PD Genes

Question 1

KCNA3

Answer 1

GENE NAME:
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 3.

DESCRIPTION:
Mediates the voltage-dependent potassium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a potassium-selective channel through which potassium ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient.

Question 2

PEX11B

Answer 2

GENE NAME:
peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11 beta.

DESCRIPTION:
Involved in peroxisomal proliferation (PubMed:9792670). May regulate peroxisome division by recruiting the dynamin-related GTPase DNM1L to the peroxisomal membrane (PubMed:12618434). Promotes membrane protrusion and elongation on the peroxisomal surface (PubMed:20826455). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12618434, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20826455, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9792670}.

Question 3

ATF6

Answer 3

GENE NAME:
activating transcription factor 6.

DESCRIPTION:
[Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha]: Precursor of the transcription factor form (Processed cyclic AMP- dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha), which is embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (PubMed:10564271, PubMed:11158310, PubMed:11779464). Endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes processing of this form, releasing the transcription factor form that translocates into the nucleus, where it activates transcription of genes involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) (PubMed:10564271, PubMed:11158310, PubMed:11779464). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10564271, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11158310, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11779464}.
[Processed cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha]: Transcription factor that initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR) during endoplasmic reticulum stress by activating transcription of genes involved in the UPR (PubMed:10564271, PubMed:11163209, PubMed:11158310, PubMed:11779464). Binds DNA on the 5’-CCAC[GA]-3’half of the ER stress response element (ERSE) (5’-CCAAT- N(9)-CCAC[GA]-3’) and of ERSE II (5’-ATTGG-N-CCACG-3’) (PubMed:10564271, PubMed:11158310, PubMed:11779464). Binding to ERSE requires binding of NF-Y to ERSE. Could also be involved in activation of transcription by the serum response factor (PubMed:10564271, PubMed:11158310, PubMed:11779464). May play a role in foveal development and cone function in the retina (PubMed:26029869). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10564271, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11158310, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11163209, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11779464, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26029869}.

Question 4

ETNK2

Answer 4

GENE NAME:
ethanolamine kinase 2.

DESCRIPTION:
Highly specific for ethanolamine phosphorylation. Does not have choline kinase activity (By similarity). .

Question 5

NUCKS1

Answer 5

GENE NAME:
nuclear casein kinase and cyclin dependent kinase substrate 1.

DESCRIPTION:
Chromatin-associated protein involved in DNA repair by promoting homologous recombination (HR) (PubMed:26323318). Binds double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and secondary DNA structures, such as D- loop structures, but with less affinity than RAD51AP1 (PubMed:26323318). .

Question 6

FCGR2A

Answer 6

GENE NAME:
Fc gamma receptor IIa.

DESCRIPTION:
Binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulins gamma. Low affinity receptor. By binding to IgG it initiates cellular responses against pathogens and soluble antigens. Promotes phagocytosis of opsonized antigens. .

Question 7

KCNS3

Answer 7

GENE NAME:
potassium voltage-gated channel modifier subfamily S member 3.

DESCRIPTION:
Potassium channel subunit that does not form functional channels by itself. Can form functional heterotetrameric channels with KCNB1; modulates the delayed rectifier voltage-gated potassium channel activation and deactivation rates of KCNB1 (PubMed:10484328). Heterotetrameric channel activity formed with KCNB1 show increased current amplitude with the threshold for action potential activation shifted towards more negative values in hypoxic-treated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (By similarity). .

Question 8

STK39

Answer 8

GENE NAME:
serine/threonine kinase 39.

DESCRIPTION:
Effector serine/threonine-protein kinase component of the WNK-SPAK/OSR1 kinase cascade, which is involved in various processes, such as ion transport, response to hypertonic stress and blood pressure (PubMed:16669787, PubMed:18270262, PubMed:21321328, PubMed:34289367). Specifically recognizes and binds proteins with a RFXV motif (PubMed:16669787, PubMed:21321328). Acts downstream of WNK kinases (WNK1, WNK2, WNK3 or WNK4): following activation by WNK kinases, catalyzes phosphorylation of ion cotransporters, such as SLC12A1/NKCC2, SLC12A2/NKCC1, SLC12A3/NCC, SLC12A5/KCC2 or SLC12A6/KCC3, regulating their activity (PubMed:21321328). Mediates regulatory volume increase in response to hyperosmotic stress by catalyzing phosphorylation of ion cotransporters SLC12A1/NKCC2, SLC12A2/NKCC1 and SLC12A6/KCC3 downstream of WNK1 and WNK3 kinases (PubMed:12740379, PubMed:16669787, PubMed:21321328). Phosphorylation of Na-K-Cl cotransporters SLC12A2/NKCC1 and SLC12A2/NKCC1 promote their activation and ion influx; simultaneously, phosphorylation of K-Cl cotransporters SLC12A5/KCC2 and SLC12A6/KCC3 inhibit their activity, blocking ion efflux (PubMed:16669787, PubMed:19665974, PubMed:21321328). Acts as a regulator of NaCl reabsorption in the distal nephron by mediating phosphorylation and activation of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter SLC12A3/NCC in distal convoluted tubule cells of kidney downstream of WNK4 (PubMed:18270262). Mediates the inhibition of SLC4A4, SLC26A6 as well as CFTR activities (By similarity). Phosphorylates RELT (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Z1W9, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12740379, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16669787, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18270262, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19665974, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21321328, ECO:0000269|PubMed:34289367}.

Question 9

IL1R2

Answer 9

GENE NAME:
interleukin 1 receptor type 2.

DESCRIPTION:
Non-signaling receptor for IL1A, IL1B and IL1RN. Reduces IL1B activities. Serves as a decoy receptor by competitive binding to IL1B and preventing its binding to IL1R1. Also modulates cellular response through non-signaling association with IL1RAP after binding to IL1B. IL1R2 (membrane and secreted forms) preferentially binds IL1B and poorly IL1A and IL1RN. The secreted IL1R2 recruits secreted IL1RAP with high affinity; this complex formation may be the dominant mechanism for neutralization of IL1B by secreted/soluble receptors. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10975853, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12530978, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7989776, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9862719}.

Question 10

KPNA1

Answer 10

GENE NAME:
karyopherin subunit alpha 1.

DESCRIPTION:
Functions in nuclear protein import as an adapter protein for nuclear receptor KPNB1 (PubMed:7892216, PubMed:8692858, PubMed:27713473). Binds specifically and directly to substrates containing either a simple or bipartite NLS motif (PubMed:7892216, PubMed:8692858, PubMed:27713473). Docking of the importin/substrate complex to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is mediated by KPNB1 through binding to nucleoporin FxFG repeats and the complex is subsequently translocated through the pore by an energy requiring, Ran-dependent mechanism (PubMed:7892216, PubMed:27713473). At the nucleoplasmic side of the NPC, Ran binds to importin-beta and the three components separate and importin-alpha and -beta are re-exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where GTP hydrolysis releases Ran from importin (PubMed:7892216). The directionality of nuclear import is thought to be conferred by an asymmetric distribution of the GTP- and GDP-bound forms of Ran between the cytoplasm and nucleus (PubMed:7892216). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27713473, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7892216, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8692858}.
(Microbial infection) In vitro, mediates the nuclear import of human cytomegalovirus UL84 by recognizing a non-classical NLS. .

Question 11

NCKIPSD

Answer 11

GENE NAME:
NCK interacting protein with SH3 domain.

DESCRIPTION:
Has an important role in stress fiber formation induced by active diaphanous protein homolog 1 (DRF1). Induces microspike formation, in vivo (By similarity). In vitro, stimulates N-WASP-induced ARP2/3 complex activation in the absence of CDC42 (By similarity). May play an important role in the maintenance of sarcomeres and/or in the assembly of myofibrils into sarcomeres. Implicated in regulation of actin polymerization and cell adhesion. Plays a role in angiogenesis. .

Question 12

SATB1

Answer 12

GENE NAME:
SATB homeobox 1.

DESCRIPTION:
Crucial silencing factor contributing to the initiation of X inactivation mediated by Xist RNA that occurs during embryogenesis and in lymphoma (By similarity). Binds to DNA at special AT-rich sequences, the consensus SATB1-binding sequence (CSBS), at nuclear matrix- or scaffold-associated regions. Thought to recognize the sugar-phosphate structure of double-stranded DNA. Transcriptional repressor controlling nuclear and viral gene expression in a phosphorylated and acetylated status-dependent manner, by binding to matrix attachment regions (MARs) of DNA and inducing a local chromatin-loop remodeling. Acts as a docking site for several chromatin remodeling enzymes (e.g. PML at the MHC-I locus) and also by recruiting corepressors (HDACs) or coactivators (HATs) directly to promoters and enhancers. Modulates genes that are essential in the maturation of the immune T-cell CD8SP from thymocytes. Required for the switching of fetal globin species, and beta- and gamma-globin genes regulation during erythroid differentiation. Plays a role in chromatin organization and nuclear architecture during apoptosis. Interacts with the unique region (UR) of cytomegalovirus (CMV). Alu-like motifs and SATB1-binding sites provide a unique chromatin context which seems preferentially targeted by the HIV-1 integration machinery. Moreover, HIV-1 Tat may overcome SATB1- mediated repression of IL2 and IL2RA (interleukin) in T-cells by binding to the same domain than HDAC1. Delineates specific epigenetic modifications at target gene loci, directly up-regulating metastasis- associated genes while down-regulating tumor-suppressor genes. Reprograms chromatin organization and the transcription profiles of breast tumors to promote growth and metastasis. Promotes neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells in the adult subventricular zone, possibly by positively regulating the expression of NEUROD1 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q60611, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10595394, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11463840, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12374985, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12692553, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1505028, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15618465, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15713622, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16377216, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16630892, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17173041, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17376900, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18337816, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19103759, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19247486, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19332023, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19430959, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33513338, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9111059, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9548713}.

Question 13

CLCN3

Answer 13

GENE NAME:
chloride voltage-gated channel 3.

DESCRIPTION:
[Isoform 1]: Strongly outwardly rectifying, electrogenic H(+)/Cl(-)exchanger which mediates the exchange of chloride ions against protons (By similarity). The CLC channel family contains both chloride channels and proton-coupled anion transporters that exchange chloride or another anion for protons (PubMed:29845874). The presence of conserved gating glutamate residues is typical for family members that function as antiporters (PubMed:29845874). .
[Isoform 2]: Strongly outwardly rectifying, electrogenic H(+)/Cl(-)exchanger which mediates the exchange of chloride ions against protons. .

