PDH Flashcards
What makes up a respectful relationship?
Accepting, respectful, safe, equal…
What’s sex and what is it made up of?
Made up of anatomical, chromosomal and hormonal - can change over lifetime, identified male, female or intersex at birth
What’s sexuality?
Sexual and romantic attraction to others - infinite ways to define a person’s sexuality
What’s sexually fluid?
Somone not fixed to an identity
What’s gender?
Inner sense of oneself – man, woman, neither, both, moving around inside and outside gender binary
What’s the meaning of LGBTQIA+?
Meaning - changed overtime & still change. + means anything other than lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex and asexual
What are gender pronouns and why is it important?
He, she, they. Important - feels really bad if misgendered, it’s like undermining them and people hate it.
What’s sexual activity?
Many forms of sexual activity - think carefully & talk to the other person beforehand. Should be enjoyable for both.
What’s consent?
When both agree to engage in sexual activity while not under influence of drugs, alcohol and not coerced
When is consent legal?
Only valid and legal when both are 16. One can say no and take away consent at anytime.
What’s FRIES
Freely given, reversible, informed, enthusiastic, specific
What’s reasonable person test?
Asking a reasonable person if they think a person’s response is reasonable or not or can they give consent or not
How does pregnancy happen?
Testes get into the uterus and find an egg. Turn the egg into implanted fertilized egg and it stays in the uterus for 10 months until a baby is born.
What are physical barriers
Prevents STI’s e.g. condom (male & female) and diaphragm
What are hormonal barriers?
Change hormones to prevent pregnancy e.g. vaginal ring, POP, the pill…
What is IUD & Emergency Contraception?
Such as hormonal IUD, copper IUD and ECP can immediately prevent pregnancy.
What are examples of natural & other contraception methods?
Such as sterilisation, withdrawal, abstinence and fertility awareness methods
What are the pros and cons of condoms?
Pro: Easily accessible, reduces risk of STI’s
Con: can break, non-reduce
What are the pros and cons of vaginal ring?
Pro: don’t need to take pill everyday
Con: might fall out, hard to put in and don’t prevent STI’s
What are the pros and cons of POP?
Pro: most women can take
Con: Don’t prevent STI’s
What are the pros and cons of Hormonal IUD?
Pro: last for 5 years
Con: wall of uterus can be damaged
What are the pros and cons of withdrawal?
Pro: cost-effective
Con: doesn’t prevent STI’s
What are the pros and cons of abstinence?
Pro: prevent STI’s
Con: may want to have sex
What are pap smears?
A medical test to look for any problems (cancer and precancer) with a girl’s cervix
What is HPV?
Human Papilloma Virus, most common type of STI’s. Usually have no symptoms and goes away by itself but some can cause serious illness
What’s UTI?
A bacterial infection, treatable with oral antibiotics and going to the bathroom after sex helps decrease the chance. It is not a type of STI’s
What’s thrush?
A very common infection when too much yeast grow in the bowel. It is easily treatable and the earlier the better. Not a type of STI’s
What’s Emergency Contraceptive Pill (ECP)?
Can use after having unwanted sex or didn’t use contraception methods. Take within 72 hours and prevent 85% unwanted pregnancies
When should you take another ECP?
If vomited within 2 hours of taking the pill then should take another one and should be the last option to choose
What are STI’s?
Sexually transmitted infection, quite common and can be life threatening or can cause infertility if is untreated. Do not put off, most are easy to cure and the earlier the better
What are some examples of STI’s?
Syphilis, Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea, Genital Herpes, HIV…
What is syphilis caused by and how to test and treat it?
Cause by bacteria, test with blood test and treat with antibiotic injections
What is chlamydia caused by and how to test and treat it?
Cause by bacteria, test with urine, swab test and treat with antibiotic - 1 dose a day
What is gonorrhoea caused by and how to test and treat it?
Cause by bacteria, test with urine, swab test and treat with antibiotic injections
What are the symptoms of syphilis?
Painless sore, fever, red rash, sore throat…different symptoms for different stages
What are the symptoms of syphilis?
Painless sore, fever, red rash, sore throat…different symptoms for different stages
What are the symptoms of chlamydia?
Painful urination, vaginal discharge for women, discharge from the penis in men
What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?
Abnormal vaginal discharge, painful urination but mostly no symptoms
What is hymen?
A thin layer of skin that have little holes for menstrual flows and can be torn or stretched open with penetration. It’s found about half an inch inside the vagina.
What’s virginity?
When someone haven’t had their definition of sex before
What does it mean by losing your virginity?
It means when someone had their definition of sex for the first time, nothing is really lost
Why is virginity a damaging social construct?
- Excludes other experiences
- ‘Big deal’ about being the ‘last virgin’ left
- Violates women, right to privacy
- Can be upsetting to some women due to it being out of their control
What is pornography literacy
Printed to visual material containing the explicit description or display of sexual organs or activity, intended to stimulate sexual excitement.
What unrealistic expectations does porn create?
