PDHPE option 3: sports med Flashcards
WAYS TO CLASSIFY SPORTS INJURIES:
Direct
sustained through external force
WAYS TO CLASSIFY SPORTS INJURIES:
Indirect
sustained through internal force
WAYS TO CLASSIFY SPORTS INJURIES:
soft tissues
sprains, stain, tears, contusions (cork), abrasion/graze, laceration, blister.
WAYS TO CLASSIFY SPORTS INJURIES:
hard tissues.
fracture, dislocation and teeth injury.
WAYS TO CLASSIFY SPORTS INJURIES:
overuse.
sustained due to repetitive tasks.
WAYS TO CLASSIFY SPORTS INJURIES:
hard tissues - primary classifications.
simple (closed), compound (open), complicated.
WAYS TO CLASSIFY SPORTS INJURIES:
hard tissues - manage
immobilisation, using a split, stick, super (anything straight) to stop another body part moving that could be broken, fractured or dislocated.
MANAGEMENT OF SOFT TISSUE:
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevate, Referral.
TYPES OF SOFT TISSUE:
tears
damage to the muscle resulting in internal bleed/bruising. the healing process involves the inflammatory response.
TYPES OF SOFT TISSUE:
sprain
stretch or tear in ligament. signs and symptoms: swelling, loss of power, bruising and pain.
TYPES OF SOFT TISSUE:
contusion
damage to the muscle, resulting in internal bleeding/bruising
TYPES OF SOFT TISSUE:
skin abrasion
superficial skin damage
TYPES OF SOFT TISSUE:
laceration
irregular cut into tissue
TYPES OF SOFT TISSUE:
blister
natural response immediately following tissue damage
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE:
acute
usually lasts 48–72 hours, pain, swelling (causes stabilisation of the joint), redness, heat (due to blood pooling), loss of function.
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE:
repair
72 hours to six weeks, inflammation decreases, collagen replaces the damaged tissue, the structure is unorganised, production of scar tissue.
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE:
remodelling
Three weeks to 12 months (even two years), organising and uniformity of collagen takes
place, increased production of scar tissue.
HARD TISSUE INJURY:
fractures
disruption to the
continuity of the outer surface of a bon
HARD TISSUE INJURY:
dislocation
disruption of the alignment of bones within a joint
MANAGING HARD TISSUE INJURIES:
immobilisation
not moving injury, putting in a split or sling to prevent any further damage.
ASSESSMENT OF INJURIES:
Talk,
Observe,
Touch,
Active movement,
Passive movement,
Skills test.
CHILDREN AND YOUNG ATHLETES:
medical conditions-
Asthma,
Diabetes,
Epilepsy.
Overuse injuries (stress),
Thermoregulation,
Appropriateness of resistance training.
ADULT AND AGED ATHLETES:
Heart conditions,
Fracture/bone density,
Flexibility/joint mobility.
FEAMLE ATHLETES:
Eating disorders,
Iron deficiency,
Bone density,
Pregnancy.
PHYSICAL PREPARATIONS:
pre-screening
Pre-screening is an important preventative measure that should be performed prior to the commencement of the training program/season.
PHYSICAL PREPARATIONS:
skill & technique
Athletes with a superior technique and level of skill in their given sport are better able to participate in sport without adverse incidents.
PHYSICAL PREPARATIONS:
physical fitness
In order to be physically prepared for competition an athlete’s physical fitness needs to be at a level that can manage the demands of the competition. Physical fitness helps reduce injuries in sport and is specific to the sport.
PHYSICAL PREPARATIONS:
warm up
A warm up should prepare the body for the physical activity ahead. Whether it is a sport, general exercise or training, a warm up is important for safe participation.
PHYSICAL PREPARATIONS:
stretching
Stretching as part of a training program increases the athletes flexibility, which helps to prevent injury and promote wellbeing.
PHYSICAL PREPARATIONS:
warm up
An appropriate warm-up is designed to prepare the body for the high physical demands of participation in sport.
ENVIRONMENAL CONSIDERATONS:
temperature regulation-
Convention,
Radiation,
Conduction,
Evaporation.
ENVIRONMENAL CONSIDERATONS:
climatic conditions-
Temperature,
Humidity,
Wind,
Rain,
Altitude,
Pollution,
Guidelines for fund intake,
Acclimatisation.
TAPING AND BANDAGIING:
PREVENTATIVE TAPING-
reduce the incidence and recurrence of joint injuries.
TAPING AND BANDAGIING:
Taping for isolation of injury-
taping techniques for isolated injuries to certain joints. Taping of these injuries is designed to restrict movement into the extremes of range, thereby preventing exacerbation or re-injury with continued sporting involvement.
TAPING AND BANDAGIING:
bandaging for immediate treatment of injury-
Bandaging is more commonly utilised for the initial treatment of soft-tissue injuries for the purpose
of compression. Bandaging can support the area, reduce the amount of swelling and restrict the movement of the joint.
REHABILITATION PROCEDURES:
Progressive mobilisation
Progressive mobilisation involves the slowly graduated movement of the injured area into an increased range of movement until the full range of the joint movement is regained
REHABILITATION PROCEDURES:
Graduated exercise
Graduated exercise is used in rehabilitation to ensure exercise intensity and activities progress with healing and do not cause further injury. Graduated exercise refers to the gradual increase in range of motion, intensity, and activities to help ensure the athlete’s recovery is as pain free as possible.
REHABILITATION PROCEDURES:
Training
Training should be modified throughout the rehabilitation process to match the athlete’s current level of function.
REHABILITATION PROCEDURES:
Use of heat and cold
The use of heat increased blood flow, decreased pain, increased flexibility, decreased joint stiffness, increased tissue repair.
The use of cold is extensively promoted during the immediate “first aid” treatment of soft tissue injuries composing the ice section of RICER.
RETURN TO PLAY:
indicators of readiness to return to play-
Pain free,
Degree of mobility.
RETURN TO PLAY:
monitoring progress
This is usually done by comparing test results
RETURN TO PLAY:
psychological redness
Physical recovery is vital and must occur before an athlete returns to play, but if they are not psychologically ready then they should not return as this can lead to re-injury or further injury.
RETURN TO PLAY:
specific warm-up procedures
These warm up procedures are given in addition to the normal warm up, and can be done before or after the normal warm up. help to protect the athlete against re-injury by ensuring the area has an adequate blood supply and is ready for all that will come during competition.
RETURN TO PLAY:
return to play policy and procedure
These return to play policies and procedures need to be followed by coaches and athletes in order to promote player safety and wellbeing.
RETURN TO PLAY:
ethical considerations
Pressure to participate,
Use of painkillers allow an athlete to return to play is also associated with a greatly increased risk of recurrence or significant injury, as it inhibits the body’s natural protective pain mechanisms.
