PDR FINALS Flashcards
Which of the following is an example of a diagnostic error?
a) Administering the wrong medication to a patient
b) Leaving a surgical instrument inside a patient’s body
c) Misinterpreting test results and providing an incorrect diagnosis
d) Failing to obtain informed consent from a patient
c) Misinterpreting test results and providing an incorrect diagnosis
Patient quality refers to:
a) The level of patient satisfaction
b) The overall health status of the patient
c) The degree of patient-centered care
d) The efficiency of healthcare processes
b) The overall health status of the patient
How should a healthcare provider handle a patient’s emotional response to bad news?
A) Provide reassurance
B) Allow the patient to express their emotions
C) Change the subject
D) Tell the patient to remain calm
B) Allow the patient to express their emotions
What is the primary purpose of informed consent?
a) To protect the physician from legal liability
b) To ensure the patient understands the risks and benefits of a proposed treatment
c) To limit the patient’s autonomy in decision-making
d) To expedite the consent process
b) To ensure the patient understands the risks and benefits of a proposed treatment.
Which of the following is a key component of a culture of safety?
a) Blaming individuals for errors
b) Discouraging open communication
c) Encouraging reporting of near misses
d) Minimizing staff training
c) Encouraging reporting of near misses.
Which of the following is NOT a key element of medical professionalism?
a) Integrity
b) Compassion
c) Collaboration
d) Profitability
d) Profitability.
Which of the following is an appropriate way to conclude a conversation about bad news in Nhealthcare?
A) End the conversation quickly
B) Provide the patient with resources and support
C) Avoid discussing next steps
D) Tell the patient to come back another time
B) Provide the patient with resources and support.
How should healthcare professionals approach the emotional reactions of patients when
delivering bad news?
a) Disregard emotions and focus on facts
b) Minimize emotional expression to maintain professionalism
c) Acknowledge and validate their emotions
d) Distract the patient from their emotions
c) Acknowledge and validate their emotions.
Which of the following is an ethical principle that is central to medical professionalism?
a) Autonomy
b) Beneficence
c) Non-maleficence
d) All of the above
d) All of the above.
What is the appropriate course of action when a physician makes a medical error?
a) Cover up the error to protect the physician’s reputation
b) Apologize to the patient and disclose the error
c) Blame the error on other healthcare providers
d) Ignore the error and hope it goes unnoticed
b) Apologize to the patient and disclose the error.
Patient satisfaction surveys are commonly used to measure:
a) Patient outcomes
b) Patient quality
c) Patient compliance
d) Patient engagement
b) Patient quality.
Who was Hippocrates?
a. A Greek philosopher
b. A Greek physician
c. A Greek mathematician
d. A Greek politician
b. A Greek physician.
Why is it important for healthcare professionals to practice self-care when delivering bad news?
a) To detach emotionally from patients’ experiences
b) To minimize the time spent with patients
c) To cope with the emotional impact of delivering bad news
d) To avoid forming professional relationships with patients
c) To cope with the emotional impact of delivering bad news.
What is the most important goal when delivering bad news to a patient in healthcare?
A) To deliver the news quickly
B) To provide reassurance
C) To be honest and clear
D) To avoid upsetting the patient
C) To be honest and clear.
Who is credited with the invention of the stethoscope?
A) René Laennec
B) William Harvey
C) Andreas Vesalius
D) Galen
A) René Laennec.
Which of the following is an example of a breach of patient confidentiality?
a) Discussing a patient’s case with a healthcare team during rounds
b) Sharing patient information with other healthcare providers involved in the patient’s care
c) Discussing a patient’s case with their family member with their consent
d) Sharing patient information with friends at a social gathering
d) Sharing patient information with friends at a social gathering.
Which of the following is an example of a patient safety measure?
a) Hand hygiene compliance
b) Patient wait times
c) Physician communication skills
d) Patient satisfaction ratings
a) Hand hygiene compliance.
Which of the following is a principle of the Hippocratic Oath?
a. To avoid socializing with patients
b. To avoid all forms of deception
c. To seek personal gain through medical practice
d. To prioritize the needs of the physician over the needs of the patient.
b. To avoid all forms of deception.
Which of the following is an example of cultural competence in medical professionalism?
a) Understanding the dietary restrictions of patients with certain religious beliefs
b) Refusing to provide care to patients who do not speak English
c) Encouraging patients to abandon their cultural beliefs in order to receive optimal care
d) All of the above
.
a) Understanding the dietary restrictions of patients with certain religious beliefs is an example
of cultural competence in medical professionalism
What is the appropriate way to respond to questions and concerns from patients when
delivering bad news?
a) Provide generic responses to avoid discussing specifics
b) Ignore questions and redirect the conversation
c) Provide honest and empathetic responses
d) Discourage patients from asking questions to prevent anxiety
c) Provide honest and empathetic responses
The concept of handwashing to prevent the spread of disease was introduced by:
a) Ignaz Semmelweis
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Joseph Lister
d) Florence Nightingale
a) Ignaz Semmelweis
How can healthcare professionals facilitate patient understanding when delivering bad news?
a) Use complex medical terminology to ensure accuracy
b) Speak quickly to convey information efficiently
c) Use visual aids and simple language to enhance comprehension
d) Provide limited information to avoid overwhelming the patient
c) Use visual aids and simple language to enhance comprehension
Which model involves ongoing care and interaction between a patient and a primary care
physician or specialist over an extended period?
a) Longitudinal relationship
b) Acute care relationship
c) Shared care relationship
d) Preventive care relationship
a) Longitudinal relationship
Which of the following situations allows for disclosure of patient information without consent?
a) Treatment purposes
b) Public health reporting
c) Court orders
d) All of the above
d) All of the above. The situations mentioned in a), b), and
c) allow for disclosure of patient
information without consent.
