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Block7 > PDA CNS Stim > Flashcards

PDA CNS Stim Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of caffeine?

A

methylxanthinem=, similar to purines

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2
Q

What is hte mechanism of action of caffeine?

A

competitive antagonist of adenosine receptors produce IPSPs; presynaptic adenosine receptors inhibit glutamate;
caffeine inhibits these inhibitory effects

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3
Q

At higher doses what does caffeine do?

A

inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase; results in increase of cAMP

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4
Q

How does caffeine work as a CNS stimulant?

A

increased alertness
decrease fatigue and drowsiness
can cause nervousness, restlesness and tremors
high doses can stim medullary respiratory and CV centers; can get tachycardia

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5
Q

What are the peripheral effects of caffeine?

A

positive ionotropic and chronotropic effects
dilates coronary and systemic blood vessels; constricts cerebral blood vessels
diuressis
increase gastric secretion
modest bronchodilation

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6
Q

What are the toxicity and consequences of chronic use?

A

tolerance, overdose results in excess CNS stim
physical dependence
withdrawal symptoms

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7
Q

What are the sympathomimetic stimulants; act through enhancement of catecholaminergic

A

amphetamines, cocaine, etc

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8
Q

Mechanism of action of cocaine?

A

potent inhibitor of the reuptake of norepi, dopamine, and serotonin
binds to transporter itself
increase activity of tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases
local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor

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9
Q

Cocaine causes waht in addicts?

A

profound psychological dependence as well as physical dependence

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10
Q

What is the structure of amphetamine and metamphetamine?

A

weak bases, absorbed orally, metabolized to benzoic acid
long half life
similar structurally to norepi

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11
Q

What is the mech of action of amphetamine?

A

relase NE, DA and 5HT
block reuptake of those
partial agonist of alpha receptors
MAO inhibitor at high doses

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12
Q

What are the clinical uses of amphetamine?

A

tx narcolepsy and ADHD

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13
Q

Side effects of amphetamine?

A

insomnia, abdominal pain, anorexia, suppression of growth, facial tic, high body temperature

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14
Q

What are the toxic effects of amphetamines and mehtylphenidates?

A 
restlessness, dizziness, tremor
psychosis
neurtoxicity
meth mouth
abuse liability
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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of nicotine?

A

agonist of nicotinic cholinergic recpetors
neuromuscular junction; initally activates muscle contraction
autonomic ganglia
parasympathetic GI effects

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16
Q

How quickly does tolerance ot nictonie occur?

A

very rapidly within a few hours

17
Q

Nicotine withdrawal symptoms include what?

A 
irritability
anxiety
depression
difficulty concentration
incresased appetite
18
Q

What is unique about alcohol?

A

not potent at all; one dose is about 14 grams

19
Q

How is alcohol metabolized?

A

ADH, CYP2E1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase

20
Q

How many molecules of NADH do you use per consumption of one molecule of ETOH?

A

2 molecules of NADH

21
Q

Mixed function oxidase system metabolizes alcohol in who?

A

chronic alcoholics

22
Q

What drug blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase?

A

disulfiram

23
Q

What are some consequences of alcohl metabolism?

A

increased NADH, inhibiton of TCA cycle, reduced fatty acid oxidation
increased acetaldehyde
depletion of glutathione

24
Q

Metabolic changes in alcoholics results in what?

A

fatty liver
hepatic inflammation
induction of CYP2E1

25
Q

What are the CNS effects of ethanol?

A

several ion channels are sensitivie to the presence of ethanol
GABAa receptor-ligand chloride channel
disturbs balance between excitatory and inhibitory

26
Q

Chronic ethanol liver and GI effects are what?

A 
Hep C often co-morbid
steatosis: fatty liver
cirrhosis
gastritis, pancreatitis, malabsorption
chronic diarrhea
cancers
27
Q

Chronic ethanol on CNS system is what?

A

tolerance occurs; adaptive neruonal changes
Up regulates the excitatory transmission to compensate
both psychological and physical dependence occurs

28
Q

How frequently does alcohol addiction occur?

A

5-10% of men and 3-5% of women

29
Q

What is the neurtoxicity of alchol?

A 
neuralgia
memory impairment
thiamine deficiency associated with chronic alchol use can produce
cerebellar/cerbral atrophy
wericke's encephalopathy
korsakoffs syndrom
30
Q

What are the tetraogenic effects?

A

Associated with chronic maternal alcohol abuse

FAS

31
Q

What is the general lethal level of ethanol?

A

400 mg/dl=12 liters

32
Q

How does one treat alcohol withdrawal?

A

prevent seizures, deliurium and arrythmias

subsititues for alcohol

Block7 (10 decks)

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