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Question 1

The key point is that manufacturing ———– to the materail by changing its shape or properties.

Answer 1

adds value

Question 2

What is the category of these industries ?
Agriculture
Forestry
Fishing
Livestock
Quarries
Minning
Petroleum

Answer 2

Primary Industries

Question 3

What is the category of these industries ?
Aerospace
Automative
Electronics
Textiles
Paper
Food processing
Heavy machinery

Answer 3

Secondary Industires

Question 4

What is the category of these industries ?
Banking
Communications
Education
Healt and Medical
Hotel
Repair and maintance
Tourism

Answer 4

Tertiary(Service)

Question 5

———- are products purchased directly by consumers.

Answer 5

consumer goods

Question 6

——— are those purchased by companies to produce goods and/or provide services.

Answer 6

capital goods(buying for making money)

Question 7

What is the example of consumer goods ?

Answer 7

personal computers , TVs, tires and tennis racket

Question 8

What is the example of capital goods ?

Answer 8

aircraft , communication equipment , medical apparatus

truckes and buses , machine tools.

Question 9

generally associated with

formation of molecules

Answer 9

Primary bonds

Question 10

generally associated with

attraction between molecules

Answer 10

Secondary bonds

Question 11

What is the types of Primary bonds ?

Answer 11

Ionic
Covalent
Metallic

Question 12

What is the type of following bond ?
-- Atoms of one element 
give up their outer 
electron(s), which are in 
turn attracted to atoms of 
some other element to 
increase electron count 
in the outermost shell to 
eight

Answer 12

Ionic Bonding

Question 13

What is the type of following bond ?
-- Electrons are shared 
(as opposed to 
transferred) between 
atoms in their outermost 
shells to achieve a 
stable set of eight

Answer 13

Covalent Bonding

Question 14

What is the type of following bond ?
-- Sharing of outer shell 
electrons by all atoms to 
form a general electron 
cloud that permeates the 
entire block

Answer 14

Metallic Bonding

Question 15

What is the type of following bond ?
 No transfer or sharing of electrons 
 Bonds are weaker than primary bonds
 Three forms: 
1. Dipole forces
2. London forces
3. Hydrogen bonding

Answer 15

Secondary Bonds

Question 16

What is the type of following bond ?
– Arise in a molecule comprised of two atoms with
equal and opposite electrical charges

Answer 16

Dipole Forces

Question 17

What is the type of following bond ?
– Attractive force between non-polar molecules, i.e.,
atoms in molecule do not form dipoles

Answer 17

London Forces

Question 18

What is the type of following bond ?
– Occurs in molecules containing hydrogen atoms
covalently bonded to another atom (e.g., H2O)

Answer 18

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 19

What is the type of following structure ?
– Structure in which atoms are located at regular and
recurring positions in three dimensions

Answer 19

Crystalline Structure

Question 20

Fill the blank.
– _____ basic geometric grouping of atoms that
is repeated

Answer 20

Unit cell

Question 21

Determine the types of structure for following material.

1. Chromium, Iron, Molybdenum, Tungsten
2. Aluminum, Copper, Gold, Lead, Silver, Nickel
3. Magnesium, Titanium, Zinc

Answer 21

1. Body-centered cubic (BCC)
2. Face-centered cubic (FCC)
3. Hexagonal close-packed (HCP)

Question 22

Types of defects:

1. ___
2. ___
3. ___

Answer 22

1. Point Defects
2. Line Defects
3. Surface Defects

Question 23

Determine the type of following defects.
– _______ Imperfections in crystal structure involving either a
single atom or a small number of atoms

Answer 23

Point Defects

Question 24

Determine the type of following defects.
– Connected group of point defects that forms a line in
the lattice structure
Most important line defect is a dislocation, which can
take two forms:
Edge dislocation
Screw dislocation

Answer 24

Line Defects

Question 25

Determine the type of following defects.
– Edge of an extra plane of atoms that exists in the
lattice

Answer 25

Edge Dislocation

Question 26

Determine the type of following defects.
-- Spiral within the 
lattice structure 
wrapped around an 
imperfection line, 
like a screw is 
wrapped around its 
axis

Answer 26

Screw Dislocation

Question 27

Fill the blank.
– A block of metal may contain millions of individual
crystals, called grains
Such a structure is called____

Answer 27

polycrystalline

**Each grain has its own unique lattice orientation
** But collectively, the grains are randomly oriented in
the block

Question 28

Fill the blank.

– Water and air have _____ structures

Answer 28

noncrystalline

** Glass, Many plastics , Rubber.

Question 29

Summary: Characteristics of
Ceramics
Most ceramics have crystalline structures, while glass
(SiO2
) is amorphous
Molecules characterized by ionic or covalent bonding,
or both
Properties: high hardness and stiffness, electrically
insulating, refractory, and chemically inert.

Answer 29

Summary: Characteristics of
Polymers
Many repeating mers in molecule held together by
covalent bonding
Polymers usually carbon plus one or more other
elements: H, N, O, and Cl
Amorphous (glassy) structure or mixture of amorphous
and crystalline
Properties: low density, high electrical resistivity, low
thermal conductivity, strength and stiffness vary widely