Patient engagement refers to:
a) The patient’s level of involvement in their healthcare
b) The healthcare provider’s enthusiasm for treating patients
c) The patient’s ability to pay for healthcare services
d) The patient’s adherence to medical recommendations
a) The patient’s level of involvement in their healthcare.
What is medical professionalism?
a. A set of attributes, behaviors, and responsibilities that define the values and expectations of
healthcare professionals
b. A medical specialty that focuses on professional development for physicians
c. A set of ethical standards for medical research
d. The ability to diagnose and treat medical conditions with high accuracy
a. A set of attributes, behaviors, and responsibilities that define the values and expectations of
healthcare professionals
What is an appropriate way to follow up with a patient after delivering bad news in healthcare?
A) Wait for the patient to contact you
B) Schedule a follow-up appointment
C) Provide the patient with resources and support
D) All of the above
C) Provide the patient with resources and support.
In the consumer PDR model, the patient is viewed as:
a) An active participant in decision-making
b) A passive recipient of medical advice
c) An authority figure making decisions for the physician
d) A dependent individual relying on the physician’s expertise
a) An active participant in decision-making
In the informative model of PDR, the physician’s role is primarily to
a) Make decisions on behalf of the patient
b) Educate and guide the patient
c) Interpret the patient’s values and preferences
d) Engage in extensive dialogue with the patient
b) Educate and guide the patient.
Which ancient Greek physician is known for his work on anatomy and for writing the book “On the Nature of the Human Body”?
A) Hippocrates
B) Galen
C) Aristotle
D) Herophilus
B) Galen
B) Galen
The PDR model that involves the physician providing all relevant medical information and the patient making decisions based on that information is called:
a) Paternalistic model
b) Informative model
c) Interpretive model
d) Deliberative model
b) Informative model
b) Informative model
Which model emphasizes understanding the patient’s unique context and tailoring medical recommendations accordingly?
a) Paternalistic model
b) Informative model
c) Interpretive model
d) Deliberative model
c) Interpretive model
Which of the following communication skills is crucial when delivering bad news?
a) Using technical jargon to convey information clearly
b) Rushing through the conversation to minimize discomfort
c) Providing honest and clear information
d) Avoiding eye contact to reduce patient distress
C) Providing honest and clear information is crucial when delivering bad news.
When can healthcare providers disclose patient information to a family member without consent?
a) When the patient is a minor
b) When the patient is incapacitated
c) When the patient has given permission
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Which of the following is an example of a patient-centered outcome measure?
a) Hospital-acquired infection rate
b) Mortality rate
c) Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)
d) Physician productivity
c) Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)
Which of the following is an example of a conflict of interest in medical practice?
a) A physician referring a patient to a specialist for further evaluation
b) A physician accepting a gift from a pharmaceutical company in exchange for prescribing their
products
c) A physician attending a medical conference to learn about new treatments
d) A physician collaborating with colleagues on a research study
b) A physician accepting a gift from a pharmaceutical company in exchange for prescribing their
products is an example of a conflict of interest in medical practice.
Who is often referred to as the “Father of Medicine”?
a) Hippocrates
b) Galen
c) Paracelsus
d) Louis Pasteur
a) Hippocrates
The first successful vaccine, which protected against smallpox, was developed by:
a) Edward Jenner
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Jonas Salk
d) Robert Koch
a) Edward Jenner
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of healthcare professionals?
a) Continuing education and professional development
b) Providing care only to patients who can pay for it
c) Advocating for the health needs of individual patients and populations
d) Participating in quality improvement initiatives
b) Providing care only to patients who can pay for it
The ancient Egyptian medical text known as the “Ebers Papyrus” dates back to which period
a) Classical period
b) Renaissance period
c) Ancient Egyptian period
d) Medieval period
c) Ancient Egyptian period
What is a “never event” in healthcare?
a) An event that should never happen in a healthcare setting
b) An event that can be easily prevented by healthcare professionals
c) An event that is only applicable to surgical procedures
d) An event that occurs due to patient negligence
a) An event that should never happen in a healthcare setting
Which of the following is NOT an example of maintaining professional boundaries in healthcare?
a) Engaging in romantic or sexual relationships with patients
b) Accepting gifts from patients that exceed a nominal value
c) Sharing personal information with patients that is unrelated to their care
d) All of the above
D) All of the above.
D) All of the above.
