutrients are the nutrients that we need to have in our diet in small quantities.
252
What are micronutrients used for?
To maintain good health.
253
Where is vitamin D found?
In dairy foods, such as milk, cheese, and eggs, and helps the body absorb the mineral calcium.
254
Where is calcium found?
Calcium is a mineral found in foods such as milk and other dairy products. One of its functions is to help keep our bones strong.
255
What does water do?
Prevents dehydration.
256
Where is water found?
It is mostly found in liquids and many foods.
257
What does fibre do?
Fibre aids the digestive system .
258
Where is fibre found?
Foods such as cereals, vegetables and nuts.
259
What is optimum weight?
Optimum weight is the ideal weight someone should be.
260
What does your optimum weight depend on?
Bone structure
261
Height
262
Sex
263
Muscle mass
264
Does height affect your weight?
Yes because the taller you are the more you will weigh.
265
How does bone structure affect your weight?
Some people have longer or wider bones than others and will also have greater bone density.
266
Someone with a larger bone structure will weigh more than someone of the same height with a smaller bone structure.
267
How can sex affect your weight?
Males tend to have more muscle mass and therefore weigh more.
268
How can muscle mass affect your weight?
People with bigger muscles will weigh more.
269
What is dietary manipulation ?
In order to optimise performance, top performers will plan exactly what they eat and when they eat it to get the most advantage from the food they eat.
270
What is protein intake?
The timing of a protein intake is important for power athletes, to maximise repair of muscle tissue broken down during explosive activity. In addition to rest and recovery, some performers take in protein as soon as possible after exercise to increase protein synthesis and therefore muscle growth.
271
What athletes use this approach?
Performers that work anaerobically
272
Sprinters
273
Hammer throwers
274
Power lifters
275
What is carbohydrate loading?
Carbohydrate loading makes more energy from carbohydrate available for performers during activity.
276
What athletes use this approach?
Endurance performers
277
Cross country runners
278
Marathon runners
279
Triathletes
280
What are you supposed to do 1-4 days before an event when using carbohydrate loading?
Reduce amount of exercise
281
Eat a high carbohydrate diet
282
Reduce fibre intake
283
What does this result in?
Therefore increases glycogen stores in the muscle.
284
Allowing optimum performance for longer.
285
What can dehydration cause?
Dizziness
286
Fatigue
287
Heart stroke
288
Increased heart rate
289
Nausea
290
Muscle cramp
291
Thickening of blood
292
To help avoid dehydration and maintain hydration levels, you need to drink plenty of water or energy drinks:
Two hours before performance
293
Just before
294
Whenever possible during performance
295
What is a continuum?
A continuum is a line that goes between two extremes.
296
What are open skills?
Open skills are those that are affected by the environment.
297
Name 3 open skills.
A pass in hockey
298
Dribbling in football
299
A rugby tackle
300
What are closed skills?
Closed skills are those that are not affected by the surrounding environment.
301
Name 3 closed skills.
A penalty kick in football
302
A gymnastics vault
303
A tennis serve
304
What are basic skills?
Are simple
305
Require little thought
306
Do not need much information to be processed
307
Require little decision making
308
Name 3 basic skills?
Running
309
Cycling
310
Swimming
311
What are complex skills?
Are difficult
312
Require thought and concentration
313
Require a lot of information to be processed
314
Require a lot of decision making
315
Name 3 complex skills?
Trying to dribble past defenders
316
Rock climbing
317
A lay up in basketball
318
What are low organisation skills?
Are easy to do
319
Have clear separate phases
320
Name 2 low organisation skills.
A tennis serve
321
The triple jump in athletics
322
What are high organisation skills?
Are harder to do
323
Have phases that are not clearly broken down without affecting the skill.
324
Name 2 high organisation skills.
Tumbling in gymnastics
325
A golf swing
326
What is massed practice?
Massed practice is when there are little or no breaks in a session.
327
What is an advantage of massed practice?
The correct movement pattern is grooved so it is repeated next time.
328
What are two disadvantages of massed practice?
This type of practice can be boring
329
It can also be tiring, leading to errors and potentially accidents.
330
When is massed practice used when the performer is?
Experienced/ skilled/ motivated
331
Older (less likely to get bored)
332
Very fit
333
Massed practice is used when the skill is?
