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PD eyes Flashcards

1
Q

an enlarged blind spot occurs in condition that effect the optic nerve such as…

A

glaucoma, papilledema, optic neuritis

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2
Q

(sensory) relays information from the eye to the brain, senses light and vision. It is the afferent (toward the brain – sensory) nerve of pupillary action

A

CN II also called the optic nerve

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3
Q

Oculomotor (motor): innervates the most of the eye muscles as well as being the efferent limb of pupillary action. Raises the eyelid

A

CN III

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4
Q

Trochlear (motor): innervates the superior oblique muscle which is responsible for downward, inward movement of the eye

A

CN IV

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5
Q

Abducens (motor): innervates the lateral rectus, which moves the eye laterally

A

CN VI

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6
Q

seeing 2 different images on the same object

A

double vision or diplopia

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7
Q

monocular diplopia–cover 1 eye and still see double, this is not a what problem

A

neurological, it is usually a refractive problem or caused by an astigmatism

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8
Q

binocular diplopia, both eyes do not move in synchrony, lesions of what could cause this

A

CN 3 4 or 6 or graves disease

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9
Q

drooping of the upper eye lid

A

ptosis

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10
Q

myasthenia gravis, damage to the oculomotor nerve, sympathetic nerve supply, or could be congenital are signs of what?

A

ptosis

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11
Q

inward turning of lid, more common in elderly, lashes irritate cornea is what?

A

entropion

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12
Q

outward turning of lid exposing palpebral conjunctiva, could effect eye drainage

A

ectropion

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13
Q

can see rim of sclera between upper lid and iris, wide eyed stare suggest this disorder, also associated with hyperthyroidism

A

lid retraction

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14
Q

eye protrudes forward, bilateral suggests graves

A

exophthalmos

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15
Q

benign yellowish triangular nodule bulbar conjunctiva, seen in again, seen on nasal side first, DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH VISION

A

pinguecula

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16
Q

triangular thickening bulbar conjunctiva grows slowly across outer surface of cornea, nasal side, reddening may occur, DOES INTERFERE WITH VISION

A

PTERYGIUM

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17
Q

blood in the anterior chamber or pus

A

hyphema or hypopyon

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18
Q

inflammation of the episcleral vessles that appear salmon pink, localized ocular redness

A

episcleritis

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19
Q

slightly raised yellowish well circumscribed plaques, appear along nasal portion of one or both eyes, can accompany lipid disorder

A

xanthelasma

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20
Q

painful, tender red infection in a gland at the margin of the eyelid

A

stye or hordeolum

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21
Q

subacute nontender painless nodule involving meibomian gland, may become inflammed, usually points inside a lid rather than on a margin

A

chalazion

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22
Q

swelling between lower eyelid and nose, acute inflammation is painful, red and tender, chronic is associated with obstruction of nasolacrimal duct, can regurgitate material through puncta of eyelids

A

dacrocystitis or stenosis

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23
Q

diffuse dilation of conjunctival vessels with redness that tends to be maximal peripherally, vision not effected, can have a discharge, bacterial viral parastic or allergies

A

conjunctivitis

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24
Q

leakage of blood outside of the vessels, produces sharp demarcated area, red area fades to yellow then disappears, not painful, not effect on vision or pupil, caused by trauma cough sneeze or bleeding disorder

A

subconjunctival hemorrhage

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25
Q

thin grayish white arc or circle not quite at the end of the cornea

A

cornea arcus or arcus senilis

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26
Q

opacities of the lenses visible through the pupil, can be nuclear or peripheral

A

cataracts

27
Q

superficial grayish white opacity in the cornea, secondary to an old injury or inflammation, do not confuse with the opaque lens of a cataract which IS VISIBLE ON A DEEPER PLANE AND ONLY THOUGH THE PUPIL

A

CORNEAL SCARS

28
Q

muscles that bend and straighten light

A

ciliary muscles

29
Q

impaired far vision

A

myopia

30
Q

progressively diminished ability to focus on near objects with age

A

presbyopia

31
Q

a difference in the size of the 2 pupils greater than 4mm, may be normal or sign of a ocular or neurological disease

