PDHPE core 1

Question 1

definition of epidemiology

Answer 1

Study patterns and causes of disease and illness within a given pop…. Used to create/ Measures health status of a Popn.

Question 2

How does epidemiology help us

Answer 2

DETERMINES HOW FIUNDING WILL BE USED . This study improves health as this data enables decisions about health issues to be based on evidence.
Creates health status image - enabling them to analysis how health services are used \

Question 3

3 — what it shows

Answer 3

1. Identifies prevalence and incidence
2. Patterns
3. Measures which may reduce disease occurrence
4. Health status

Question 4

Who uses epi

Answer 4

Researches, govt (allocate funding), health department officials and medical practitioners = to identify health priority issues

Question 5

Does it measure everything

Answer 5

Effective to see health status
1. Doesn’t acc for health determinants
2. Doesn’t say how disease has impacted quality of life
Hence it is difficult to measure (+ mental health is too)
3. Fail to explain why inequities persist and hence variation in pop sub groups
4. Comorbidity - what all contributes
5. Varying reliability

Question 6

Methods of data collection

Answer 6

ABS, road and traffic authorities, workplace safety Australia, Australian national heart foundation

Question 7

Prevalence

Answer 7

No, of ppl in a popn. W a disease

Question 8

Incidence

Answer 8

No or proportion of new cases arising in a popn. Within.a given period.

Question 9

Measures of epidemiology — 4 health indicators that determine health status.

Answer 9

1. Morbidity —> disease or disability rates in a pop
2. Mortality —> no. Of people died in a given year
3. Infant mortality —> death rates for under 1y.o.
4. Life expectancy —> avg. no. Of years person is expected to live.

Question 10

Priority health issue

Answer 10

Improve for country to focus on to improve health of aussies. When determining priority health issue we consider epidemiology and spppc

Question 11

To identify priority health issue

Space People Pooped Pickles Consistently

Answer 11

1. Social justice principles
2. Priority population groups
3. Prevalence of a condition
4. Potential for prevention and intervention
5. Cost to individuals and community

Question 12

Social justice principle -

Answer 12

Principles which promote equity, diversity & supportive
“Decrease inequity
Promote inclusiveness of diversity
Establish environment that is supportive of all population”
Example - Medicare and PBS

Question 13

Medicare

Answer 13

Public healthcare for all Australians provided at no or little cost to individuals under Medicare insurance.

Question 14

Medicare safety net

Answer 14

Predetermined amount of money set by AU GOVT. for which med expenses are subsidies once an individual or family have incurred medical costs

Question 15

Equity

Answer 15

Resources allocated according to individual needs, with the desired goal of equality of outcomes. Hence priority pop groups receive more funding than others eg. ATSI

Question 16

Diversity

Answer 16

Australia is a multicultural country, hence needs measures in place to ensure each pop group within our diversity has access to healthcare. And hence achieve good health outcomes
Eg. brochures in diff languages + interpreters
= promote inclusiveness
Diversity of pop means — also low ses needs

Question 17

Supportive environments

Answer 17

Environments where people live, work and play that protect from threats + increase ability to make health promo choices.
Eg. illegal to smoke in dining areas, at swimming pools

Question 18

Priority pop groups

Answer 18

Groups achieving significantly poorer health outcomes, experiencing health inequities (determinants of health)
Eg. ATSO= Cultural 
Rural =limited access bc environment 
Elderly = age based 
Low SES= economically

Question 19

Cute overview

Answer 19

Though epidemiological data + priority health issues govt identifies these groups that need extra resources to remove gap in health outcomes —> implementation of social justice principles eg. Ppl should get equitable health —> health promotion strategies put in place.

Question 20

RFDS and 3 ways it increases health outcomes

Social justice example

Answer 20

Developed to increase health outcomes for rural and remote populations who have limited access to health facilities. Service aims to increase access to health services and H education through:
1. Aeromedical health services - Drs go in small planes to help
2. Doctor and med practitioner incentive programs - encourage to work in remote areas and then return to regular place of residency
= aims to increase access
3. Develop culturally diverse health services - trained doctors in this service under stand the specific needs of the populations.

Question 21

Prevalence of a condition

Answer 21

Used to see how many people affected.
Higher prevalence = greater health issue = pri. Issue
Eg. cancer, CVD
This is then identified as a priority health issue
.. burden of disease

Question 22

Burden of a disease

Answer 22

Estimated impact of disease on individual and community

Question 23

Potential for prevention and early intervention

Answer 23

When priority health issue is identified, it is essential that there is potential for prevention and early intervention.
- some issues more prevalent than others
Hence, for long term - those resources can be used elsewhere (on other issues).
- most health issues are caused by modifiable risk factors
Hence thru early I and prev. The burden of the disease can be lowered.

Question 24

Early intervention

Answer 24

Strategies enable