Question 14

KLHL8

Answer 14

GENE NAME:
kelch like family member 8.

DESCRIPTION:
Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex required for The BCR(KLHL8) ubiquitin ligase complex mediates ubiquitination and degradation of RAPSN. .

Question 15

SNCA

Answer 15

GENE NAME:
synuclein alpha.

DESCRIPTION:
Neuronal protein that plays several roles in synaptic activity such as regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking and subsequent neurotransmitter release (PubMed:28288128, PubMed:30404828, PubMed:20798282, PubMed:26442590). Participates as a monomer in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by enhancing vesicle priming, fusion and dilation of exocytotic fusion pores (PubMed:28288128, PubMed:30404828). Mechanistically, acts by increasing local Ca(2+) release from microdomains which is essential for the enhancement of ATP-induced exocytosis (PubMed:30404828). Acts also as a molecular chaperone in its multimeric membrane-bound state, assisting in the folding of synaptic fusion components called SNAREs (Soluble NSF Attachment Protein REceptors) at presynaptic plasma membrane in conjunction with cysteine string protein-alpha/DNAJC5 (PubMed:20798282). This chaperone activity is important to sustain normal SNARE-complex assembly during aging (PubMed:20798282). Also plays a role in the regulation of the dopamine neurotransmission by associating with the dopamine transporter (DAT1) and thereby modulating its activity (PubMed:26442590). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20798282, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26442590, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28288128, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30404828}.

Question 16

CD38

Answer 16

GENE NAME:
CD38 molecule.

DESCRIPTION:
Synthesizes cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a second messenger for glucose-induced insulin secretion (PubMed:8253715, PubMed:7961800). Synthesizes the Ca(2+) mobilizer nicotinate-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NAADP(+), from 2’-phospho-cADPR and nicotinic acid, as well as from NADP(+) and nicotinic acid. At both pH 5.0 and pH 7.4 preferentially transforms 2’-phospho-cADPR into NAADP(+), while preferentially cleaving NADP(+) to cADPR and ADPRP rather than into NADDP(+) (PubMed:16690024). Has cADPR hydrolase activity (PubMed:8253715, PubMed:7961800). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16690024, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7961800, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8253715}.

Question 17

SCARB2

Answer 17

GENE NAME:
scavenger receptor class B member 2.

DESCRIPTION:
Acts as a lysosomal receptor for glucosylceramidase (GBA1) targeting. .
(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for enterovirus 71. .

Question 18

ELOVL7

Answer 18

GENE NAME:
ELOVL fatty acid elongase 7.

DESCRIPTION:
Catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction of the four reactions that constitute the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) per cycle. Condensing enzyme with higher activity toward C18 acyl-CoAs, especially C18:3(n-3) acyl-CoAs and C18:3(n-6)-CoAs. Also active toward C20:4-, C18:0-, C18:1-, C18:2- and C16:0-CoAs, and weakly toward C20:0-CoA. Little or no activity toward C22:0-, C24:0-, or C26:0-CoAs. May participate in the production of saturated and polyunsaturated VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_03207, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19826053, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20937905, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21959040, ECO:0000269|PubMed:34117479}.

Question 19

REEP2

Answer 19

GENE NAME:
receptor accessory protein 2.

DESCRIPTION:
Required for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network formation, shaping and remodeling. May enhance the cell surface expression of odorant receptors (By similarity). {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24388663}.

Question 20

RPS12

Answer 20

GENE NAME:
ribosomal protein S12.

DESCRIPTION:
Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, first precursor of the small eukaryotic ribosomal subunit. During the assembly of the SSU processome in the nucleolus, many ribosome biogenesis factors, an RNA chaperone and ribosomal proteins associate with the nascent pre- rRNA and work in concert to generate RNA folding, modifications, rearrangements and cleavage as well as targeted degradation of pre- ribosomal RNA by the RNA exosome (PubMed:34516797). Subunit of the 40S ribosomal complex (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P80455, ECO:0000269|PubMed:34516797}.

Question 21

FYN

Answer 21

GENE NAME:
FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase.

DESCRIPTION:
Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays a role in many biological processes including regulation of cell growth and survival, cell adhesion, integrin-mediated signaling, cytoskeletal remodeling, cell motility, immune response and axon guidance. Inactive FYN is phosphorylated on its C-terminal tail within the catalytic domain. Following activation by PKA, the protein subsequently associates with PTK2/FAK1, allowing PTK2/FAK1 phosphorylation, activation and targeting to focal adhesions. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and motility through phosphorylation of CTNNB1 (beta- catenin) and CTNND1 (delta-catenin). Regulates cytoskeletal remodeling by phosphorylating several proteins including the actin regulator WAS and the microtubule-associated proteins MAP2 and MAPT. Promotes cell survival by phosphorylating AGAP2/PIKE-A and preventing its apoptotic cleavage. Participates in signal transduction pathways that regulate the integrity of the glomerular slit diaphragm (an essential part of the glomerular filter of the kidney) by phosphorylating several slit diaphragm components including NPHS1, KIRREL1 and TRPC6. Plays a role in neural processes by phosphorylating DPYSL2, a multifunctional adapter protein within the central nervous system, ARHGAP32, a regulator for Rho family GTPases implicated in various neural functions, and SNCA, a small pre-synaptic protein. Participates in the downstream signaling pathways that lead to T-cell differentiation and proliferation following T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Phosphorylates PTK2B/PYK2 in response to T-cell receptor activation. Also participates in negative feedback regulation of TCR signaling through phosphorylation of PAG1, thereby promoting interaction between PAG1 and CSK and recruitment of CSK to lipid rafts. CSK maintains LCK and FYN in an inactive form. Promotes CD28-induced phosphorylation of VAV1. In mast cells, phosphorylates CLNK after activation of immunoglobulin epsilon receptor signaling (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P39688, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11005864, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11162638, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11536198, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12788081, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14707117, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14761972, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15536091, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15557120, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16387660, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16841086, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17194753, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18056706, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18258597, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19179337, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19652227, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20028775, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20100835, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22080863, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7568038, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7822789}.

Question 22

HLA-DQB1

Answer 22

GENE NAME:
major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1.

DESCRIPTION:
Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal microenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.

Question 23

KLHL7

Answer 23

GENE NAME:
kelch like family member 7.

DESCRIPTION:
Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. The BCR(KLHL7) complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of substrate proteins. Probably mediates ‘Lys-48’-linked ubiquitination. .

Question 24

GPNMB

Answer 24

GENE NAME:
glycoprotein nmb.

DESCRIPTION:
Could be a melanogenic enzyme. .

Question 25

SORBS3

Answer 25

GENE NAME:
sorbin and SH3 domain containing 3.

DESCRIPTION:
Vinexin alpha isoform promotes up-regulation of actin stress fiber formation. Vinexin beta isoform plays a role in cell spreading and enhances the activation of JNK/SAPK in response to EGF stimulation by using its third SH3 domain.

Question 26

PDLIM2

Answer 26

GENE NAME:
PDZ and LIM domain 2.

DESCRIPTION:
Probable adapter protein located at the actin cytoskeleton that promotes cell attachment. Necessary for the migratory capacity of epithelial cells. Overexpression enhances cell adhesion to collagen and fibronectin and suppresses anchorage independent growth. May contribute to tumor cell migratory capacity. .

Question 27

COL22A1

Answer 27

GENE NAME:
collagen type XXII alpha 1 chain.

DESCRIPTION:
Acts as a cell adhesion ligand for skin epithelial cells and fibroblasts.

Question 28

GAS1

Answer 28

GENE NAME:
growth arrest specific 1.

DESCRIPTION:
Specific growth arrest protein involved in growth suppression. Blocks entry to S phase. Prevents cycling of normal and transformed cells. Binds 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol (20(S)-OHC) (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q01721, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8127893}.

Question 29

IFT74

Answer 29

GENE NAME:
intraflagellar transport 74.

DESCRIPTION:
Component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B: together with IFT81, forms a tubulin-binding module that specifically mediates transport of tubulin within the cilium (PubMed:23990561). Binds beta-tubulin via its basic region (PubMed:23990561). Required for ciliogenesis (PubMed:23990561). Essential for flagellogenesis during spermatogenesis (PubMed:33689014). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23990561, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33689014}.

Question 30

FAM171A1

Answer 30

GENE NAME:
family with sequence similarity 171 member A1.

DESCRIPTION:
Involved in the regulation of the cytoskeletal dynamics, plays a role in actin stress fiber formation. .

Question 31

GPAM

Answer 31

GENE NAME:
glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial.

DESCRIPTION:
Esterifies acyl-group from acyl-ACP to the sn-1 position of glycerol-3-phosphate, an essential step in glycerolipids biosynthesis such as triglycerides, phosphatidic acids and lysophosphatidic acids. .

Question 32

INPP5F

Answer 32

GENE NAME:
inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase F.

DESCRIPTION:
Inositol 4-phosphatase which mainly acts on phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. May be functionally linked to OCRL, which converts phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to phosphatidylinositol, for a sequential dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate at the 5 and 4 position of inositol, thus playing an important role in the endocytic recycling (PubMed:25869669). Regulator of TF:TFRC and integrins recycling pathway, is also involved in cell migration mechanisms (PubMed:25869669). Modulates AKT/GSK3B pathway by decreasing AKT and GSK3B phosphorylation (PubMed:17322895). Negatively regulates STAT3 signaling pathway through inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus (PubMed:25476455). Functionally important modulator of cardiac myocyte size and of the cardiac response to stress (By similarity). May play a role as negative regulator of axon regeneration after central nervous system injuries (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8CDA1, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17322895, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25476455, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25869669}.

Question 33

BAG3

Answer 33

GENE NAME:
BAG cochaperone 3.

DESCRIPTION:
Co-chaperone for HSP70 and HSC70 chaperone proteins. Acts as a nucleotide-exchange factor (NEF) promoting the release of ADP from the HSP70 and HSC70 proteins thereby triggering client/substrate protein release. Nucleotide release is mediated via its binding to the nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of HSPA8/HSC70 where as the substrate release is mediated via its binding to the substrate-binding domain (SBD) of HSPA8/HSC70 (PubMed:9873016, PubMed:27474739). Has anti- apoptotic activity (PubMed:10597216). Plays a role in the HSF1 nucleocytoplasmic transport (PubMed:26159920). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10597216, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24318877, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26159920, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27474739, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9873016}.

