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1
Q

functions of the skeletal system

A
  • gives the body its shape
  • allows movement
  • makes blood cells
  • provides protection for organs and stores minerals.
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2
Q

Involuntary muscles

A

Involuntary muscles, like those that control the beating of the heart, do not require conscious thought to make them move even though their action is still controlled by the nervous system.

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3
Q

Voluntary muscles

A

Voluntary muscles can be controlled by our conscious thought

e.g. the muscles in our hands as we catch a ball.

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4
Q

How does the skeletal system affect your performance

A
  • supports your weight evenly so you can stand and move with ease
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5
Q

How does the muscular system affect your performance

A
  • controls your heartbeat and breathing

- helps digestion and allows movement

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6
Q

When a muscle shortens or lengthens it is known as

A

ISOTONIC CONTRACTION

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7
Q

When a agonist muscle shortens under tensions this is know as

A

CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION

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8
Q

When a muscle lengthens under tension this is known as

A

ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION

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9
Q

When a muscle contracts is either

A

Shortens, lengthens or stays the same

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10
Q

Skeletal system is made up of

A
  • Bones
  • ligaments
  • tendons
  • joints
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11
Q

Functions of the vertebral column

A
  • provides attachments to the muscles
  • supports the trunk
  • protects the spinal and the nerve cord
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12
Q

Different structure and function of joints

A
  • provides flexibility to the skeleton
  • provides stability to specific structures such as the skull and pelvis
  • directing the motion of bones
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13
Q

Concentric contractions

A
  • lifting a weight, a concentric contraction of the bicep would cause the arm to bend at the elbow, lifting weight to the shoulder
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14
Q

Eccentric contractions

A
  • the controlled lowering of a wight reading during the above contraction
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15
Q

Isometric contraction

A
  • During a bicep curl, holding the dumbbell in contact position rather than actively raising/ lowering it
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16
Q

Muscular system

A

Network of fibres that work together to create movement by contracting to extending

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17
Q

how many voluntary muscles are there

A

600 voluntary muscles in out body which makes up 40-50% of our weight

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18
Q

Joints are

A

A site where two or more bones come together

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19
Q

Fixed/ Fibrous joints

A
  • No movement at all
  • No joint cavity
  • Bones are half together by tough fibrous tissue
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20
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

slight movement

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21
Q

Synovial joint

A

freely moveable

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22
Q

Classification of joints

A
  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial
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23
Q

Muscles are attached to bones via

A

tendons

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24
Q

Movement occurs when

A

muscles shorten

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25
Q

Muscles responsible for the movement is called the

A

prime mover

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26
Q

muscles that opposes the movement is called the

A

antagonist

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27
Q

when muscles contract is either

A

shortens, lengthens or stays same

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28
Q

Skeletal/ voluntary muscles

A
  • Striped in appearance

- Full control over their use

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29
Q

Smooth/ involuntary muscles

A
  • smooth in appearance
  • works without us thinking
  • found in walls of internal organs
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30
Q

Skeletal muscles give

A
  • Shape. support to the body
  • Allows movement
  • Generates heart
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31
Q

Skeletal muscles type 1

A
  • (slow twitch)

- producing lower levels of speed and power

32
Q

Skeletal muscles type 2

A
  • (fast twitch)

- can contact quickly but have poor endurance capacity

33
Q

Human skeleton provides

A
  • Us with a complex framework of bones, joints and cartilage without which we could not stand upright or move
34
Q

how many bone in body

A

206

35
Q

bones divide into

A
  • axial

- appendicular skeleton

36
Q

Support

A
  • Provides shape/ support for the organs and tissues for the body
37
Q

protection

A

protection for internal organs

38
Q

movement

A

provides large surface area for muscles attachment and allows movement with the bones acting as levers

39
Q

storage

A

bones in the skeleton store important minerals- calcium

40
Q

blood cell production

A

new blood cells are formed in the red marrow of bone s

41
Q

Axial skeleton is made up of

A
  • Skull (cranial and facial bones)
  • ears
  • neck
  • back (vertebrae, sacrum and tailbone)
  • ribcage (sternum and ribs).
42
Q

Skull has how many bones

A

28 which are fused

43
Q

vertebral column has how many bones

A

33 bones called vertebrae

44
Q

sternum

A

commonly known as the bread is a flat bone which is at the front of the rib cage

45
Q

ribs

A
  • 12 pairs which join onto the vertebral column
  • 3 pairs attached
  • 2 unattached- floating ribs
46
Q

Appendicular skeleton is made up of

A
  • Shoulder girdle
  • Upper/lower limb
  • hip
47
Q

Shoulder girdle

A
  • two scapula (shoulder blades)

- two clavicles (collar bones)

48
Q

upper limb

A
  • made up of humerus ( upper arm bone)
  • radius/ulna (lower arm bone)
  • 8 carpal bones in wrist
  • 5 metacarpals in hand
  • 14 phalanges in fingers
49
Q

lower limb

A
  • legs made up of femur (thigh bone)
  • patella (knee cap)
  • tibia (shine bone)
  • 7 tarsals-foot
  • t metatarsals in foot
  • 14 phalanges in foot
50
Q

hip

A
  • 2 halves that are fused together

- bones that make up each side are ilium, ischium and pubis

51
Q

Speed

A

rate of change of distance

52
Q

velocity

A

rate of change of displacement

53
Q

acceleration

A

rate of change of velocity per unit of time

54
Q

Functions of the muscular system

A
  • Provides framework for your muscles and other soft tissue s
55
Q

Structure of muscular system

A
  • Composed of specialised cells called muscle fibres
56
Q

Biomechanical factors in body

A
  • Body position
  • Exertions
  • Forces
  • Motions
57
Q

1st law of motion

A
  • Law of inertia

- Tendancy of an object at rest to remain at rest or stay in motion unless acted on by an external force

58
Q

2nd law of motion

A
  • Law of acceleration
  • How quickly/ slowly the velocity of an object changes
    eg. golf
59
Q

3rd law of motion

A
  • Law of action/reaction
  • whenever one ob jet exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts equal and opposite force on the first object
    eg. base ball
60
Q

Levers

A

SImple machine consisting of a solid bar supported by a pivot point designed to help move a load on one end by applying effort on the other

61
Q

Levers 3 main parts

A
  • The load
  • The effort
  • The pivot point
62
Q

First class lever

A
  • Fulcrum is positioned between the resistance and the force
63
Q

Second class lever

A
  • Resistance is placed between the fulcrum and the force
64
Q

Third class lever

A
  • Force is placed between the fulcrum and the resistance
65
Q

Flexion

A

Bending a joint (close)

66
Q

Extension

A

Straightening a joint (open)

67
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline of the body

eg. jumping jacks

68
Q

Adduction

A

Movement towards the midline of the body

eg. breaststroke

69
Q

Circumduction

A

Limbs move in circle

eg. overarm tennis serve

70
Q

Vertabral column makes up

A

2/5 of the total height of the body

71
Q

Cervical

A

7 vertebrae

72
Q

Thoracic

A

12 vertebrae

73
Q

Lumbar

A

5 vertebrae

74
Q

Sacrum

A

5 fused vertebrae

75
Q

Coccyx

A

4 fused vertebrae

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