PCT 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What is cavitation
A
Cavitation is when the pressure on the suction side of the pump falls below the vapour pressure of the water. This leads to local boiling of the water which creates a formation of vapour bubbles. When these vapour bubbles travel to the inlet of the pump, a local implosion occurs and cavities suddenly collapse, ultimately causing damage to the pump.
2
Q
What Causes cavitation.
A
● Causes:
⮚ Lift is too high for the volume of water and pressure being discharged
⮚ Suction hose diameter is too small for the volume of water being discharged
⮚ May be a restriction or partial collapse of the suction line
⮚ Temperature of water being pumped is too high
⮚ Hydrant supply is being over-run
3
Q
What are some indicators of cavitation.
A
● Indicators:
⮚ Pump will make a noise like there were many small stones passing through it
⮚ Engine revolutions will increase
⮚ When operating from a hydrant supply, the compound gauge will show a negative pressure and collector hose will go soft
⮚ When draughting, the compound gauge will show maximum lift
⮚ Decrease in delivery flow
4
Q
Why should on board water be refilled ASAP?
A
Initially the on board supply of water will be used at an incident. Once an external supply has been connected, the on-board water tank should be re-filled prior to closing the tank to pump valve. This will ensure that if the external supply is compromised (e.g. burst collector line) the on board supply can be used until another supply can be connected.
5
Q
What Does the compound gauge show?
A
When on hydrant supply it indicates the pressure of water entering the pump from closed supplies in kPa. When the zero is crossed and the needle runs into the red it means supply is being over-run (cavitation). When used for draughting it indicates the height of lift from open supplies in kPa. Each -kPa calibration equals 1m lift
6
Q
What is the main pressure gauge?
A
Bourdon tube gauge showing the delivery pressure in kPa that the main pump is generating. (This gauge indicates ½ the kPa of the HP pump is when it is operating)
7
Q
What is the High-Pressure gauge?
A
Bourdon tube gauge showing the delivery pressure in kPa that the high-pressure pump is generating.
8
Q
What does the Flow gauge show?
A
Amount of flow in L/min through the delivery valves
9
Q
What is the maximum theoretical suction lift of any pump? What is the practical suction lift in the ACT?
A
Theoretical: 10.3 m
ACT: 7.5 m
10
Q
What is the main function of the pressure relief valve?
A
When a hose line is shut off or delivery valves are closed a pressure relief valve will:
● Prevent excessive delivery pressure to other lines
● Regulate the maximum delivery pressure from the main pump
11
Q
What are some supplementary cooling techniques?
A
● Open unused high-pressure delivery onto the ground
● Open unused high-pressure delivery into top tank filler
● Open branches regularly
● Connect main delivery to the tank filler point
● Disengage high pressure pump when not required
● Throttle back when high pressures are not required.
12
Q
What is inside a booster cabinet?
A
● Connection points for FF’s to connect to internal hydrant systems to boost pressure
● Some systems have their own pumps
● 2x 64mm Storz with pressure gauges
● Access to main supply
● Cabinet should display block plan
● Max test and operating pressures
13
Q
What is the maximum pressure that a pressure relief valve will bleed off?
A
● 200 kPa
14
Q
What are the steps taken in an entrapment procedure?
A
● Send a “RED” radio message with condition, assistance required, location, cylinder pressure, and personnel with you
● Activate DSU and commence tapping something to make more noise
● Remain calm and avoid excitement and exertion
● If a charged branch is available, saturate any combustible materials
● If possible, move to safest available place, preferably near load bearing structures.
15
Q
When can BA be removed at a structure fire?
A
A BA wearer can only remove their BA when they have exited the structure, are clear of the hazard area and are in clean, fresh air.
16
Q
What is present at a Stage 2 BA control point?
A
● ECO
● On deck team
● Horn/siren
● BA control board
17
Q
What are the 4 types of irrespirable atmospheres? (TOES)
A
● Toxic gases and fumes
● Oxygen deficient
● Elevated temperatures
● Smoke
18
Q
What are the components of the Scott Propak SCBA? (10)
A
● Harness and back plate
● Cylinder band and clamp
● Cylinder connector assembly
● Pressure reducer
● Demand valve and supply hose
● Face mask
● Pressure gauge and warning whistle
● Rescue second mask attachment (RSM)
● Cylinder
● First breath mechanism button
19
Q
What various things can be included in a CAN Report?
A
Conditions:
Where you are
Any obstacles
Fire conditions
Visibility
Layout
Actions:
All clear actions
Fire control progress
Cant find Ect.