Question 34

DLG2

Answer 34

GENE NAME:
discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 2.

DESCRIPTION:
Required for perception of chronic pain through NMDA receptor signaling. Regulates surface expression of NMDA receptors in dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord. Interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of NMDA receptor subunits as well as inward rectifying potassium channels. Involved in regulation of synaptic stability at cholinergic synapses. Part of the postsynaptic protein scaffold of excitatory synapses (By similarity). .

Question 35

TUT1

Answer 35

GENE NAME:
terminal uridylyl transferase 1, U6 snRNA-specific.

DESCRIPTION:
Poly(A) polymerase that creates the 3’-poly(A) tail of specific pre-mRNAs (PubMed:18288197, PubMed:21102410). Localizes to nuclear speckles together with PIP5K1A and mediates polyadenylation of a select set of mRNAs, such as HMOX1 (PubMed:18288197). In addition to polyadenylation, it is also required for the 3’-end cleavage of pre- mRNAs: binds to the 3’UTR of targeted pre-mRNAs and promotes the recruitment and assembly of the CPSF complex on the 3’UTR of pre-mRNAs (PubMed:21102410). In addition to adenylyltransferase activity, also has uridylyltransferase activity (PubMed:16790842, PubMed:18288197, PubMed:28589955). However, the ATP ratio is higher than UTP in cells, suggesting that it functions primarily as a poly(A) polymerase (PubMed:18288197). Acts as a specific terminal uridylyltransferase for U6 snRNA in vitro: responsible for a controlled elongation reaction that results in the restoration of the four 3’-terminal UMP-residues found in newly transcribed U6 snRNA (PubMed:16790842, PubMed:18288197, PubMed:28589955). Not involved in replication-dependent histone mRNA degradation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16790842, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18288197, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21102410, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28589955}.

Question 36

CCDC62

Answer 36

GENE NAME:
coiled-coil domain containing 62.

DESCRIPTION:
Nuclear receptor coactivator that can enhance preferentially estrogen receptors ESR1 and ESR2 transactivation. Modulates also progesterone/PGR, glucocorticoid/NR3C1 and androgen/AR receptors transactivation, although at lower level; little effect on vitamin D receptor/VDR. Required for normal spermiogenesis. It probably plays a role in acrosome formation (By similarity). .

Question 37

LRRK2

Answer 37

GENE NAME:
leucine rich repeat kinase 2.

DESCRIPTION:
Serine/threonine-protein kinase which phosphorylates a broad range of proteins involved in multiple processes such as neuronal plasticity, innate immunity, autophagy, and vesicle trafficking (PubMed:20949042, PubMed:22012985, PubMed:26824392, PubMed:27830463, PubMed:29125462, PubMed:28720718, PubMed:29127255, PubMed:30398148, PubMed:29212815, PubMed:30635421, PubMed:21850687, PubMed:23395371, PubMed:17114044, PubMed:24687852, PubMed:26014385, PubMed:25201882). Is a key regulator of RAB GTPases by regulating the GTP/GDP exchange and interaction partners of RABs through phosphorylation (PubMed:26824392, PubMed:28720718, PubMed:29127255, PubMed:30398148, PubMed:29212815, PubMed:29125462, PubMed:30635421). Phosphorylates RAB3A, RAB3B, RAB3C, RAB3D, RAB5A, RAB5B, RAB5C, RAB8A, RAB8B, RAB10, RAB12, RAB35, and RAB43 (PubMed:26824392, PubMed:28720718, PubMed:29127255, PubMed:30398148, PubMed:29212815, PubMed:29125462, PubMed:30635421, PubMed:23395371). Regulates the RAB3IP-catalyzed GDP/GTP exchange for RAB8A through the phosphorylation of ‘Thr-72’ on RAB8A (PubMed:26824392). Inhibits the interaction between RAB8A and GDI1 and/or GDI2 by phosphorylating ‘Thr-72’ on RAB8A (PubMed:26824392). Regulates primary ciliogenesis through phosphorylation of RAB8A and RAB10, which promotes SHH signaling in the brain (PubMed:29125462, PubMed:30398148). Together with RAB29, plays a role in the retrograde trafficking pathway for recycling proteins, such as mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR), between lysosomes and the Golgi apparatus in a retromer-dependent manner (PubMed:23395371). Regulates neuronal process morphology in the intact central nervous system (CNS) (PubMed:17114044). Plays a role in synaptic vesicle trafficking (PubMed:24687852). Plays an important role in recruiting SEC16A to endoplasmic reticulum exit sites (ERES) and in regulating ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport and ERES organization (PubMed:25201882). Positively regulates autophagy through a calcium-dependent activation of the CaMKK/AMPK signaling pathway (PubMed:22012985). The process involves activation of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) receptors, increase in lysosomal pH, and calcium release from lysosomes (PubMed:22012985). Phosphorylates PRDX3 (PubMed:21850687). By phosphorylating APP on ‘Thr-743’, which promotes the production and the nuclear translocation of the APP intracellular domain (AICD), regulates dopaminergic neuron apoptosis (PubMed:28720718). Acts as a positive regulator of innate immunity by mediating phosphorylation of RIPK2 downstream of NOD1 and NOD2, thereby enhancing RIPK2 activation (PubMed:27830463). Independent of its kinase activity, inhibits the proteasomal degradation of MAPT, thus promoting MAPT oligomerization and secretion (PubMed:26014385). In addition, has GTPase activity via its Roc domain which regulates LRRK2 kinase activity (PubMed:18230735, PubMed:26824392, PubMed:29125462, PubMed:28720718, PubMed:29212815). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17114044, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18230735, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20949042, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21850687, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22012985, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23395371, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24687852, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25201882, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26014385, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26824392, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27830463, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28720718, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29125462, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29127255, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29212815, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30398148, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30635421}.

Question 38

INSM2

Answer 38

GENE NAME:
INSM transcriptional repressor 2.

DESCRIPTION:
May function as a growth suppressor or tumor suppressor in liver cells and in certain neurons. .

Question 39

NOD2

Answer 39

GENE NAME:
nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2.

DESCRIPTION:
Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that detects bacterial peptidoglycan fragments and other danger signals and plays an important role in gastrointestinal immunity (PubMed:12514169, PubMed:12527755, PubMed:12626759, PubMed:15044951, PubMed:15998797, PubMed:27283905, PubMed:27748583, PubMed:31649195). Specifically activated by muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a fragment of bacterial peptidoglycan found in every bacterial peptidoglycan type (PubMed:12514169, PubMed:12871942, PubMed:12527755, PubMed:12626759, PubMed:15044951, PubMed:15998797, PubMed:22857257, PubMed:23322906, PubMed:27748583, PubMed:36002575, PubMed:15198989). NOD2 specifically recognizes and binds 6-O-phospho- MDP, the phosphorylated form of MDP, which is generated by NAGK (PubMed:36002575). 6-O-phospho-MDP-binding triggers oligomerization that facilitates the binding and subsequent activation of the proximal adapter receptor-interacting RIPK2 (PubMed:11087742, PubMed:17355968, PubMed:21887730, PubMed:23806334, PubMed:28436939). Following recruitment, RIPK2 undergoes ‘Met-1’- (linear) and ‘Lys-63’-linked polyubiquitination by E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases XIAP, BIRC2, BIRC3 and the LUBAC complex, becoming a scaffolding protein for downstream effectors, triggering activation of the NF-kappa-B and MAP kinases signaling (PubMed:11087742, PubMed:12514169, PubMed:12626759, PubMed:21887730, PubMed:23806334, PubMed:23322906, PubMed:28436939, PubMed:15198989). This in turn leads to the transcriptional activation of hundreds of genes involved in immune response (PubMed:15198989). Its ability to detect bacterial MDP plays a central role in maintaining the equilibrium between intestinal microbiota and host immune responses to control inflammation (By similarity). An imbalance in this relationship results in dysbiosis, whereby pathogenic bacteria prevail on commensals, causing damage in the intestinal epithelial barrier as well as allowing bacterial invasion and inflammation (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of appetite by sensing MDP in a subset of brain neurons: microbiota-derived MDP reach the brain, where they bind and activate NOD2 in inhibitory hypothalamic neurons, decreasing neuronal activity, thereby regulating satiety and body temperature (By similarity). NOD2- dependent MDP-sensing of bacterial cell walls in the intestinal epithelial compartment contributes to sustained postnatal growth upon undernutrition (By similarity). Also plays a role in antiviral response by acting as a sensor of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) from viruses: upon ssRNA-binding, interacts with MAVS, leading to activation of interferon regulatory factor-3/IRF3 and expression of type I interferon (PubMed:19701189). Also acts as a regulator of autophagy in dendritic cells via its interaction with ATG16L1, possibly by recruiting ATG16L1 at the site of bacterial entry (PubMed:20637199). NOD2 activation in the small intestine crypt also contributes to intestinal stem cells survival and function: acts by promoting mitophagy via its association with ATG16L1 (By similarity). In addition to its main role in innate immunity, also regulates the adaptive immune system by acting as regulator of helper T-cell and regulatory T-cells (Tregs) (By similarity). Besides recognizing pathogens, also involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response: acts by sensing and binding to the cytosolic metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate generated in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, initiating an inflammation process that leads to activation of the NF-kappa-B and MAP kinases signaling (PubMed:27007849, PubMed:33942347). May also be involved in NLRP1 activation following activation by MDP, leading to CASP1 activation and IL1B release in macrophages (PubMed:18511561). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8K3Z0, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11087742, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12514169, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12527755, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12626759, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12871942, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15044951, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15198989, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15998797, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17355968, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18511561, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19701189, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20637199, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21887730, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22857257, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23322906, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23806334, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27007849, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27283905, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27748583, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28436939, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31649195, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33942347, ECO:0000269|PubMed:36002575}.
[Isoform 2]: Acts as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR); able to activate NF-kappa-B. .
[Isoform 3]: Can activate NF-kappa-B in a muramyl dipeptide (MDP)-independent manner. .

Question 40

COQ7

Answer 40

GENE NAME:
coenzyme Q7, hydroxylase.