Simple
334
Closed
335
Low organisation
336
Not dangerous
337
What is distributed practice?
Distributed practice is when there are breaks in the session providing rest periods or changes of activity.
338
What two advantages of distributed practice?
The performer doesn't get too tired
339
It prevents boredom
340
Keeps motivation high
341
What is a disadvantage of distributed practice?
The performer may not gain the skill in the time allowed, therefore taking longer to learn the skill.
342
Distributed practice is used when the performer is?
A beginner
343
Young (more likely to get bored)
344
Not very fit
345
Distributed practice is used when the skill is?
Complex
346
Open
347
High organisation
348
Dangerous
349
What is fixed practice?
Fixed practice is when the whole movement of a skill is repeatedly practised in the same way so it becomes well learned.
350
When is fixed practice used?
When the sport is made up of closed skills. The performer practices in a situation as similar to the performance situation as possible.
351
During fixed practice what happens?
The situation does not change
352
The routine is repeated and grooved until it becomes automatic
353
The equipment stays the same
354
What is variable practice?
Variable practice is when the same skill is repeated in different situations.
355
When is variable practice used?
When a sport is mainly made up of open skills because the situation is often challenging.
356
What do SMART targets stand for?
Specific
357
Measurable
358
Achievable
359
Realistic
360
Time bound
361
What does specific mean?
Your goal must be clear
362
Give an example of how your goal could be specific.
To reduce the percentage of unforced errors in my passing from the centre third in netball.
363
What does measurable mean?
In order to know if your goal has been met successfully, it must be something that can be measured.
364
Give an example of how you could apply a measurable target.
To run 10k 1 minute faster than my previous best.
365
What is an achievable target?
An achievable target means it is something that is possible for you to do.
366
Give an example of how you could apply an achievable target.
I currently run 100 meters in 14.3 seconds. My goal is to run 100 meters in 14.2 seconds.
367
What is a realistic goal?
A realistic goal is one that is possible, given all the factors involved.
368
Give an example in how you could apply a realistic goal.
I currently throw the javelin 30 meters. I am going to start an additional training session each week and my goal is to throw 35 meters by the end of the season.
369
What is a time bound?
Goals must be assigned a time frame for completion.
370
Goals can be given a broad time line such as?
Short term
371
Medium term
372
Long term
373
Give an example of how you could apply a time bound.
My goal is to run 200 meters in 45 seconds by the 4th July this year.
374
What is visual guidance?
Visual guidance is when the performer is shown the skill.
375
How can the performer use visual guidance?
A video of the performer
376
Pictures
377
A good quality demonstration
378
Who benefits the most from visual guidance?
Beginners
379
What are two advantages of using visual guidance?
Can copy the movement
380
Can be done with groups
381
What are three disadvantages of using visual guidance?
If demonstration is poor, incorrect movement can be learned.
382
Time consuming
383
Complex or quick movements are difficult to see clearly.
384
What is verbal guidance?
Verbal guidance is when the performer is told information about how to complete the correct technique
385
When using verbal guidance:
The information must be clear
386
Th information must be concise(brief but clear)
387
The performer must be able to hear the instruction
388
Who does verbal guidance benefit the most?
Experienced performers
389
What are three advantages of verbal guidance?
The instruction can be given quickly.
390
Can be used during performance
391
No equipment required
392
What are two disadvantages of verbal guidance?
Some movements are difficult to explain
393
Relies on the coach's communication skills being good enough that the performer can understand the information.
394
What is manual guidance?
Manual guidance is where the coach physically supports or moves the performer to help them get in to the correct position.
395
Name two manual guidance examples.
A tennis coach holding a performer's racket arm and moving it through the correct range of motion for a forehand drive.
396
A trampoline coach supporting a front somersault.
397
Name 3 advantages of manual guidance.
The performer can get a feel for the movement.
398
Builds confidence
399
Can help break down a movement into phases.
400
Name 4 disadvantages of manual guidance?
Feeling is not the same as actually doing it unaided.
401
Performer can become dependent on the support.
402
Incorrect feel can lead to incorrect movement being learned.
403
Can only be used 1:1
404
What is mechanical guidance?
Mechanical guidance is where the coach uses equipment to support the performer to help them with the technique.
405
Name one mechanical guidance example.
Using a harness when learning somersaults in trampolining.