Everyone has different shapes and sizes. More hair in real life – doesn’t have hair in porn. Penis isn’t as long in real life. Sex and organs are made to look better/prettier
What challenges do unrealistic expectations create?
Create confusion when having sex as everyone is different and high expectations for others
Why does teen pregnancy happen?
It’s one possible consequence that could happen when engaged in sexual activity.
What would happen if someone has teen pregnancy?
Many sacrifices and responsibilities needed – may face difficulties (judgements, schooling, hormones change, mental & physical risks…)
What are the options for unwanted pregnancy?
Abortion – when you empty the contents of the uterus by a procedure (surgery) or medication.
What is the pro and con of (surgery) abortion?
Pro: would only take 15 mins and only need to stay in hospital for 4 hours after.
Con: expensive and can damage the walls of uterus permanently
How do image-based abuse and bullying happen?
When intimate, nude or sexual images are distributed without consent of those people in the picture
What would happen when image-based abuse and bullying happen?
One in ten Australians have experienced it and there can be consequences as it is illegal.
How do you report image-based abuse and bullying?
You can report to the esafety, ask friends and family for help and can go to people who you trust
Define: Drug
A substance that alter body functions, physically or mentally, can have different effects if taken with other drugs/alcohol
Define: Legal drugs
Such as alcohol, caffeine and nicotine are legal but may have restrictions.
Define: Illegal drugs
Such as cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine - not subjected to quality, price control or the amount of active ingredients
How can drugs be taken?
Swallowing, breathing, snorting, injection and through the skin
What are the 3 types of drugs?
Depressants, Hallucinogens and Stimulants
How can alcohol have an effect on mental health?
It is a depressant drug - that slows down your body, changes the chemical in your body, impacts decision-making…
What are the short term effect of alcohol?
- Impaired decision making
- Impaired coordination and memory
What are the long term effect of alcohol?
- High blood pressure
- Heart disease
- Dependence
What are the short term effect of ketamine?
- Problems with attention
- Hallucination
- Raised blood pressure
What are the long term effect of ketamine?
- Ulcers and pain in bladder
- Kidney problems
- Depression
What are the short term effect of cocaine?
- Dilated pupils
- Higher blood pressure, heartbeat and breathing
What are the long term effect of cocaine?
- Anxiety, paranoia, psychosis
- Irregular heartbeat
What are the short term effect of MDMA?
- Increased heart rate and blood pressure
- Chills or sweating
- rise in body temperature
What are the long term effect of MDMA?
- long lasting confusion
- impacts memory, attention & sleep
- increase anxiety
What are the short term effect of cannabis?
- drowsiness
- slower reaction time
- Impaired balance & coordination
What are the long term effect of cannabis?
- Chronic cough
- Respiratory infection
Look at term 2 PDH summary for polydrug uses.
OKKKK
What are the indivual impacts of drug use?
Personality, previous experience, health, emotional state, physical health, mood, physical size, mental
What are the enviormental impacts of drug use?
Where, when, time of day, supervision, with whom is it used with
What are the drug impacts of drug use?
Strength of substance, type of drug, how much, how often, how is it used
Define: Binge drinking
Drinking heavily in short period of time resulting in immediate and severe intoxication
Define: Standard drink
Drinking only the amount that contains 10g of pure alcohol
Define: BAC
Short for blood alcohol concentration, used for breath tests
What are the effects of withdrawal from caffine
- Headache
- Marked fatigue or drowsiness
- Nausea
- Anxiety/irritability
- Sweating
- Dysphoric, depressed mood or irritability
- Difficulty concentrating
- Flu-like symptoms
What are some safety plans for before emergencies?
- Leave location with others
- Plan number of drinks
- Eat/drink before drinking
- Have a plan to go home
- Buddy system – take someone with you
- Charge your phone
- Bring your own drinks
- Pre-arrange time to go home
What are some safety plans for present emergencies?
- Drink water between drinks
- Trust your guts
- Don’t accept drinks from others
- Don’t leave drink unattended
- Stay in location you’ve given people
- Designated driver
- Leave location if something happens
- Call someone to leave if something happens
What are some safety plans for future emergencies?
- ECP
- Counsellor/therapist
- Report to police
- Support networks
- Trusted adults
- Check in with friends
What is DRSABCD?
Danger
Response
Send for help
Airway
Breathing
CPR
Defibrillation
What is vaping?
Deliver nicotine and/or other chemicals via an aerosol vapour
What are some facts about vaping?
- Most contain a battery, a liquid cartridge and a vaporisation system
- The device heats a flavoured liquid that often contains nicotine
- Can be disposable or reusable
- Over the past three years with increase use with one in five students aged 16-17
What is the ‘Responsible Service of Alcohol’?
The foundation that qualifies you to sell, serve or supply liquor
What are short term effects for caffine?
- Feel more alert and active
- Restlessness, excitability and dizziness
- Anxiety and irritability
- Dehydration and needing to urinate more often
- Higher body temperature
- Faster breathing and heart rate
- Headache and lack of concentration
- Stomach pains
What are long term effects for caffine?
