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Emma - Physical Diagnosis > PD - lower limb/back > Flashcards

PD - lower limb/back Flashcards

1
Q

Valgus stress test

A

MCL

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2
Q

Varus stress

A

LCL

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3
Q

Anterior drawer/Lachman

A

ACL

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4
Q

Posterior drawer

A

PCL

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5
Q

McMurray

A

Medial/lateral meniscus

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6
Q

Patellar apprehension

A

Knee fully extended. Move patella laterally and medially

Patellar subluxation/dislocation

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7
Q

Most likely location for disc herniation?

A

L5/S1
S1 –> difficulty with plantar flexion, sensation loss of lateral calcaneus and foot

L4/L5
L5 –> difficulty with big toe dorsiflexion, sensation loss of dorsal of foot

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8
Q

L1 nerve root

myotome, dermatome, reflex

A

myotome: hip flexion
dermatome: anterior lateral thigh
no reflex

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9
Q

L2 nerve root

myotome, dermatome, reflex

A

myotome: hip flexion and adduction
dermatome: anterior medial thigh
reflex: patella tendon

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10
Q

L3 nerve root

myotome, dermatome, reflex

A

myotome: knee extension
dermatome: distal medial thigh and knee
reflex: patella tendon

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11
Q

L4 nerve root

myotome, dermatome, reflex

A

myotome: ankle dorsiflexion
dermatome: medial malleolus
reflex: patella tendon

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12
Q

L5 nerve root

myotome, dermatome, reflex

A

myotome: toe extension (great toe)
dermatome: lateral leg and dorsum of foot
no reflex

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13
Q

S1 nerve root

myotome, dermatome, reflex

A

myotome: ankle plantar flexion and eversion
dermatome: lateral calcaneus and foot
reflex: achilles tendon

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14
Q

Faber test

A

flex, ABduct, externally rotate
supine, flex knee, foot on opposite knee

pain ipsilateral hip = pathology of hip joint

pain opposite in buttock region –> sacroiliac joint pathology

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15
Q

Patrick’s test

A

flex, ABduct, externally rotate
supine, flex knee, foot on opposite knee
PUSH DOWN

pain –> pathology of sacroiliac joint

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16
Q

Thompson test

A

Achilles tendon test

pt prone, squeeze calf –> should platarflex foot

17
Q

straight leg raising

A

sciatica

pt supine, flex thigh at hip (w/ knee in extension)

+ if pain radiating all the way down to foot

18
Q

crossed straight leg

A

sciatica
(due to herniated disc/space-occupying lesion in lumbar spine)

pt supine, raise leg opposite of painful leg

19
Q

nuchal/kernig/brudzinski tests

A

meningeal irritation tests

20
Q

Adams forward bend test

A

scoliosis

21
Q

hoover test

A

tests for effort
pt supine, ask to raise weak leg, should feel a downward force applied to opposite leg
if no downward force –> possible malingering

22
Q

S2-S4

A

anus dermatome

anal wink reflex

23
Q

grading of strength

A

5 – Normal: Complete range of motion against gravity with full resistance
4 – Good: Complete range of motion against gravity with some resistance
3 – Fair: Complete range of motion against gravity
2 – Poor: Complete range of motion with gravity eliminated
1 – Trace: Evidence of muscle contraction, but no joint motion
0 – Zero: No evidence of muscle contractility

24
Q

peripheral nerve distributions…

Saphenous nerve –
Peroneal nerve –
Sural nerve –

A

Saphenous nerve – medial foot
Peroneal nerve – dorsum of foot
Sural nerve – lateral foot

25
Q

Posterior aspect of cervical spine

A
  • Occiput
  • Inion (protuberance at base of skull)
  • Superior nuchal line (on the external surface of the occipital bone)
  • Spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae
  • Prominence of the 7th cervical vertebra
26
Q

normal hip flexion

A

0-120

27
Q

3/5 strength?

A

complete range of motion against gravity

28
Q

Order of musculoskeletal exam of knee

A 
inspection
palpation
range of motion
muscle strength tests
integrated function tests
special tests
29
Q

patellar reflex is an example of which kind of test…

A

integrated function test

30
Q

Which is not on lateral aspect of foot/ankle?
a.
Cuboid Bone

b.	 Navicular Bone

c.	 5th Metatarsal

d.	 Anterior Talofibular Ligament
A

navicular –> medial

31
Q

achilles reflex tests which nerve roots?

A

S1-S2

32
Q

primary neck flexor

A

sternocleidomastoid

33
Q

biceps reflex mainly involves which nerve root

A

C5

34
Q

foot drop –> lesion compressing which nerve root?

A

L4

35
Q

T or F

Brudzinski’s test –> ask the patient to lie supine, then flex one leg at the hip and knee. Extend the knee to elicit pain or resistance, a sign of meningeal irritation.

A

No, that is Kernig’s.

Brudzinski –> pt supine, flex pt’s neck, if pt lifts legs off bed to reduce pain –> meningismus is present

36
Q

The Straight Leg Raise Test is positive if

A

The Straight Leg Raise Test is positive if passively raising (flexing) the straightened leg causes sharp pain to shoot down the leg to the foot/toe

37
Q

kernig

A

for meningeal irritation
pt supine, flex thigh and leg, extend knee

+sign is pain w/ knee extension

K= think KNEE

38
Q

hoover test

A

pt supine, ask to raise weak leg

if no downward force of other leg –> possible malingering

39
Q

L1-L3

A

sensation

inguinal ligament to patellar ligament

Emma - Physical Diagnosis (12 decks)

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