A

anisocoria

32
Q

symmetrically rapid constriction in pulillary light response indicates that the anisocoria is not due to…

A

3rd nerve palsy

33
Q

unilateral, large and irregular, slowed or absent reaction to light, can cause blurred vision, pupil

A

adie’s tonic

34
Q

dilated pupil (6-7mm) is fixed to light near reaction, may be associated with ptosis and LATERAL eye deviaion

A

cn III palsy

35
Q

small irregular pupil, accomodates but does NOT react to light, seen in syphilis

A

argyll robertson pupil

36
Q

loss of sweating on forehead, small pupil (miosis) that reacts to light and acommodates to to dim light, ptosis present

A

horner’s

37
Q

relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) indicating a decreased pupillary response to light in the effected eye, most common cause is lesion of optic nerve or retinal disease

A

marcus gunn pupil

38
Q

caused by imbalance in ocular muscle tone, hereditary, causes gaze deviation classified according to direction

A

developmental disorders

39
Q

ESOTROPIA-eye deviates

EXOTROPIA-eye deviates

A

medially, laterally

40
Q

fine rhythmic oscillation of the eye

A

nystagmus

41
Q

venous stasis leads to engorgement and swelling of optic disc, disc swollen with margins blurred, cup NOT visible

A

papilledema

42
Q

backward depression of disc and atrophy, base of enlarged cup is pale

A

glaucomatous cupping

43
Q

death of optic nerve, disc vessel is absent

A

optic atrophy

44
Q

vein appears to stop abruptly on either side of the artery

A

av nicking

45
Q

white or greyish, ovoid lesions with irregular “soft boarders” usually smaller in size than disc, results from infarcted nerve fibers

A

cotton wool patches

46
Q

tiny round red sports near macular, minute dilitations of very small retinal vessels, seen in diabetes

A

microaneurysms

47
Q

formation of new blood vessels, vessels can grow into vitreous and cause retinal detachment, more numerous and tortous than other vessels

A

neovascularization

48
Q

creamy or yellowish, bright lesions with well defined hard boarders, smal round and amy coaelsce

A

hard exudates

49
Q

small tiny yellow round spots, appear in normal again, may accompany macular related degenration

A

drusen

50
Q

increased light reflex from arteries:copper wiring, venous tapering at the av crossing:av nicking, exudates: soft and hard, cotton wool patches and hard exudates, flamed shaped hemorrhages, these are all examples of what?

A

hypertensive retinopathy

51
Q

swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure, swelling or engorgement , uni or bi lateral, can be assymptomatic or cause headache/blurry vision/total vision loss/enlargement of blind spot, Paton’s lines: radial retinal lines cascading from the optic disc

A

papilledema

52
Q

would you see elevation of the optic disc in papilledema? y or n

A

yes

53
Q

what is the leading cause of blindness in the west?

A

age related macular degeneration

54
Q

loss of central vision, can be either “wet” or “dry” which can lead to retinal detachment

A

age related macular degeneration

55
Q

change in size of optic cup

A

glaucoma

56
Q

leading cause of blindness in african americans, 2nd leading cause of blindness overall, gradual vision loss with damage to the optic nerve

A

glaucoma

57
Q

a refractive defect of the eye, collimated light produces image focus in front of the retina when accomodation is relaxed

A

myopia or nearsightedness (can see far)

58
Q

either eyeball is too short or lens cannot become round enough, image not focused on the retina, not the same as presbyopia which is lack of ability for lens to accommodate with age

A

hyperopia or farsightedness

cannot see things close

59
Q

the eye….does this when moving from up to down, seen in hyperthyroidism

A

lid lag

60
Q

convergence may be poor in what?

A

hyperthyroidism

61
Q

shadow on the iris indicates narrow angle due to bowing of iris, you are at an increased risk of what because of this?

A

acute narrowing glaucoma

62
Q

used to determine if ocular alignment is normal

A

corneal light reflection

63
Q

an opacity of the lens (cataract), opacity of the vitreous, detached retina or retinoblastoma in children are indicators of what?

A

absence of red relfex

64
Q

pupils equal round reactive to light and accommodation

A

PERRLA

PD eyes (1 decks)

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