Checking for extension
Needs:
Extra crew
Tools or equipment
Support work
20
Q
Explain why a hose line is essential when performing search and rescue?
A
● A charged hose line should be used when entering a structure fire. This allows for means of controlling the environment or dealing with an escalation of fire conditions.
● It also gives Firefighters a means of readily identifying the exit location.
21
Q
Describe how the arrangement of fuels can affect a wildfire.
A
● Separate pieces of fuel are harder to ignite,
● Tightly packed will smoulder,
● Fine loosely stacked burn quickly.
22
Q
What are some considerations and actions when siting an appliance for property protection?
A
Park appliance on “Lee” side of structure, front faces the exit.
Ensure hose is long enough to reach all around the structure
Have two emergency exit routes planned and a trigger point agreed upon.
Source a useable water point.
Move away flammable hazards.
Remove receptive fuel beds such as a wood pile
Clean gutters and fuel from around trees
If time permits, place control line around structure.
Extinguish spot fires early
Don’t waste water on large fire fronts.
Identify emergency exit routes
Best strategy may be to take shelter and extinguish lingering fire once front has passed.
23
Q
What are some wildfire hazards and precautions? (Only need 8)
A
● Heart attacks
● Hearing loss
● Hazardous trees and branches
● Fire over-runs
● Vehicle accidents
● Traffic
● Extreme temps
● Trips, slips and falls
● Electrical hazards
● Bushfire smoke
● Burning buildings and vehicles
● Fatigue
● Cuts, scratches, burns and bruises
● Exposure to sunlight
● Poor hygiene
● Critical incident stress
● Hazardous materials
● Bites and stings
24
Q
What are 2 methods to confirm the location of a bushfire?
A
● Fire towers – triangulation to get a grid reference (GR)
● Smoke
25
What are the 6 key positions in a Vertical Rescue Team?
● Incident Controller
● Operations Officer
● Safety Officer
● Edge Controller
● Patient Access/Litter attendant
● Haul Team
26
What is the sequence for a vertical rescue operation? (LAST)
● Locate the casualty
● Access and provide first Aid
● Stabilise the Casualty
● Transport
27
What does the acronym “ARCHER” stand for?
● Anchors – In line and secure
● Reeving – Correct and attached
● Carabiners – Locked and correctly loaded
● Harness – Fitted and secured
● Equipment – Suitable and safe
● Ropes – Secured, in-line, manned
28
Simply Describe Flammability range
The flammable range is the concentration range of a gas or vapour (expressed as a volume percent in air) that will burn or explode if an ignition source is present. The limits of the flammable range are between the UEL and LEL.
29
Simply Describe IM. (Ideal Mixture)
The ideal (most efficient) mixture, is the ratio of fuel to air that will burn with the maximum intensity and efficiency
30
Simply Describe LEL and UEL.
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): The lowest concentration of a gas or a vapor in the atmosphere that can produce a flash of fire in the presence of an ignition source.
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): The maximum concentration of a gas or vapor in the atmosphere that can generate a flash or a fire in the presence of an ignition source.
31
What is “Overhauling” and what are 4 benefits?
Overhaul involves the systematic checking, turning over and wetting down of structural materials and contents to ensure that no pockets of fire still exist.
Benefits of overhauling:
⮚ Locate hidden fires
⮚ Prevents rekindling of fires
⮚ Help determine the cause of the fire
⮚ Prevent unnecessary damage
32
What is the purpose of “Salvage operations” and what are the 3 phases?
Salvaging is the action taken during and immediately after the fire to minimise the damage caused by fire and by the water used to extinguish it.
The 3 phases are:
⮚ Preventative
⮚ Protective
⮚ Recovery
33
What is ventilation?
The removal/cooling of heat and fire gases, with the introduction of fresh, cool air.
34
What are 10 considerations for a ventilation strategy that incorporates PPV usage after a fire has been extinguished?
● Whether the fire has been completely
extinguished
● The prevailing wind direction and strength
● The location for the inlet and outlet vents
● The number of rooms to be ventilated
● Which rooms are of priority
● The number of fans that will be required
● The manner in which these fans will be
deployed (single, serial or parallel)
● The availability of firefighters to
implement ventilation
● The likely impact imposed by the noise of
the PPV fan
● The likely impact of any exhaust fumes
35
What are the advantages (6) and disadvantages (5) of the fog pattern?