DESCRIPTION:
Catalyzes the hydroxylation of 2-polyprenyl-3-methyl-6- methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (DMQH2) during ubiquinone biosynthesis (By similarity). Has also a structural role in the COQ enzyme complex, stabilizing other COQ polypeptides (By similarity). Involved in lifespan determination in a ubiquinone-independent manner (By similarity). Plays a role in modulating mitochondrial stress responses, acting in the nucleus, perhaps via regulating gene expression, independent of its characterized mitochondrial function in ubiquinone biosynthesis (PubMed:25961505). {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_03194, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25961505}.

Question 41

KAT8

Answer 41

GENE NAME:
lysine acetyltransferase 8.

DESCRIPTION:
Histone acetyltransferase which may be involved in transcriptional activation (PubMed:12397079, PubMed:22020126). May influence the function of ATM (PubMed:15923642). As part of the MSL complex it is involved in acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 producing specifically H4K16ac (PubMed:16227571, PubMed:16543150, PubMed:21217699, PubMed:22547026, PubMed:22020126). As part of the NSL complex it may be involved in acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 on several lysine residues (PubMed:20018852, PubMed:22547026). That activity is less specific than the one of the MSL complex (PubMed:20018852, PubMed:22547026). Can also acetylate TP53/p53 at ‘Lys-120’. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12397079, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15923642, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16227571, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16543150, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20018852, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21217699, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22020126, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22547026, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31794431}.

Question 42

STX1B

Answer 42

GENE NAME:
syntaxin 1B.

DESCRIPTION:
Potentially involved in docking of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic active zones. May mediate Ca(2+)-regulation of exocytosis acrosomal reaction in sperm (By similarity). .

Question 43

CD19

Answer 43

GENE NAME:
CD19 molecule.

DESCRIPTION:
Functions as a coreceptor for the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) on B-lymphocytes. Decreases the threshold for activation of downstream signaling pathways and for triggering B-cell responses to antigens (PubMed:2463100, PubMed:1373518, PubMed:16672701). Activates signaling pathways that lead to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) stores (PubMed:9382888, PubMed:9317126, PubMed:12387743, PubMed:16672701). Is not required for early steps during B cell differentiation in the blood marrow (PubMed:9317126). Required for normal differentiation of B-1 cells (By similarity). Required for normal B cell differentiation and proliferation in response to antigen challenges (PubMed:2463100, PubMed:1373518). Required for normal levels of serum immunoglobulins, and for production of high-affinity antibodies in response to antigen challenge (PubMed:9317126, PubMed:12387743, PubMed:16672701). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P25918, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12387743, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1373518, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16672701, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2463100, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9317126, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9382888}.

Question 44

KIF19

Answer 44

GENE NAME:
kinesin family member 19.

DESCRIPTION:
Plus end-directed microtubule-dependent motor protein that regulates the length of motile cilia by mediating depolymerization of microtubules at ciliary tips. .

Question 45

RAI1

Answer 45

GENE NAME:
retinoic acid induced 1.

DESCRIPTION:
Transcriptional regulator of the circadian clock components: CLOCK, BMAL1, BMAL2, PER1/3, CRY1/2, NR1D1/2 and RORA/C. Positively regulates the transcriptional activity of CLOCK a core component of the circadian clock. Regulates transcription through chromatin remodeling by interacting with other proteins in chromatin as well as proteins in the basic transcriptional machinery. May be important for embryonic and postnatal development. May be involved in neuronal differentiation. .

Question 46

ZPBP2

Answer 46

GENE NAME:
zona pellucida binding protein 2.

DESCRIPTION:
Is implicated in sperm-oocyte interaction during fertilization. .

Question 47

COIL

Answer 47

GENE NAME:
coilin.

DESCRIPTION:
Component of nuclear coiled bodies, also known as Cajal bodies or CBs, which are involved in the modification and assembly of nucleoplasmic snRNPs. .

Question 48

UBTF

Answer 48

GENE NAME:
upstream binding transcription factor.

DESCRIPTION:
Recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) through cooperative interactions with the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex. It binds specifically to the upstream control element and can activate Pol I promoter escape. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11250903, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11283244, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16858408, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28777933, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7982918}.

Question 49

ATP6V0A1

Answer 49

GENE NAME:
ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a1.

DESCRIPTION:
Subunit of the V0 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that transports protons across cellular membranes. V-ATPase is responsible for the acidification of various organelles, such as lysosomes, endosomes, the trans-Golgi network, and secretory granules, including synaptic vesicles (PubMed:33065002, PubMed:34909687, PubMed:33833240). In certain cell types, can be exported to the plasma membrane, where it is involved in the acidification of the extracellular environment (By similarity). Required for assembly and activity of the vacuolar ATPase (By similarity). Through its action on compartment acidification, plays an essential role in neuronal development in terms of integrity and connectivity of neurons (PubMed:33833240). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P32563, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q29466, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33065002, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33833240, ECO:0000269|PubMed:34909687}.

Question 50

TUBG2

Answer 50

GENE NAME:
tubulin gamma 2.

DESCRIPTION:
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles or the centrosome. Pericentriolar matrix component that regulates alpha/beta chain minus-end nucleation, centrosome duplication and spindle formation (By similarity). .

Question 51

ADRA1D

Answer 51

GENE NAME:
adrenoceptor alpha 1D.

DESCRIPTION:
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its effect through the influx of extracellular calcium.

Question 52

DDRGK1

Answer 52

GENE NAME:
DDRGK domain containing 1.

DESCRIPTION:
Substrate adapter for ufmylation, the covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like modifier UFM1 to substrate proteins, which plays a key role in reticulophagy (also called ER-phagy) (PubMed:32160526). In response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, promotes recruitment of the E3 UFM1-protein ligase UFL1 to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane: in turn, UFL1 mediates ufmylation of proteins such as RPN1 and RPL26/uL24, promoting reticulophagy of endoplasmic reticulum sheets (PubMed:32160526). Ufmylation-dependent reticulophagy inhibits the unfolded protein response (UPR) by regulating ERN1/IRE1-alpha stability (PubMed:28128204, PubMed:32160526). Ufmylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress is essential for processes such as hematopoiesis or inflammatory response (By similarity). Required for TRIP4 ufmylation, thereby regulating nuclear receptors-mediated. transcription (PubMed:25219498). May play a role in NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription through regulation of the phosphorylation and the degradation of NFKBIA, the inhibitor of NF-kappa-B (PubMed:23675531). Plays a role in cartilage development through SOX9, inhibiting the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of this transcriptional regulator (PubMed:28263186). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q80WW9, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23675531, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25219498, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28128204, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28263186, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32160526}.

Question 53

USP25

Answer 53

GENE NAME:
ubiquitin specific peptidase 25.

DESCRIPTION:
Deubiquitinating enzyme that hydrolyzes ubiquitin moieties conjugated to substrates and thus, functions in various biological processes including inflammation, immune response (PubMed:29518389, PubMed:37683630). Modulates the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway by deubiquitinating and stabilizing tankyrases TNKS1 and TNKS2 (PubMed:28619731, PubMed:30926243). Regulates KEAP1-NRF2 axis in the defense against oxidative assaults by deubiquitinating KEAP1 and protecting it from degradation leading to degradation of the NRF2 transcription factor that is responsible for mounting an anti-oxidation gene expression program (PubMed:37339955). Positively regulates RNA virus-induced innate signaling by interacting with and deubiquitinating ERLIN1 and ERLIN2 (PubMed:37683630). In turn, restricts virus production by regulating cholesterol biosynthetic flux (PubMed:37683630). Acts as a negative regulator of interleukin-17- mediated signaling and inflammation through the removal of ‘Lys-63’- linked ubiquitination of TRAF5 and TRAF6 (PubMed:23042150). Prevents the ubiquitination and degradation of TRAF3 to reduce the phosphorylation levels of JNK and P38, the secretion of IL-1B and to induce endotoxin tolerance (PubMed:30579117). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23042150, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28619731, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29518389, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30579117, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30926243, ECO:0000269|PubMed:37339955, ECO:0000269|PubMed:37683630}.
The muscle-specific isoform (USP25m) may have a role in the regulation of muscular differentiation and function.

Question 54

DYRK1A

Answer 54

GENE NAME:
dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A.

DESCRIPTION:
Dual-specificity kinase which possesses both serine/threonine and tyrosine kinase activities (PubMed:21127067, PubMed:8769099, PubMed:30773093, PubMed:20981014, PubMed:23665168). Exhibits a substrate preference for proline at position P+1 and arginine at position P-3 (PubMed:23665168). Plays an important role in double- strand breaks (DSBs) repair following DNA damage (PubMed:31024071). Mechanistically, phosphorylates RNF169 and increases its ability to block accumulation of TP53BP1 at the DSB sites thereby promoting homologous recombination repair (HRR) (PubMed:30773093). Also acts as a positive regulator of transcription by acting as a CTD kinase that mediates phosphorylation of the CTD (C-terminal domain) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) POLR2A (PubMed:25620562, PubMed:29849146). May play a role in a signaling pathway regulating nuclear functions of cell proliferation (PubMed:14500717). Modulates alternative splicing by phosphorylating the splice factor SRSF6 (By similarity). Has pro-survival function and negatively regulates the apoptotic process (By similarity). Promotes cell survival upon genotoxic stress through phosphorylation of SIRT1 (By similarity). This in turn inhibits p53/TP53 activity and apoptosis (By similarity). Phosphorylates SEPTIN4, SEPTIN5 and SF3B1 at ‘Thr-434’ (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q61214, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q63470, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14500717, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20981014, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21127067, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23665168, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25620562, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29849146, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30773093, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31024071, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8769099}.

Question 55

NBL1

Answer 55

GENE NAME:
NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist.

DESCRIPTION:
Possible candidate as a tumor suppressor gene of neuroblastoma. May play an important role in preventing cells from entering the final stage (G1/S) of the transformation process.

Question 56

ITPKB

Answer 56

GENE NAME:
inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase B.

DESCRIPTION:
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate (InsP3) into 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate and participates to the regulation of calcium homeostasis. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11846419, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12747803, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1654894}.

Question 57

KCNN3

Answer 57

GENE NAME:
potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 3.