- Regular, heavy use of caffeine
- Anxiety
- Difficulty sleeping
- Ulcers
- Osteoporosis post-menopausal women
- Irritability and ringing in ears
- Muscle tremor
- Weakness and fatigue
- Rapid heart rate and quickened breathing rate
- Poor appetite, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea
- Increase thirst, frequent urination or increased urine volume
- Irregular heart rate or rhythm
- Low blood pressure with faintness or falls
- Seizures, confusion or delirium
What is What Ability? Who does it provide support to?
- Provide support for people with disability from age 4 to 64 to have fun in the community
- Provide one to one activity activities
- Most support workers are semi-professional athletes
What is Minus 18? Who does it provide support to?
- Provide support for LGBTQIA+ youth
- Provide a safe place and promote social inclusion in LGBTQIA+ youth
- Run campaigns and workshops in schools and other places
What is Dignity? Who does it provide support to?
- Provide support for people who is at the risk of being homeless
- Access to meal, clothes, temporary accommodation and long term housing and employment program for hundreds of people
What is The Healing Foundation? Who does it provide support to?
- Provide support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders – stolen generations
- Works with Aboriginal communities to address ongoing trauma caused by the ‘Stolen Generation’
- Provides a range of activities for ATSI families
What is NASCA? Who does it provide support to?
- Provide support for aboriginal and indigenous people – ATSI and their families
- Providing education through sports, engaging youth and encourages physical health
What is Athlete Ally? Who does it provide support to?
- Provide support for the LGBQIA+ community
- Educate communities, provide a dedicated curriculum for coaches and sporting department
- Worked to put pressure on sporting governing bodies
What is Orange Sky? Who does it provide support to?
- Provide for homeless individual
- Focus on community through laundry and dry service
- Have volunteers that are listeners and allow for conversations
Who are the spectators booing?
- Booing at Adam Goodes – the opposite team
When do the spectators boo?
- When Adam Goodes gets the ball or get near the ball or scored
How does the booing affect the game?
- Lost significantly – quite negatively impacts
- Affect the teamwork in the team
How does Adam Goodes respond to the booing?
- Continues to stand up by his identity
What do the umpires do about the booing?
- They didn’t do anything helpful
- Kept the game going on
- Didn’t address or help Goodes with the booing
How does the booing makes you feel?
- Feel bad for Adam Goodes
How long does the booing last?
- Ended when he retired
- From 2013 to 2015
Why are the spectators booing?
- They didn’t want him to play well or get the ball
Define: Sportsmanship
The understanding of and commitment to fair play, ethical behaviour, integrity and good will to an opponent
Define: Direct Racism
When someone is clearly treating a person differently because of their race
Define: Indirect Racism
When a policy, practice rule is in place and applies to everyone in the same way but disadvantage certain people
What’s an example of direct racism?
A person is not hired for a job purely because of their race or ethnicity
What’s an example of indirect racism?
Company states that all employees must not be wearing hats or headwear at work. This could disadvantage someone from certain racial or religious backgrounds.
Define: Institutional racism
When organizations or government have systems and habits in place that treat people differently on the ground of race.
What’s an example of institutional racism?
Doctors only speak English – hard for people who doesn’t know or is bad at English
How’s Caster Semenya being discriminated?
- Have to take hormone-lowering agents or have to have surgery to compete
- Assumed she was XY just by appearance
- Defined into male range-hormone
- Confuses sex with gender
- Prevented her from completing in some races
- Based on inadequate science
- Discriminates against some forms of hyperandrogenism
What’s FINA
- Have a designated team that looks to develop an open category for people that doesn’t fit traditionally
- They ensured they create the same opportunities for all athletes
- FINA made sure that past records weren’t broken unfairly
- They encourage all individuals to complete at an elite level that’s fair
- They sets up a generation where they no need to concern which category they fit in
- A new ‘opened’ category would have a positive effect on individuals that does not fit with the traditional male/female
- Can open a new category such as intersex…
What are the New Gender Policies in Australia?
- Currently have polices for AFL, soccer, rowing, tennis, cricket, netball…etc
- Many are still developing their gender policies
- Tennis:
- Help promoting positive messages and examples around LGBTQ inclusion for sport and recreation programs
- Recently announced vision 2025, which highlights increased focus for organisation in Inclusion and Diversity
Statistics on disability in Australia
- 1 in 6 estimated to have disability
- 2 in 3 <65 saw a medical specialist last year
- 96% live in private dwellings
- 340, 000 are active NDIS participants
- 1 in 10 aged 15+ experienced disability discrimination
- 43% aged 15-64 receive government payment as main income
- 53% aged 15-64 are participating in labour force
- 9 in 10 school aged children with disability goes to school
What does disability employment look like?
- Less access to work opportunities
- More likely to live in poverty
- Often do not receive the healthcare service they need
What is the Rising Phoenix?
- A documentary about Paralympics
- Showed many different types of people who were disabled and how they ended up playing sports
- Showed from the start how Paralympics started until now, the changes that have been made
