Pdhpe: Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

tolerance is

A

decreased sensitivity to a drug after extended use

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2
Q

dependence is

A

reliance on a substance

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3
Q

stimulants are

A

drugs that increase the functioning of the central nervous system

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4
Q

depressants are

A

drugs that slow down the functioning of the central nervous system

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5
Q

withdrawal

A

the process of discontinuing the use of a drug

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6
Q

Abuse

A

overuse/misuse of a substance

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7
Q

hallucinogens

A

Drugs that alter an individual’s perception of reality

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8
Q

central nervous system

A

the main network of controlling the body (brain, nerves, spinal cord)

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9
Q

amphetamine

A

a synthetic stimulant that is addictive and mind-altering

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10
Q

Why do people take drugs?

A

Escapism from reality
Curiosity
Peer pressure
Addiction
Relaxation
To feel grown-up

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11
Q

Why don’t people take drugs?

A

Aware of the consequences
Expensive
Doesn’t feel a need to impress their peers

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12
Q

How long does it take for MDMA to come into affect? How long does it last?

A

The effects of ecstasy are usually felt about 20 minutes to an hour after it is taken and last for around 3-4 hours.

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13
Q

How long does it take to come down after taking MDMA? What happens to the individual?

A

Coming down from an ecstasy high can make people feel exhausted, anxious and insomnia. The comedown (or return to normal as the drug leaves the body) may last one to two days or up to a week.

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14
Q

Short term effects of MDMA

A

euphoria
accelerated heart rate and breathing
rise in blood pressure
sweating and dehydration
nausea
jaw clenching and teeth grinding
loss of appetite
hallucinations

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15
Q

Alternative names for MDMA

A

ecstasy
eccy
disco biscuits

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16
Q

What is MDMA?

A

an illicit drug that gives users a euphoric rush

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17
Q

What is GHB? What is it linked to?
What does it look and taste like?

A

a drug linked to date rape and sexual assaults (camouflaged in drinks, usually opaque and strong tasting).

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18
Q

Other names for GHB

A

G, GBH (grievous bodily harm), fantasy, liquid E

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19
Q

MDMA vs GHB

A

Unlike ecstasy, GHB is a depressant that has sedative (inducing sleep) and anaesthetic (induces insensitivity to pain) effects.

Not chemically related to MDMA

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20
Q

How long does it take for GHB to come into effect? How long can it last?

A

Starts 15-20 minutes after it’s taken and last up to four hours

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21
Q

What happens if GHB is used moderately? (Remember, it is a depressant)

A

relaxation
drowsiness
sociability
euphoria
lack of inhibition

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22
Q

What happens if GHB is used in high doses? (note that it is a depressant)

A

dizziness
loss of coordination (ataxia)
confusion, irritation and agitation
hallucinations
blackouts and memory lapses
seizures
coma
respiratory arrest (stopping breathing) and death.

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23
Q

methamphetamine is

A

a synthetic drug with more rapid and lasting effects than amphetamine, used illegally as a stimulant.

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24
Q

Ice is _________ that is linked to _____________. It looks like ______________, with ___ smell and _____ taste.

A

a a very addictive methamphetamine and is linked to chronic physical and mental health problems. They look like little crystals that look ice or a crystal-like powder, with a strong smell and bitter taste.

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25
Q

Names for ice

A

crystal meth
crystal

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26
Q

How long does the effects of ice last for? How long does it take to come down?

A

Ice produces an intense rush that lasts for hours. Coming down takes days.

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27
Q

Effects of ice when used short-term (stimulant)

A

dry mouth
sweating
repeating actions like scratching/itching
increased energy
rapid heart rate and breathing
nosebleeds and damage to the nasal passage (from snorting).

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28
Q

‘Coming down’ from ice can take several days and effects include:

A

difficulty sleeping
exhaustion
depression
irritability
paranoia, hallucinations and confusion

29
Q

People who use ice repeatedly can

A

get lung + heart problems, strokes

looking much older than they should
teeth badly damaged
unhealthily thin

30
Q

People who overdose on ice can have

A

heart palpitations, heart attack, fits and become unconscious

31
Q

What is cocaine? List appearance and taste.

A

Cocaine is a white powder with a bitter numbing taste

32
Q

Forms of cocaine

A

cocaine hydrochloride: mixed with other substances and snorted, injected, rubbed into gums or added to food and drink.
freebase & crack: usually smoked

33
Q

Other names for cocaine

A

coke, charlie, pepsi, blow, C, nose candy

crack cocaine is also called rock, base or sugar block

34
Q

Effects of cocaine

A

feelings of euphoria
accelerated heart rate
increase in body temperature, sweating
reduced appetite
increased libido

35
Q

Coming down from cocaine can result in

A

several days of anxiety, depression and exhaustion

36
Q

people who use cocaine regularly can

A

have fits
have kidney failure
have poor mental function
increased risk of getting infectious diseases via sharing needles

snorting can also damage the inside of the nose, destroying the septum (middle part) of the nose, leading to collapse of the nose.