DESCRIPTION:
Forms a voltage-independent potassium channel activated by intracellular calcium (PubMed:31155282, PubMed:20562108). Activation is followed by membrane hyperpolarization (By similarity). Thought to regulate neuronal excitability by contributing to the slow component of synaptic afterhyperpolarization (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P70605, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20562108, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31155282}.

Question 58

VAMP4

Answer 58

GENE NAME:
vesicle associated membrane protein 4.

DESCRIPTION:
Involved in the pathway that functions to remove an inhibitor (probably synaptotagmin-4) of calcium-triggered exocytosis during the maturation of secretory granules. May be a marker for this sorting pathway that is critical for remodeling the secretory response of granule.

Question 59

TAF1B

Answer 59

GENE NAME:
TATA-box binding protein associated factor, RNA polymerase I subunit B.

DESCRIPTION:
Component of RNA polymerase I core factor complex that acts as a GTF2B/TFIIB-like factor and plays a key role in multiple steps during transcription initiation such as pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly and postpolymerase recruitment events in polymerase I (Pol I) transcription. Binds rDNA promoters and plays a role in Pol I recruitment as a component of the SL1/TIF-IB complex and, possibly, directly through its interaction with RRN3. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11250903, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11283244, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15970593, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21921198, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21921199, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7491500, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7801123, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7801130}.

Question 60

LNPK

Answer 60

GENE NAME:
lunapark, ER junction formation factor.

DESCRIPTION:
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-shaping membrane protein that plays a role in determining ER morphology (PubMed:30032983). Involved in the stabilization of nascent three-way ER tubular junctions within the ER network (PubMed:24223779, PubMed:25404289, PubMed:25548161, PubMed:27619977). May also play a role as a curvature-stabilizing protein within the three-way ER tubular junction network (PubMed:25404289). May be involved in limb development (By similarity). Is involved in central nervous system development (PubMed:30032983). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q7TQ95, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24223779, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25404289, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25548161, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27619977, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30032983}.

Question 61

SCN3A

Answer 61

GENE NAME:
sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 3.

DESCRIPTION:
Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, forms a sodium- selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:24157691, PubMed:28235671, PubMed:29466837). May contribute to the regulation of serotonin/5- hydroxytryptamine release by enterochromaffin cells (By similarity). In pancreatic endocrine cells, required for both glucagon and glucose- induced insulin secretion (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:A2ASI5, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24157691, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28235671, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29466837}.

Question 62

KCNIP3

Answer 62

GENE NAME:
potassium voltage-gated channel interacting protein 3.

DESCRIPTION:
Calcium-dependent transcriptional repressor that binds to the DRE element of genes including PDYN and FOS. Affinity for DNA is reduced upon binding to calcium and enhanced by binding to magnesium. Seems to be involved in nociception (By similarity). .
Regulatory subunit of Kv4/D (Shal)-type voltage-gated rapidly inactivating A-type potassium channels, such as KCND2/Kv4.2 and KCND3/Kv4.3. Modulates channel expression at the cell membrane, gating characteristics, inactivation kinetics and rate of recovery from inactivation in a calcium-dependent and isoform-specific manner. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10676964, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12829703, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15485870, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16123112, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18957440}.
May play a role in the regulation of PSEN2 proteolytic processing and apoptosis. Together with PSEN2 involved in modulation of amyloid-beta formation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11259376, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11988022, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9771752}.

Question 63

ACMSD

Answer 63

GENE NAME:
aminocarboxymuconate semialdehyde decarboxylase.

DESCRIPTION:
Converts alpha-amino-beta-carboxymuconate-epsilon- semialdehyde (ACMS) to alpha-aminomuconate semialdehyde (AMS). ACMS can be converted non-enzymatically to quinolate (QA), a key precursor of NAD, and a potent endogenous excitotoxin of neuronal cells which is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. In the presence of ACMSD, ACMS is converted to AMS, a benign catabolite. ACMSD ultimately controls the metabolic fate of tryptophan catabolism along the kynurenine pathway. .

Question 64

CCNT2

Answer 64

GENE NAME:
cyclin T2.

DESCRIPTION:
Regulatory subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinase pair (CDK9/cyclin T) complex, also called positive transcription elongation factor B (P-TEFB), which is proposed to facilitate the transition from abortive to production elongation by phosphorylating the CTD (carboxy- terminal domain) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) (PubMed:9499409, PubMed:15563843). The activity of this complex is regulated by binding with 7SK snRNA (PubMed:11713533). Plays a role during muscle differentiation; P-TEFB complex interacts with MYOD1; this tripartite complex promotes the transcriptional activity of MYOD1 through its CDK9-mediated phosphorylation and binds the chromatin of promoters and enhancers of muscle-specific genes; this event correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the CTD domain of RNA pol II (By similarity). In addition, enhances MYOD1-dependent transcription through interaction with PKN1 (PubMed:16331689). Involved in early embryo development (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q7TQK0, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11713533, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15563843, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16331689, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9499409}.
(Microbial infection) Promotes transcriptional activation of early and late herpes simplex virus 1/HHV-1 promoters. .

Question 65

KIF3C

Answer 65

GENE NAME:
kinesin family member 3C.

DESCRIPTION:
Microtubule-based anterograde translocator for membranous organelles. .

Question 66

MCCC1

Answer 66

GENE NAME:
methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase subunit 1.

DESCRIPTION:
Biotin-attachment subunit of the 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3- methylcrotonyl-CoA to 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA, a critical step for leucine and isovaleric acid catabolism. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17360195, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32561715}.

Question 67

NMD3

Answer 67

GENE NAME:
NMD3 ribosome export adaptor.

DESCRIPTION:
Acts as an adapter for the XPO1/CRM1-mediated export of the 60S ribosomal subunit. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12724356, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12773398}.

Question 68

P2RY12

Answer 68

GENE NAME:
purinergic receptor P2Y12.

DESCRIPTION:
Receptor for ADP and ATP coupled to G-proteins that inhibit the adenylyl cyclase second messenger system. Not activated by UDP and UTP. Required for normal platelet aggregation and blood coagulation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11104774, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11196645, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11502873, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12578987, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24670650, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24784220}.

Question 69

SPTSSB

Answer 69

GENE NAME:
serine palmitoyltransferase small subunit B.

DESCRIPTION:
Component of the serine palmitoyltransferase multisubunit enzyme (SPT) that catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step in sphingolipid biosynthesis by condensing L-serine and activated acyl-CoA (most commonly palmitoyl-CoA) to form long-chain bases (PubMed:19416851). The SPT complex is composed of SPTLC1, SPTLC2 or SPTLC3 and SPTSSA or SPTSSB. Within this complex, the heterodimer consisting of SPTLC1 and SPTLC2/SPTLC3 forms the catalytic core (PubMed:19416851). Within the SPT complex, SPTSSB stimulates the catalytic activity and plays a role in substrate specificity. SPT complexes with this subunit showing a preference for longer acyl-CoAs. The SPTLC1-SPTLC2-SPTSSB complex shows a strong preference for C18-CoA substrate, while the SPTLC1-SPTLC3-SPTSSB isozyme displays an ability to use a broader range of acyl-CoAs, without apparent preference (PubMed:19416851). .

Question 70

ITIH1

Answer 70

GENE NAME:
inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 1.

DESCRIPTION:
May act as a carrier of hyaluronan in serum or as a binding protein between hyaluronan and other matrix protein, including those on cell surfaces in tissues to regulate the localization, synthesis and degradation of hyaluronan which are essential to cells undergoing biological processes.
Contains a potential peptide which could stimulate a broad spectrum of phagocytotic cells.

Question 71

ARIH2

Answer 71

GENE NAME:
ariadne RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2.

DESCRIPTION:
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, which catalyzes ubiquitination of target proteins together with ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 UBE2L3 (PubMed:16118314, PubMed:17646546, PubMed:19340006, PubMed:24076655). Acts as an atypical E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase by working together with cullin-5-RING ubiquitin ligase complex (ECS complex, also named CRL5 complex) and initiating ubiquitination of ECS substrates: associates with ECS complex and specifically mediates addition of the first ubiquitin on ECS targets (By similarity). The initial ubiquitin is then elongated (By similarity). E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is activated upon binding to neddylated form of the ECS complex (PubMed:24076655). Mediates ‘Lys-6’, ‘Lys-48’- and ‘Lys-63’-linked polyubiquitination (PubMed:16118314, PubMed:17646546, PubMed:19340006). May play a role in myelopoiesis (PubMed:19340006). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9Y4X5, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16118314, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17646546, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19340006, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24076655}.

Question 72

FAM47E

Answer 72

GENE NAME:
family with sequence similarity 47 member E.

DESCRIPTION:
Promotes histone methylation by localizing the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 to chromatin. .

Question 73

GAK

Answer 73

GENE NAME:
cyclin G associated kinase.

DESCRIPTION:
Associates with cyclin G and CDK5. Seems to act as an auxilin homolog that is involved in the uncoating of clathrin-coated vesicles by Hsc70 in non-neuronal cells. Expression oscillates slightly during the cell cycle, peaking at G1 (PubMed:10625686). May play a role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and intracellular trafficking, and in the dynamics of clathrin assembly/disassembly (PubMed:18489706). .

Question 74

LCORL

Answer 74

GENE NAME:
ligand dependent nuclear receptor corepressor like.

DESCRIPTION:
May act as transcription activator that binds DNA elements with the sequence 5’-CCCTATCGATCGATCTCTACCT-3’. May play a role in spermatogenesis (By similarity). .

Question 75

ANK2

Answer 75

GENE NAME:
ankyrin 2.

DESCRIPTION:
Plays an essential role in the localization and membrane stabilization of ion transporters and ion channels in several cell types, including cardiomyocytes, as well as in striated muscle cells. In skeletal muscle, required for proper localization of DMD and DCTN4 and for the formation and/or stability of a special subset of microtubules associated with costameres and neuromuscular junctions. In cardiomyocytes, required for coordinate assembly of Na/Ca exchanger, SLC8A1/NCX1, Na/K ATPases ATP1A1 and ATP1A2 and inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate (InsP3) receptors at sarcoplasmic reticulum/sarcolemma sites. Required for expression and targeting of SPTBN1 in neonatal cardiomyocytes and for the regulation of neonatal cardiomyocyte contraction rate (PubMed:12571597). In the inner segment of rod photoreceptors, required for the coordinated expression of the Na/K ATPase, Na/Ca exchanger and beta-2-spectrin (SPTBN1) (By similarity). Plays a role in endocytosis and intracellular protein transport. Associates with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P)-positive organelles and binds dynactin to promote long-range motility of cells. Recruits RABGAP1L to (PI3P)-positive early endosomes, where RABGAP1L inactivates RAB22A, and promotes polarized trafficking to the leading edge of the migrating cells. Part of the ANK2/RABGAP1L complex which is required for the polarized recycling of fibronectin receptor ITGA5 ITGB1 to the plasma membrane that enables continuous directional cell migration (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8C8R3, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12571597}.