● Advantages:
⮚ Covers a larger surface area than the water spray
⮚ Absorbs heat rapidly within a contained area
⮚ Enhances the rate at which water is converted to steam, removing more heat from the surrounding fire than a spray pattern does
⮚ Minimises the damage to property
⮚ Maximises the effective use of water
⮚ Provides protection to firefighters from radiant heat.
● Disadvantages:
⮚ Has a very short reach
⮚ Will not cool hot objects unless it is applied directly onto them
⮚ Is affected by wind
⮚ In a fire affected compartment, a fog poses more of a threat to firefighters than other patterns because water is more readily converted to steam and may burn exposed skin
⮚ Can impede visibility
36
What does BSAHF mean?
● Building construction
● Smoke
● Air tracks
● Heat
● Flame
37
What is flashover and what are the 7 signs? (FLIP-HIV)
A sudden and sustained transition of a growing fire to a fully developed fire.
⮚ Signs:
o Ventilation controlled, vented fire
o Painful radiant heat with crews forced low
by the high temperatures
o Low turbulent neutral plane
o Fingers of flame through smoke
o Hot surfaces
o Increased rate of pyrolysis
o Increased turbulence of the neutral plane
38
What is backdraft and what are the 6 signs? (VL-AIDS)
If fire gases accumulate to significant proportions and there is an admission of air due to a new opening being made, there can be a sudden deflagration.
⮚ Signs:
o Ventilation controlled, non-vented fire
o Lack of visible flame
o Dirty smoke
o Smoke pulsating through small gaps and
openings
o Air being drawn in (whistling noise)
o Indicators of extreme heat – blistering of
paintwork, high levels of heat indicated
behind closed doors, crazing of glass in
windows, blackening
39
What is a fire gas ignition and what are the warning signs?
● An event that occurs in a separate
compartment due to build-up of fire
gases, high heat, and an ignition source
● Pyrolysis will occur from a separate
compartment from the seat of the fire
40
What are the 6 different classes of fire Extinguishers:
Class A Water (Red Band): Ordinary combustibles, woods, paper, cloth, rubber, coal, and carbon-based compounds.
Class B Foam (Blue Band): Flammable and combustible liquids such as petrol, oil, paint, thinners, kerosene, and alcohol.
Class C Dry Chemical (White band): Flammable gases, LPG, Butane, Acetylene, Hydrogen, natural gas, and Methane.
Class D Dry Chemical (White band): fires involve combustible metals such as Magnesium, aluminum, sodium, potassium
Class E Co2 (Black Band): fires are fires involving energized electrical equipment. Although the electricity is not a fuel firefighters need to safely contain this class of fire. If the electrical supply is shut off to the fire, the fire can then be treated according to the material involved.
Class F Wet Chemical (Beige Band): fire involve cooking oils and fats usually found in domestic and commercial kitchens.
41
What are the 8 stages of road crash rescue responses? (PRIGEDRT)
Preparation - To ensure adequate preparation for any incident, equipment must be maintained and personnel well trained.
Response - Consider approach to incident, positioning of vehicles and liaise with other emergency services.
Incident Management - Action circle, inner and outer circle assessment and hazard control.
Gaining Access - Should be rapid and safe, stabilisation of vehicle should be established at this point.
Emergency Care – Check Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Dangerous bleeding and stabilise casualty
Disentanglement - Disassembly, distortion, displacement or severance.
⮚Disassembly - Disassembly involves the removal of nuts, bolts, and other fasteners that hold the equipment together. Hand tools are generally used for this purpose
⮚ Distortion - This is the movement of equipment, debris or other obstructions, by the use of hand and/or hydraulically powered tools, and for this purpose the latter is far more effective.
⮚ Displacement - The complete removal of equipment, or debris from the vehicles or structures involved. Many of the tools available to the rescuer are suitable for this purpose.
⮚ Severance - Severance requires the use of cutting tools to cut debris or equipment so that it can be removed
Removal and Transfer – Of the patient, carried out after consultation with Ambulance officers.
Termination - Gain all particulars, control hazards and make up.
42
List 3 appropriate actions to manage LPG/CNG hazards.
● Turn the ignition key to ‘OFF’
● Isolate the gas supply at, or near, the cylinder, ensure that ALL cylinders are isolated.
● Disconnect the battery
43
What are the 3 different methods of gaining access?
● Through the doors
● Through a window
● By compromising the body of the vehicle
44
What are the responsibilities of ACTFR, ACTAS and AFP during an MVA?