37
Q

A cocaine overdose can cause

A

seizures or a stroke, leading to coma and death

38
Q

resilience is

A

the ability to recover quickly from difficulties

39
Q

stress is

A

a state of mental/emotional strain from demanding circumstances

40
Q

mental illness is

A

a condition which causes serious disorder in a person’s behavior or thinking.

41
Q

psychotic disorder

A

severe mental disorders that cause abnormal thinkings and perception

42
Q

psychologist

A

a person who specializes in the study of the mind/behaviour or in treatment of mental disorders

43
Q

depression

A

persistent sadness & lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities

44
Q

anxiety

A

excessive worry about everyday situations

45
Q

mental health

A

our emotional, psychological and social well-being

46
Q

stressor

A

something that causes stress

47
Q

counsellor

A

person trained to give guidance on psychological problems

48
Q

stigma

A

negative and unfair beliefs about something or a group

49
Q

mindfulness

A

maintaining awareness of our thoughts, feelings and surrounding environment

50
Q

What is Stage 1 of sleeping

A

occurs when first getting to sleep.
during this stage, muscles relax and individual enters a light sleep for >5 minutes

51
Q

What is Stage 2 of sleeping

A

brain waves begin to slow down. this lasts for 15-30 minutes

52
Q

Stage 3 and 4 of sleep

A

these stages are the deepest stages of sleep when the body repairs itself and replenishes cells and tissues.

53
Q

REM sleep is

A

also known as rapid eye movement, lasts for 10-25 minutes.
During REM sleep, the eyes dart around under the lids, breathing increases and becomes irregular and shallow. Heart rate and blood pressure also increases.

54
Q

REM sleep is

A

also known as rapid eye movement, lasts for 10-25 minutes.
During REM sleep, the eyes dart around under the lids, breathing increases and becomes irregular and shallow. Heart rate and blood pressure also increases.

55
Q

How is sleep related to mental and physical health?

A

Sleep directly impacts mental and physical health. Both too little and too much sleep can place the body under significant stress. Mental health illnesses can lead to unhealthy sleep patterns and unhealthy sleep patterns can lead to mental health illnesses.

56
Q

List some ways you can improve sleep when you wake up

A

have a set time for waking up and keep it consistent
don’t “make up for sleep” - sleep doesn’t work like that
go for a walk outside for fresh air

57
Q

List some ways you can improve sleep during the day

A

limit/avoid daytime naps
include physical activity in your day
pay attention to what you eat and drink
avoid caffeinated drinks, especially after 4 pm

58
Q

List some ways to improve sleep when you go to bed

A

have a set time
don’t go to bed: hungry; with a full bladder; too early; too late
wind down before bed

59
Q

How does physical activity provide mental benefits?

A

When you exercise, your body releases endorphins, a hormone that makes you feel happy. Additionally, exercising outside stimulates melatonin, a hormone that helps improve and regulate sleep patterns.

Knowing that sleep and staying relatively happy is crucial in mental health, we can conclude that physical activity does improve our mental wellbeing.

60
Q

List some mental benefits physical activity gives you

A

improved self-esteem
improved confidence
improved concentration
reduced stress
enhanced memory and learning
improved mental awareness

61
Q

A person’s mental health is extremely important for a healthy body and mind. A person with good mental health will usually have:

A

positive thoughts and emotions
resilience
ability to form and maintain healthy and positive relationships
balance between study, play and work
high self-confidence and self-esteem
flexibility to try and learn

62
Q

Substance abuse and mental illnesses: how are they related

A

People who abuse alcohol or drugs are more likely to develop mental illnesses. Likewise, people with mental illnesses are likely to develop substance use disorders. This is a vicious cycle shere each condition makes the other worse.

63
Q

Alcohol increases _______ (mental health)

A

the risk of depression and anxiety in some

64
Q

Why do people with mental illnesses abuse illicit drugs?

A

Substance abuse is often used to lessen the symptoms of mental illnesses and make them feel better in the short term.

65
Q

Who can I go to for help (mental health)?

A

GPs
counsellors
community care offices
residential care providers
psychiatrists
local mental welfare teams
family
trusted people

66
Q

Psychologist vs psychiatrist

A

psychologist: suggests ways to cope with mental illnesses
psychiatrist: trained as a medical doctor, can prescribe medication to help

67
Q

What type of information will a GP may need to know (mental health)?

A

sleep patterns, feelings, worries, what you have done recently, any drug use

68
Q

MindMatters overview

A

MindMatters promotes, prevents and does early intervention for mental health and wellbeing in Australian secondary schools.

They promote a positive environment that helps clients work towards positive mental health and wellbeing

69
Q

Beyond Blue overview

A

Beyond Blue provides 24/7 counselling for people affected by suicide. They promote mental health and wellbeing by being a trusted source of information. Through multiple strategies like these, Beyond Blue is working together to prevent suicide