Question 76

BST1

Answer 76

GENE NAME:
bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1.

DESCRIPTION:
Catalyzes both the synthesis of cyclic ADP-beta-D-ribose (cADPR) from NAD(+), and its hydrolysis to ADP-D-ribose (ADPR) (PubMed:7805847). Cyclic ADPR is known to serve as an endogenous second messenger that elicits calcium release from intracellular stores, and thus regulates the mobilization of intracellular calcium (Probable). May be involved in pre-B-cell growth (Probable). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:7805847, ECO:0000305|PubMed:11866528, ECO:0000305|PubMed:7805847, ECO:0000305|PubMed:8202488}.

Question 77

DGKQ

Answer 77

GENE NAME:
diacylglycerol kinase theta.

DESCRIPTION:
Diacylglycerol kinase that converts diacylglycerol/DAG into phosphatidic acid/phosphatidate/PA and regulates the respective levels of these two bioactive lipids (PubMed:9099683, PubMed:11309392, PubMed:22627129). Thereby, acts as a central switch between the signaling pathways activated by these second messengers with different cellular targets and opposite effects in numerous biological processes (PubMed:11309392, PubMed:17664281, PubMed:26748701). Within the adrenocorticotropic hormone signaling pathway, produces phosphatidic acid which in turn activates NR5A1 and subsequent steroidogenic gene transcription (PubMed:17664281). Also functions downstream of the nerve growth factor signaling pathway being specifically activated in the nucleus by the growth factor (By similarity). Through its diacylglycerol activity also regulates synaptic vesicle endocytosis (PubMed:26748701). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:D3ZEY4, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11309392, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17664281, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22627129, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26748701, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9099683}.

Question 78

CAMK2D

Answer 78

GENE NAME:
calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II delta.

DESCRIPTION:
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase involved in the regulation of Ca(2+) homeostatis and excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) in heart by targeting ion channels, transporters and accessory proteins involved in Ca(2+) influx into the myocyte, Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), SR Ca(2+) uptake and Na(+) and K(+) channel transport. Targets also transcription factors and signaling molecules to regulate heart function. In its activated form, is involved in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Contributes to cardiac decompensation and heart failure by regulating SR Ca(2+) release via direct phosphorylation of RYR2 Ca(2+) channel on ‘Ser-2808’. In the nucleus, phosphorylates the MEF2 repressor HDAC4, promoting its nuclear export and binding to 14-3-3 protein, and expression of MEF2 and genes involved in the hypertrophic program (PubMed:17179159). Is essential for left ventricular remodeling responses to myocardial infarction. In pathological myocardial remodeling acts downstream of the beta adrenergic receptor signaling cascade to regulate key proteins involved in ECC. Regulates Ca(2+) influx to myocytes by binding and phosphorylating the L-type Ca(2+) channel subunit beta-2 CACNB2. In addition to Ca(2+) channels, can target and regulate the cardiac sarcolemmal Na(+) channel Nav1.5/SCN5A and the K+ channel Kv4.3/KCND3, which contribute to arrhythmogenesis in heart failure. Phosphorylates phospholamban (PLN/PLB), an endogenous inhibitor of SERCA2A/ATP2A2, contributing to the enhancement of SR Ca(2+) uptake that may be important in frequency-dependent acceleration of relaxation (FDAR) and maintenance of contractile function during acidosis (PubMed:16690701). May participate in the modulation of skeletal muscle function in response to exercise, by regulating SR Ca(2+) transport through phosphorylation of PLN/PLB and triadin, a ryanodine receptor-coupling factor. In response to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) stimulation, catalyzes phosphorylation of STAT1, stimulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6PHZ2, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16690701, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17179159}.

Question 79

CNOT8

Answer 79

GENE NAME:
CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 8.

DESCRIPTION:
Has 3’-5’ poly(A) exoribonuclease activity for synthetic poly(A) RNA substrate. Its function seems to be partially redundant with that of CNOT7. Catalytic component of the CCR4-NOT complex which is linked to various cellular processes including bulk mRNA degradation, miRNA-mediated repression, translational repression during translational initiation and general transcription regulation. During miRNA-mediated repression the complex seems also to act as translational repressor during translational initiation. Additional complex functions may be a consequence of its influence on mRNA expression. Associates with members of the BTG family such as TOB1 and BTG2 and is required for their anti-proliferative activity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12771185, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19605561, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20065043, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23236473}.

Question 80

PAM

Answer 80

GENE NAME:
peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase.

DESCRIPTION:
Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the post-translational modification of inactive peptidylglycine precursors to the corresponding bioactive alpha-amidated peptides, a terminal modification in biosynthesis of many neural and endocrine peptides (PubMed:12699694). Alpha-amidation involves two sequential reactions, both of which are catalyzed by separate catalytic domains of the enzyme. The first step, catalyzed by peptidyl alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) domain, is the copper-, ascorbate-, and O2- dependent stereospecific hydroxylation (with S stereochemistry) at the alpha-carbon (C-alpha) of the C-terminal glycine of the peptidylglycine substrate (PubMed:12699694). The second step, catalyzed by the peptidylglycine amidoglycolate lyase (PAL) domain, is the zinc- dependent cleavage of the N-C-alpha bond, producing the alpha-amidated peptide and glyoxylate (PubMed:12699694). Similarly, catalyzes the two- step conversion of an N-fatty acylglycine to a primary fatty acid amide and glyoxylate (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P14925, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12699694}.

Question 81

HLA-DQA1

Answer 81

GENE NAME:
major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1.

DESCRIPTION:
Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal microenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.

Question 82

TRIM40

Answer 82

GENE NAME:
tripartite motif containing 40.

DESCRIPTION:
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a role in the limitation of the innate immune response (PubMed:21474709, PubMed:29117565). Mediates inhibition of the RLR signaling pathway by ubiquitinating RIGI and IFIH1 receptors, leading to their proteasomal degradation (PubMed:21474709). Promotes also the neddylation of IKBKG/NEMO, stabilizing NFKBIA, and thereby inhibiting of NF-kappa-B nuclear translocation and activation (PubMed:21474709). .

Question 83

GUCA1B

Answer 83

GENE NAME:
guanylate cyclase activator 1B.

DESCRIPTION:
Stimulates two retinal guanylyl cyclases (GCs) GUCY2D and GUCY2F when free calcium ions concentration is low, and inhibits GUCY2D and GUCY2F when free calcium ions concentration is elevated (By similarity). This Ca(2+)-sensitive regulation of GCs is a key event in recovery of the dark state of rod photoreceptors following light exposure (By similarity). May be involved in cone photoreceptor response and recovery of response in bright light (By similarity). .

Question 84

SRSF3

Answer 84

GENE NAME:
serine and arginine rich splicing factor 3.

DESCRIPTION:
Splicing factor, which binds the consensus motif 5’- C[ACU][AU]C[ACU][AC]C-3’ within pre-mRNA and promotes specific exons inclusion during alternative splicing (PubMed:32440474, PubMed:17036044, PubMed:26876937). Interaction with YTHDC1, a RNA- binding protein that recognizes and binds N6-methyladenosine (m6A)- containing RNAs, promotes recruitment of SRSF3 to its mRNA-binding elements adjacent to m6A sites within exons (PubMed:26876937). Also functions as an adapter involved in mRNA nuclear export (PubMed:11336712, PubMed:18364396, PubMed:28984244). Binds mRNA which is thought to be transferred to the NXF1-NXT1 heterodimer for export (TAP/NXF1 pathway); enhances NXF1-NXT1 RNA-binding activity (PubMed:11336712, PubMed:18364396). Involved in nuclear export of m6A- containing mRNAs via interaction with YTHDC1: interaction with YTHDC1 facilitates m6A-containing mRNA-binding to both SRSF3 and NXF1, promoting mRNA nuclear export (PubMed:28984244). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11336712, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17036044, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18364396, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26876937, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28984244, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32440474}.

Question 85

OSBPL3

Answer 85

GENE NAME:
oxysterol binding protein like 3.

DESCRIPTION:
Phosphoinositide-binding protein which associates with both cell and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (PubMed:16143324). Can bind to the ER membrane protein VAPA and recruit VAPA to plasma membrane sites, thus linking these intracellular compartments (PubMed:25447204). The ORP3-VAPA complex stimulates RRAS signaling which in turn attenuates integrin beta-1 (ITGB1) activation at the cell surface (PubMed:18270267, PubMed:25447204). With VAPA, may regulate ER morphology (PubMed:16143324). Has a role in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarity and cell adhesion (PubMed:18270267). Binds to phosphoinositides with preference for PI(3,4)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 (PubMed:16143324). Also binds 25-hydroxycholesterol and cholesterol (PubMed:17428193). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16143324, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17428193, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18270267, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25447204}.

Question 86

ADCK5

Answer 86

GENE NAME:
aarF domain containing kinase 5.

DESCRIPTION:
The function of this protein is not yet clear. It is not known if it has protein kinase activity and what type of substrate it would phosphorylate (Ser, Thr or Tyr).

Question 87

MICU3

Answer 87

GENE NAME:
mitochondrial calcium uptake family member 3.

DESCRIPTION:
May play a role in mitochondrial calcium uptake. .

Question 88

MMP16

Answer 88

GENE NAME:
matrix metallopeptidase 16.

DESCRIPTION:
Endopeptidase that degrades various components of the extracellular matrix, such as collagen type III and fibronectin. Activates progelatinase A. Involved in the matrix remodeling of blood vessels. Isoform short cleaves fibronectin and also collagen type III, but at lower rate. It has no effect on type I, II, IV and V collagen. However, upon interaction with CSPG4, it may be involved in degradation and invasion of type I collagen by melanoma cells. .

