PDHPE Syllabus - Core 2: Factors Affecting Performance

Question 1

• energy systems (3)

Answer 1

• alactacid system (ATP/PC)
• lactic acid system
• aerobic system

Question 2

• types of training and training methods (4)

Answer 2

• aerobic (continuous, fartlek, aerobic interval, circuit)
• anaerobic (anaerobic interval).
• flexibility (dynamic, static, ballistic, PNF).
• strength training (free/fixed weights, elastic, hydraulic).

Question 3

• principles of training (6)

Answer 3

• progressive overload.
• specificity.
• reversibility.
• variety.
• training thresholds
• warm up and cool down.

Question 4

• physiological adaptations in response to training (6)

Answer 4

• resting heart rate
• stroke volume and cardiac output
• oxygen uptake and lung capacity
• haemoglobin level
• muscle hypertrophy
• fast/slow twitch muscle fibres.

Question 5

• motivation (2)

Answer 5

• positive and negative
• intrinsic and extrinsic

Question 6

• anxiety and arousal (3)

Answer 6

• trait and state anxiety
• sources of stress
• optimum arousal

Question 7

• psychological strategies to enhance motivation and manage anxiety (4)

Answer 7

• concentration/attention skills (focusing).
• mental rehearsal / visualisation / imagery
• relaxation techniques
• goal-setting.

Question 8

• nutritional considerations (3)

Answer 8

• pre-performance (carb loading).
• during performance.
• post performance.

Question 9

• supplementation (4)

Answer 9

• vitamins/minerals
• protein
• caffeine
• creatine products

Question 10

• recovery strategies (4)

Answer 10

• physiological strategies (e.g. cool down, hydration).
• neural strategies (e.g. hydrotherapy, massage).
• tissue damage strategies (e.g cryotherapy).
• psychological strategies (e.g. relaxation)

Question 11

• stages of skill acquisition (3)

Answer 11

• cognitive
• associative
• autonomous

Question 12

• the learning environment (4)

Answer 12

• nature of the skill (open, closed, gross, fine, discrete, serial, continuous, self-paced, externally paced).
• the performance elements (decision-making, strategic and tactical development).
• practice method (massed, distributed, whole, part).
• feedback (internal, external, concurrent, delayed, knowledge of results).

Question 12

• characteristics of the learner (5)

Answer 12

• personality
• heredity
• confidence
• prior experience
• ability

Question 13

• assessment of skill and performance (4)

Answer 13

• characteristics of skilled performers (kinaesthetic sense, anticipation, consistency, technique).
• objective and subjective performance measures.
• validity and reliability of tests.
• personal vs prescribed judging criteria.