406
Name 3 advantages of mechanical guidance.
The performer can get a feel for the movement.
407
Builds confidence
408
Reduces danger
409
Name 4 disadvantages of mechanical guidance.
It is not the same as actually doing it unaided.
410
Performer can become dependent on support.
411
Incorrect feel can lead to incorrect movement being learned.
412
Cannot normally be used with large groups.
413
Why is fedback used?
Provide information about the skill being performed.
414
Help improve skill
415
Reinforce good practice
416
To be effective feedback must:
Not be too long- you can only process a small amount of information at a time.
417
Be given as soon as possible- while the memory of the skill is still fresh.
418
Be relevant to the performer- so it is specific for them and not the whole group.
419
What is intrinsic feedback?
Intrinsic feedback is from within the performer, for example, how the movement felt from feedback from the muscles. This type of feedback is important so performers can learn to spot their own errors.
420
Experienced performers use intrinsic feedback as:
The skill is well learned
421
They can feel their own errors and make amendments to their own performance based on their internal feedback.
422
What is extrinsic feedback?
Extrinsic feedback is feedback from outside the performer, for example, feedback from the coach telling you what you did right or wrong.
423
What type of performers are likely to use extrinsic feedback?
Less experienced performers
424
What is concurrent feedback?
Concurrent feedback is given during a performance. This can be intrinsic or extrinsic.
425
What is terminal feedback?
Terminal feedback is given after the performance. To be effective terminal, terminal feedback needs to be given as soon as possible after the completion of the skill.
426
What is mental rehearsal?
Mental rehearsal is a technique used by many elite performers. It involves mentally practising a skill or movement before physically doing it.
427
How can mental rehearsal help you during an event?
During an event, the performer goes through a skill or sequence of events they are about to perform in their mind. This helps clarify the skill they are about to perform, so they are confident they are ready to perform.
428
Socio-economic group can effect:
Participation rates
429
The activity participated in
430
Define participation rates.
The number of people taking part in physical activity.
431
Define data.
Facts and statistics gathered together to provide information that is easier to see.
432
Define trends.
Based on data, the general direction something is moving in for example, obesity levels in children.
433
Reasons for differences in participation include:
Cost- some activities cost more than others, for example, golf membership fees
434
Availability- Some activities are harder to get to for some people than others, for example, skiing and rock climbing
435
Time- Some activities take a long time and people have work and family commitments.
436
How can gender have an impact on participation in sports?
The reasons men and women participate more or less than each other can be due to the nature of the activity. Society still sees some sports as more associated with either men or women.
437
How can image have an impact on the sports a gender chooses?
Some men do not want to do dance or play netball as they think these are female activities, and some women would not play rugby or do boxing as they consider these to be male activities.
438
How can cost have an impact on the sports a gender chooses?
Women generally earn less than men which means they haven't got as much money to put into recreational activities such as sports.
439
How can time have an impact on the sports a gender chooses?
Traditionally women will have restricted time as they spend more time looking after home/children, as well as working, and so may have less time for sport.
440
How can age have an impact on participation in sports?
The reasons people from different age groups participate less than others can be due to the nature of the activity, but sometimes other barriers prevent them from taking part.
441
How can access have an impact on the sport an age chooses?
A local tennis club may only allow juniors to play at weekends but if they have a weekend part-time job this means they cannot play.
442
How can cost have an impact on the sport an age chooses?
Money may be needed to pay bills rather than pay for sport.
443
How can time have an impact on the sport an age chooses?
Less time due to work.
444
How can the nature of the activity have an impact on the sport an age chooses?
Depending on the individual, some activities may be more difficult to participate in as a person gets older. However, people in their 80s still run marathons!
445
How can ethnicity effect sport and physical activity you do?
Family or peers influencing whether someone does or does not do an activity.
446
How can stereotyping someone based on their ethnicity effect the sport and physical activity they do?
Where people from particular backgrounds are steered towards or away from certain activities, e.g. people of African origin being associated with and encouraged to compete in long-distance running events, rather than activities such as swimming.
447
How can cost affect people from a certain ethnicity and the sport and physical activity they do?
Due to socio-economic grouping, some people from different ethnic minority groups may have less money to spend on sport. For example, a Syrian refugee without a permanent job would not have the money needed to access more expensive sports.
448
Disability