Question 89

FGF20

Answer 89

GENE NAME:
fibroblast growth factor 20.

DESCRIPTION:
Neurotrophic factor that regulates central nervous development and function. .

Question 90

BIN3

Answer 90

GENE NAME:
bridging integrator 3.

DESCRIPTION:
Involved in cytokinesis and septation where it has a role in the localization of F-actin.

Question 91

SH3GL2

Answer 91

GENE NAME:
SH3 domain containing GRB2 like 2, endophilin A1.

DESCRIPTION:
Implicated in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. May recruit other proteins to membranes with high curvature. Required for BDNF-dependent dendrite outgrowth. Cooperates with SH3GL2 to mediate BDNF-NTRK2 early endocytic trafficking and signaling from early endosomes. .

Question 92

UBAP2

Answer 92

GENE NAME:
ubiquitin associated protein 2.

DESCRIPTION:
Recruits the ubiquitination machinery to RNA polymerase II for polyubiquitination, removal and degradation, when the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) machinery fails to resolve DNA damage (PubMed:35633597). May promote the degradation of ANXA2 (PubMed:27121050). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27121050, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35633597}.

Question 93

GBF1

Answer 93

GENE NAME:
golgi brefeldin A resistant guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1.

DESCRIPTION:
Guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for members of the Arf family of small GTPases involved in trafficking in the early secretory pathway; its GEF activity initiates the coating of nascent vesicles via the localized generation of activated ARFs through replacement of GDP with GTP. Recruitment to cis-Golgi membranes requires membrane association of Arf-GDP and can be regulated by ARF1, ARF3, ARF4 and ARF5. Involved in the recruitment of the COPI coat complex to the endoplasmic reticulum exit sites (ERES), and the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate (ERGIC) and cis-Golgi compartments which implicates ARF1 activation. Involved in COPI vesicle-dependent retrograde transport from the ERGIC and cis-Golgi compartments to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (PubMed:16926190, PubMed:17956946, PubMed:18003980, PubMed:12047556, PubMed:12808027, PubMed:19039328, PubMed:24213530). Involved in the trans-Golgi network recruitment of GGA1, GGA2, GGA3, BIG1, BIG2, and the AP-1 adaptor protein complex related to chlathrin-dependent transport; the function requires its GEF activity (probably at least in part on ARF4 and ARF5) (PubMed:23386609). Has GEF activity towards ARF1 (PubMed:15616190). Has in vitro GEF activity towards ARF5 (By similarity). Involved in the processing of PSAP (PubMed:17666033). Required for the assembly of the Golgi apparatus (PubMed:12808027, PubMed:18003980). The AMPK- phosphorylated form is involved in Golgi disassembly during mitotis and under stress conditions (PubMed:18063581, PubMed:23418352). May be involved in the COPI vesicle-dependent recruitment of PNPLA2 to lipid droplets; however, this function is under debate (PubMed:19461073, PubMed:22185782). In neutrophils, involved in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated chemotaxis und superoxide production. Proposed to be recruited by phosphatidylinositol-phosphates generated upon GPCR stimulation to the leading edge where it recruits and activates ARF1, and is involved in recruitment of GIT2 and the NADPH oxidase complex (PubMed:22573891). Plays a role in maintaining mitochondrial morphology (PubMed:25190516). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9R1D7, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12047556, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12808027, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15616190, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16926190, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17666033, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17956946, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18003980, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18063581, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19461073, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22185782, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22573891, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23386609, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23418352, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24213530, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25190516, ECO:0000305|PubMed:19039328, ECO:0000305|PubMed:22573891}.

Question 94

RNF141

Answer 94

GENE NAME:
ring finger protein 141.

DESCRIPTION:
May be involved in spermatogenesis. .

Question 95

HIP1R

Answer 95

GENE NAME:
huntingtin interacting protein 1 related.

DESCRIPTION:
Component of clathrin-coated pits and vesicles, that may link the endocytic machinery to the actin cytoskeleton. Binds 3- phosphoinositides (via ENTH domain). May act through the ENTH domain to promote cell survival by stabilizing receptor tyrosine kinases following ligand-induced endocytosis. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11889126, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14732715}.

Question 96

SCAF11

Answer 96

GENE NAME:
SR-related CTD associated factor 11.

DESCRIPTION:
Plays a role in pre-mRNA alternative splicing by regulating spliceosome assembly. .

Question 97

CAB39L

Answer 97

GENE NAME:
calcium binding protein 39 like.

DESCRIPTION:
Component of a complex that binds and activates STK11/LKB1. In the complex, required to stabilize the interaction between CAB39/MO25 (CAB39/MO25alpha or CAB39L/MO25beta) and STK11/LKB1 (By similarity). .

Question 98

B3GLCT

Answer 98

GENE NAME:
beta 3-glucosyltransferase.

DESCRIPTION:
O-glucosyltransferase that transfers glucose toward fucose with a beta-1,3 linkage. Specifically glucosylates O-linked fucosylglycan on TSP type-1 domains of proteins, thereby contributing to elongation of O-fucosylglycan. .

Question 99

MBNL2

Answer 99

GENE NAME:
muscleblind like splicing regulator 2.

DESCRIPTION:
Mediates pre-mRNA alternative splicing regulation. Acts either as activator or repressor of splicing on specific pre-mRNA targets. Inhibits cardiac troponin-T (TNNT2) pre-mRNA exon inclusion but induces insulin receptor (IR) pre-mRNA exon inclusion in muscle. Antagonizes the alternative splicing activity pattern of CELF proteins. RNA-binding protein that binds to 5’ACACCC-3’ core sequence, termed zipcode, within the 3’UTR of ITGA3. Binds to CUG triplet repeat expansion in myotonic dystrophy muscle cells by sequestering the target RNAs. Together with RNA binding proteins RBPMS and RBFOX2, activates vascular smooth muscle cells alternative splicing events (By similarity). Regulates NCOR2 alternative splicing (By similarity). Seems to regulate expression and localization of ITGA3 by transporting it from the nucleus to cytoplasm at adhesion plaques. May play a role in myotonic dystrophy pathophysiology (DM). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:F2Z3T4, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15257297, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16273094, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16946708}.

Question 100

GCH1

Answer 100

GENE NAME:
GTP cyclohydrolase 1.

DESCRIPTION:
Positively regulates nitric oxide synthesis in umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). May be involved in dopamine synthesis. May modify pain sensitivity and persistence. Isoform GCH-1 is the functional enzyme, the potential function of the enzymatically inactive isoforms remains unknown. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12176133, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16338639, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17057711, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8068008, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9445252}.

Question 101

GALC

Answer 101

GENE NAME:
galactosylceramidase.

DESCRIPTION:
Hydrolyzes the galactose ester bonds of glycolipids such as galactosylceramide and galactosylsphingosine (PubMed:8281145, PubMed:8399327). Enzyme with very low activity responsible for the lysosomal catabolism of galactosylceramide, a major lipid in myelin, kidney and epithelial cells of small intestine and colon (PubMed:8281145, PubMed:8399327). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8281145, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8399327}.

Question 102

SMAD3

Answer 102

GENE NAME:
SMAD family member 3.

DESCRIPTION:
Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Also can form a SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP- 1/SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. Has an inhibitory effect on wound healing probably by modulating both growth and migration of primary keratinocytes and by altering the TGF-mediated chemotaxis of monocytes. This effect on wound healing appears to be hormone-sensitive. Regulator of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis and inhibits early healing of bone fractures. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10995748, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15241418, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15588252, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16156666, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16751101, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16862174, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17327236, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19218245, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19289081, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9732876, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9892009}.

Question 103

TOX3

Answer 103

GENE NAME:
TOX high mobility group box family member 3.

DESCRIPTION:
Transcriptional coactivator of the p300/CBP-mediated transcription complex. Activates transactivation through cAMP response element (CRE) sites. Protects against cell death by inducing antiapoptotic and repressing pro-apoptotic transcripts. Stimulates transcription from the estrogen-responsive or BCL-2 promoters. Required for depolarization-induced transcription activation of the C-FOS promoter in neurons. Associates with chromatin to the estrogen- responsive C3 promoter region. .

Question 104

CHRNB1

Answer 104

GENE NAME:
cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit.

DESCRIPTION:
After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. .

Question 105

PSMC3IP

Answer 105

GENE NAME:
PSMC3 interacting protein.

DESCRIPTION:
Plays an important role in meiotic recombination. Stimulates DMC1-mediated strand exchange required for pairing homologous chromosomes during meiosis. The complex PSMC3IP/MND1 binds DNA, stimulates the recombinase activity of DMC1 as well as DMC1 D-loop formation from double-strand DNA. This complex stabilizes presynaptic RAD51 and DMC1 filaments formed on single strand DNA to capture double- strand DNA. This complex stimulates both synaptic and presynaptic critical steps in RAD51 and DMC1-promoted homologous pairing. May inhibit HIV-1 viral protein TAT activity and modulate the activity of proteasomes through association with PSMC3. Acts as a tissue specific coactivator of hormone-dependent transcription mediated by nuclear receptors. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10806355, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16407260, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21963259}.

Question 106

NSRP1

Answer 106

GENE NAME:
nuclear speckle splicing regulatory protein 1.

DESCRIPTION:
RNA-binding protein that mediates pre-mRNA alternative splicing regulation. .

Question 107

SREBF1

Answer 107

GENE NAME:
sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1.

