PDHPE TASK 2

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

Motivation is a desire to achieve a goal
- it is an internal state that activates, directs and sustains behaviour towards achieving a particular goal
- it influences the amount of interest and effort an athlete gives

Question 2

Positive and negative motivation

Answer 2

Positive motivation comes from the desire to achieve the rewards of successful performance

Negative motivation comes from the desire to avoid penalties of an unsuccessful outcomes and is performance due to fear of consequences/failure.

Question 3

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Answer 3

Intrinsic motivation is internal motivation where athletes perform because of internal reasons such as personal enjoyment and satisfaction

Extrinsic motivation is external motivation where athletes are influenced by external factors such as rewards, coaches words, money and expectations

Question 4

Anxiety

Answer 4

Anxiety is predominantly a psychological process characterised by fear or apprehension in anticipation of confronting a situation perceived as potentially threatening.

Question 5

Trait and state anxiety

Answer 5

Trait anxiety is the general level of stress that is characteristic of an individual and varies depending on how individuals respond to stress.

State anxiety is more specific and is characterised by a state of heightened emotions that develop due to a circumstance/situation - A heightened presence of distress in response to a particular situation.

Question 6

Psychological strategy - concentration/attention skills (focusing)

Answer 6

Concentration is the ability of the athlete to suppress external distractions and focus on performance. It is more the athlete focusing on doing, rather than the outcome.

Question 7

Psychological strategy - mental rehearsal/visualisation/imagery

Answer 7

Mental rehearsal/visualisation/imagery is the technique of picturing the performance or skill before executing it.

Question 8

Psychological strategy - relaxation techniques

Answer 8

Relaxation techniques are a series of techniques which aim to control the body’s arousal and response to stress.

Common techniques include:
- mental relaxation
- music
- progressive muscular relaxation
- centred breathing
- mental rehearsal

Question 9

Psychological strategy - goal setting

Answer 9

Goals are targets that we direct our efforts towards and can either be performance or behaviour related and can be short and/or long term. Goal setting helps to improve an athletes motivation and enables them to measure progress