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Question 1

What is health promotion?

Answer 1

Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health. It involves actions that allow individuals to have greater power over their health, acknowledging that many determinants are difficult to change.

Question 2

How do alcohol and drugs like cannabis and ice affect driving performance?

Answer 2

Alcohol impairs judgment, slows reaction time, and reduces coordination. Cannabis affects concentration and reaction time, and ice (methamphetamine) can cause aggression, erratic driving, and risk-taking behavior.

Question 3

What are the impacts of unsafe driving on the individual, families, and the community?

Answer 3

Individual: Physical injury or death, emotional trauma, legal consequences.
Family: Grief, financial strain, emotional stress.
Community: Loss of valued members, increased healthcare costs, public safety concerns.

Question 4

Main causes of road trauma

Answer 4

The main causes are speeding, fatigue, alcohol, improper use of mobile phones, and failure to wear seatbelts.

Question 4

What are protective strategies to prevent road trauma?

Answer 4

Key strategies include enforcement of speed limits, random breath tests (RBT), anti-fatigue campaigns, and seatbelt usage campaigns.

Question 5

What are the laws regarding drug testing and penalties for driving under the influence?

Answer 5

Drivers are tested for drugs like alcohol, cannabis, and ice. Penalties include fines, license suspension, and possible imprisonment.

Question 6

What is the process for obtaining a driver’s license in NSW?

Answer 6

To obtain a learner’s license, you must be at least 16. You need to pass the Driver Knowledge Test (DKT), log a minimum of 120 hours of driving practice, and then pass the P1 driving test at age 17.

Question 7

What are the safety purposes of license restrictions for learner and provisional drivers?

Answer 7

Restrictions like zero BAC, speed limits, and prohibitions on driving turbocharged vehicles are to ensure the safety of inexperienced drivers and other road users.

Question 8

What are the conditions for P1 and P2 drivers regarding passengers?

Answer 8

P1 drivers are restricted to one passenger under 21 between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m., while P2 drivers have no restrictions unless they breach other conditions.

Question 9

What is an intimate relationship?

Answer 9

An intimate relationship is a close personal relationship involving frequent interaction, emotional attachment, affection, trust, respect, and commitment.

Question 10

What are the characteristics of a healthy relationship?

Answer 10

Healthy relationships are based on mutual respect, open communication, trust, and emotional support, with both partners feeling comfortable discussing feelings and needs.

Question 11

What are the characteristics of an unhealthy relationship?

Answer 11

Unhealthy relationships involve disrespect, lack of communication, jealousy, and discomfort in expressing feelings, often leading to frequent arguments or fights.

Question 12

What constitutes an abusive relationship?

Answer 12

Abusive relationships involve controlling behaviors, disrespect, fear, and emotional or physical harm, with one partner dominating the other through fear or coercion.

Question 12

What is consent in the context of relationships?

Answer 12

Consent is the willing and enthusiastic agreement to participate in a sexual activity. It must be given freely without pressure or manipulation, and the legal age of consent is 16 in most Australian states.

Question 13

What is the age of consent and what laws protect young people in relationships?

Answer 13

The age of consent is 16 in most states. Laws like the “similar age defense” and “special care” provisions protect young people from exploitation in relationships.

Question 14

What are the sources of power in relationships?

Answer 14

Power in relationships can come from authority, reward, punishment, knowledge, expertise, or charisma.

Question 15

What is sexual harassment?

Answer 15

Sexual harassment is any unwanted or inappropriate sexual behavior, including touching, jokes, comments, or showing offensive material. It can escalate to sexual assault.

Question 16

What is family, domestic, and sexual violence?

Answer 16

Family violence involves abusive behavior between family members, while domestic violence occurs between current or former intimate partners. Both include physical, sexual, and emotional abuse.

Question 17

Who is most at risk of family and domestic violence?

Answer 17

Those most at risk include women, children, and individuals in marginalized communities. Factors like dependency, power imbalances, and isolation increase vulnerability.

Question 18

What is the “Develop Personal Skills” sector of the Ottawa Charter, and how does it apply to road safety?

Answer 18

Develop Personal Skills” involves providing individuals with the knowledge, skills, and information they need to make informed decisions about their health. In road safety, this includes driver education programs, school-based road safety courses, and public awareness campaigns about safe driving practices (e.g., wearing seatbelts, obeying speed limits).

Question 19

What is the “Strengthen Community Action” sector of the Ottawa Charter, and how does it apply to road safety?

Answer 19

“Strengthen Community Action” involves mobilizing communities to take collective action on health issues. For road safety, this includes initiatives like community-led campaigns to promote safe driving, neighborhood watch programs for speed monitoring, and groups that advocate for safer local roads. An example is “Driver Reviver” stations, which are set up by volunteers to combat driver fatigue during long weekends.

Question 19

What is the “Create Supportive Environments” sector of the Ottawa Charter, and how does it apply to road safety?

Answer 19

Create Supportive Environments” aims to create surroundings that promote safe and healthy behaviors. For road safety, this could include designing safer roads with better signage, speed cameras, traffic calming measures, and pedestrian-friendly zones. Examples include building more roundabouts to reduce high-speed collisions or creating bike lanes to support cyclist safety.

Question 20

What is the “Reorient Health Services” sector of the Ottawa Charter, and how does it apply to road safety?

Answer 20

“Reorient Health Services” involves shifting the focus of health services from treating illness to preventing it. In road safety, this includes integrating road safety advice into routine healthcare consultations (e.g., doctors discussing the dangers of drunk driving or fatigue) and partnerships between health and transport sectors to run preventative campaigns like random breath testing (RBT) to reduce drink-driving incidents.

Question 21

What is the “Build Healthy Public Policy” sector of the Ottawa Charter, and how does it apply to road safety?

Answer 21

Build Healthy Public Policy” focuses on legislation and policies that promote health and prevent harm. In road safety, examples include laws that mandate seatbelt use, enforce speed limits, and regulate the legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit for drivers. Policies like compulsory helmet laws for cyclists or graduated licensing systems for young drivers are also part of this sector.