DESCRIPTION:
[Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1]: Precursor of the transcription factor form (Processed sterol regulatory element- binding protein 1), which is embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (PubMed:32322062). Low sterol concentrations promote processing of this form, releasing the transcription factor form that translocates into the nucleus and activates transcription of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid homeostasis (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9WTN3, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32322062}.
[Processed sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1]: Key transcription factor that regulates expression of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid homeostasis (PubMed:8402897, PubMed:12177166, PubMed:32322062). Binds to the sterol regulatory element 1 (SRE-1) (5’-ATCACCCCAC-3’). Has dual sequence specificity binding to both an E-box motif (5’-ATCACGTGA-3’) and to SRE-1 (5’- ATCACCCCAC-3’) (PubMed:8402897, PubMed:12177166). Regulates the promoters of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and the LDL receptor (LDLR) pathway of sterol regulation (PubMed:8402897, PubMed:12177166, PubMed:32322062). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9WTN3, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12177166, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32322062, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8402897}.
[Isoform SREBP-1A]: Isoform expressed only in select tissues, which has higher transcriptional activity compared to SREBP-1C (By similarity). Able to stimulate both lipogenic and cholesterogenic gene expression (PubMed:12177166, PubMed:32497488). Has a role in the nutritional regulation of fatty acids and triglycerides in lipogenic organs such as the liver (By similarity). Required for innate immune response in macrophages by regulating lipid metabolism (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9WTN3, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12177166, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32497488}.
[Isoform SREBP-1C]: Predominant isoform expressed in most tissues, which has weaker transcriptional activity compared to isoform SREBP-1A (By similarity). Primarily controls expression of lipogenic gene (PubMed:12177166). Strongly activates global lipid synthesis in rapidly growing cells (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9WTN3, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12177166}.
[Isoform SREBP-1aDelta]: The absence of Golgi proteolytic processing requirement makes this isoform constitutively active in transactivation of lipogenic gene promoters. .
[Isoform SREBP-1cDelta]: The absence of Golgi proteolytic processing requirement makes this isoform constitutively active in transactivation of lipogenic gene promoters. .

Question 108

ADORA2B

Answer 108

GENE NAME:
adenosine A2b receptor.

DESCRIPTION:
Receptor for adenosine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.

Question 109

MYO5B

Answer 109

GENE NAME:
myosin VB.

DESCRIPTION:
May be involved in vesicular trafficking via its association with the CART complex. The CART complex is necessary for efficient transferrin receptor recycling but not for EGFR degradation. Required in a complex with RAB11A and RAB11FIP2 for the transport of NPC1L1 to the plasma membrane. Together with RAB11A participates in CFTR trafficking to the plasma membrane and TF (transferrin) recycling in nonpolarized cells. Together with RAB11A and RAB8A participates in epithelial cell polarization. Together with RAB25 regulates transcytosis. Required for proper localization of bile salt export pump ABCB11 at the apical/canalicular plasma membrane of hepatocytes (PubMed:34816459). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21206382, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21282656, ECO:0000269|PubMed:34816459}.

Question 110

MEX3C

Answer 110

GENE NAME:
mex-3 RNA binding family member C.

DESCRIPTION:
E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for the post-transcriptional regulation of common HLA-A allotypes. Binds to the 3’ UTR of HLA-A2 mRNA, and regulates its levels by promoting mRNA decay. RNA binding is sufficient to prevent translation, but ubiquitin ligase activity is required for mRNA degradation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22863774, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23446422}.

Question 111

TIMM50

Answer 111

GENE NAME:
translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 50.

DESCRIPTION:
Essential component of the TIM23 complex, a complex that mediates the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Has some phosphatase activity in vitro; however such activity may not be relevant in vivo. .
[Isoform 2]: May participate in the release of snRNPs and SMN from the Cajal body. .

Question 112

INSL3

Answer 112

GENE NAME:
insulin like 3.

DESCRIPTION:
Seems to play a role in testicular function. May be a trophic hormone with a role in testicular descent in fetal life. Is a ligand for LGR8 receptor.

Question 113

SEMG2

Answer 113

GENE NAME:
semenogelin 2.

DESCRIPTION:
Participates in the formation of a gel matrix (sperm coagulum) entrapping the accessory gland secretions and ejaculated spermatozoa.

Question 114

SRC

Answer 114

GENE NAME:
SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase.

DESCRIPTION:
Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase which is activated following engagement of many different classes of cellular receptors including immune response receptors, integrins and other adhesion receptors, receptor protein tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors as well as cytokine receptors. Participates in signaling pathways that control a diverse spectrum of biological activities including gene transcription, immune response, cell adhesion, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and transformation. Due to functional redundancy between members of the SRC kinase family, identification of the specific role of each SRC kinase is very difficult. SRC appears to be one of the primary kinases activated following engagement of receptors and plays a role in the activation of other protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) families. Receptor clustering or dimerization leads to recruitment of SRC to the receptor complexes where it phosphorylates the tyrosine residues within the receptor cytoplasmic domains. Plays an important role in the regulation of cytoskeletal organization through phosphorylation of specific substrates such as AFAP1. Phosphorylation of AFAP1 allows the SRC SH2 domain to bind AFAP1 and to localize to actin filaments. Cytoskeletal reorganization is also controlled through the phosphorylation of cortactin (CTTN) (Probable). When cells adhere via focal adhesions to the extracellular matrix, signals are transmitted by integrins into the cell resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of focal adhesion proteins, including PTK2/FAK1 and paxillin (PXN) (PubMed:21411625). In addition to phosphorylating focal adhesion proteins, SRC is also active at the sites of cell-cell contact adherens junctions and phosphorylates substrates such as beta-catenin (CTNNB1), delta-catenin (CTNND1), and plakoglobin (JUP). Another type of cell- cell junction, the gap junction, is also a target for SRC, which phosphorylates connexin-43 (GJA1). SRC is implicated in regulation of pre-mRNA-processing and phosphorylates RNA-binding proteins such as KHDRBS1 (Probable). Also plays a role in PDGF-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of both STAT1 and STAT3, leading to increased DNA binding activity of these transcription factors (By similarity). Involved in the RAS pathway through phosphorylation of RASA1 and RASGRF1 (PubMed:11389730). Plays a role in EGF-mediated calcium- activated chloride channel activation (PubMed:18586953). Required for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) internalization through phosphorylation of clathrin heavy chain (CLTC and CLTCL1) at ‘Tyr- 1477’. Involved in beta-arrestin (ARRB1 and ARRB2) desensitization through phosphorylation and activation of GRK2, leading to beta- arrestin phosphorylation and internalization. Has a critical role in the stimulation of the CDK20/MAPK3 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade by epidermal growth factor (Probable). Might be involved not only in mediating the transduction of mitogenic signals at the level of the plasma membrane but also in controlling progression through the cell cycle via interaction with regulatory proteins in the nucleus (PubMed:7853507). Plays an important role in osteoclastic bone resorption in conjunction with PTK2B/PYK2. Both the formation of a SRC- PTK2B/PYK2 complex and SRC kinase activity are necessary for this function. Recruited to activated integrins by PTK2B/PYK2, thereby phosphorylating CBL, which in turn induces the activation and recruitment of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to the cell membrane in a signaling pathway that is critical for osteoclast function (PubMed:8755529, PubMed:14585963). Promotes energy production in osteoclasts by activating mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase (PubMed:12615910). Phosphorylates DDR2 on tyrosine residues, thereby promoting its subsequent autophosphorylation (PubMed:16186108). Phosphorylates RUNX3 and COX2 on tyrosine residues, TNK2 on ‘Tyr-284’ and CBL on ‘Tyr-731’ (PubMed:20100835, PubMed:21309750). Enhances RIGI- elicited antiviral signaling (PubMed:19419966). Phosphorylates PDPK1 at ‘Tyr-9’, ‘Tyr-373’ and ‘Tyr-376’ (PubMed:14585963). Phosphorylates BCAR1 at ‘Tyr-128’ (PubMed:22710723). Phosphorylates CBLC at multiple tyrosine residues, phosphorylation at ‘Tyr-341’ activates CBLC E3 activity (PubMed:20525694). Phosphorylates synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin (SYP) (By similarity). Involved in anchorage-independent cell growth (PubMed:19307596). Required for podosome formation (By similarity). Mediates IL6 signaling by activating YAP1-NOTCH pathway to induce inflammation-induced epithelial regeneration (PubMed:25731159). Phosphorylates OTUB1, promoting deubiquitination of RPTOR (PubMed:35927303). Phosphorylates caspase CASP8 at ‘Tyr-380’ which negatively regulates CASP8 processing and activation, down-regulating CASP8 proapoptotic function (PubMed:16619028). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05480, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9WUD9, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11389730, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12615910, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14585963, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16186108, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16619028, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18586953, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19307596, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19419966, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20100835, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20525694, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21309750, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21411625, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22710723, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25731159, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35927303, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7853507, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8755529, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8759729, ECO:0000305|PubMed:11964124, ECO:0000305|PubMed:8672527, ECO:0000305|PubMed:9442882}.
[Isoform 1]: Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase which phosphorylates synaptophysin with high affinity. .
[Isoform 2]: Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase which shows higher basal kinase activity than isoform 1, possibly due to weakened intramolecular interactions which enhance autophosphorylation of Tyr- 419 and subsequent activation (By similarity). The SH3 domain shows reduced affinity with the linker sequence between the SH2 and kinase domains which may account for the increased basal activity (By similarity). Displays altered substrate specificity compared to isoform 1, showing weak affinity for synaptophysin and for peptide substrates containing class I or class II SH3 domain-binding motifs (By similarity). Plays a role in L1CAM-mediated neurite elongation, possibly by acting downstream of L1CAM to drive cytoskeletal rearrangements involved in neurite outgrowth (By similarity). .
[Isoform 3]: Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase which shows higher basal kinase activity than isoform 1, possibly due to weakened intramolecular interactions which enhance autophosphorylation of Tyr- 419 and subsequent activation (By similarity). The SH3 domain shows reduced affinity with the linker sequence between the SH2 and kinase domains which may account for the increased basal activity (By similarity). Displays altered substrate specificity compared to isoform 1, showing weak affinity for synaptophysin and for peptide substrates containing class I or class II SH3 domain-binding motifs (By similarity). Plays a role in neurite elongation (By similarity). .

Question 115

CRLS1

Answer 115

GENE NAME:
cardiolipin synthase 1.

DESCRIPTION:
Catalyzes the synthesis of cardiolipin (CL) (diphosphatidylglycerol) by specifically transferring a phosphatidyl group from CDP-diacylglycerol to phosphatidylglycerol (PG). CL is a key phospholipid in mitochondrial membranes and plays important roles in maintaining the functional integrity and dynamics of mitochondria under both optimal and stress conditions. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16547353, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16678169, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35147173}.

Question 116

OR10A2

Answer 116

GENE NAME:
olfactory receptor family 10 subfamily A member 2.

DESCRIPTION:
Odorant receptor. .

Question 117

ZNF184

Answer 117

GENE NAME:
zinc finger protein 184.

DESCRIPTION:
May be involved in transcriptional regulation.

Question 118

ZNF646

Answer 118

GENE NAME:
zinc finger protein 646.

DESCRIPTION:
May be involved in transcriptional regulation.