● ACTFR
⮚ Primary rescue agency
⮚ Patient extrication
⮚ Firefighting
● AFP
⮚ Overall scene management
⮚ Accident investigation
⮚ Coronial investigation
⮚ Crowd control
⮚ Traffic control
● ACTAS
⮚ All aspects of patient care
45
What are 5 safety requirements to consider when working on electric/hybrid vehicles?
● Chock the wheels
● Inspect SRS systems
● Push the power switch and confirm the “ready” indicator is off
● Remove ignition key
● Inspect vehicle prior to using tools
46
What is meant by an outer circle search?
To complete the assessment, rescuers must search an outer circle area, looking for additional injured persons and or hazards. This can be made simultaneously with the inner circle assessment or when other rescue personnel become available. A distance up to about 30 metres from the vehicle(s) is usually required.
47
What is meant by an inner circle search?
To accurately assess the incident scene, rescuers must search around the vehicle(s) at a distance of about 2 to 5 metres. This involves looking in, under, above and around the vehicle to determine numbers of casualties, types of injuries, types of entrapment’s, hazards involved, access and other potential problems relating to the incident.
48
What is an Action Circle?
The action circle is the area immediately around the vehicle. At all times it must be kept clear of debris, glass and vehicle parts. When rescuers have temporarily ceased use of tools, they may be placed in this area. If the tool is finished with it should be returned to the tool staging area. Un-tasked rescuers should remain at the tool staging area, awaiting tasking.
49
What are 4 ways of determining if a vehicle is LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas)?
● A red square or diamond mounted in the centre of the number
plate with LPG
● Toggle switches on the dash to allow change from LPG to petrol
● The gas cylinders
● Gas cylinder filling points
50
What are 2 ways of determining if a vehicle is CNG (Compressed Natural Gas)?
● A red circle on the number plate with CNG lettering
● Lack of large mixers or regulators in the engine compartment
51
What questions should be asked on arrival at a trench rescue incident?
● What has happened?
● How many victims are there?
● Where in the trench were they last seen?
● How deep is the trench?
● What is the purpose of the trench?
● What’s been done so far?
52
What are 5 signs of impending trench collapse?
● Parallel cracks
● Fretting
● Slumping
● Bulging walls
● Deflection and creaking of shoring
53
What are the different types of fire alarms (Both dry and wet)?
● Dry:
⮚ Smoke
⮚ Heat
⮚ Flame
● Wet:
⮚ Sprinkler Systems
54
What does EWIS stand for?
Emergency Warning and Intercommunication system
55
What is the purpose of EWIS
EWIS systems are required in larger buildings and buildings over 25 metres in height. An EWIS system allows occupants to be alerted to an emergency situation via an alert tone, and/or be told to evacuate via an evacuation message. Instructions can also be issued from the EWIS panel to all building occupants via a public address system. Two way communications are available through the Warden Intercom Phones (WIP). These enable direct communications from the EWIS panel to individual WIP phones usually located on each level or zone within a building. Fire Wardens on each level can be directed to evacuate and control the evacuation of their floor or area.
56
What are 6 causes for false alarms?
● Activities that simulate fire and activate the detector such as
welding, cutting, or grinding.
● Interference with wiring
● Rainwater can leak into the back of the detector
● Improper installation or maintenance
● Sprinkler heads knocked off
● Activation from exhaust emissions
57
What percentages should the foam-pro be set to for Wet, Medium, and Dry foam effects and what is each one used for?
● Wet 0.1% to 0.3% (for direct attack at the head or flank of fires)
● Medium 0.3% to 0.6% (for indirect attack such as creating control
lines)
● Dry 0.7% to 1.0% (for exposure protection/structure pre-
treatment)
58
What are some advantages of CAFS?
● Lighter hose for FF to carry therefore less fatigue
● Absorption of heat
● Quick knockdown
● Extended stream reach
● Can make wet and dry foam applicable for various weather
conditions
● Pre-treatment of a structure can last 2-6 hours
● 5 times more effective than water (8,000L of water turns into
40,000L of foam)
● Ability to cling to assets
59
What are some of the limitations of CAFS?
● Affected by wind
● Environmental concerns
● Time required to flush after use
● Higher maintenance
● Initial jet reaction is higher than water.
● More components, higher skill level to operate
● Can’t be discharged near open water
● Monitoring of contamination
60
What is the optimal working pressure of foam?
700-800kPa
61
What info should be collected and passed to your supervisor if you are responding to a USAR incident?
● Incident Location
● Type and Magnitude of Incident
● Current Situation
62
What is conducted in the demobilization stage?
This will involve returning all personnel and equipment to staging areas so that everything can be returned to its pre-deployment state of readiness. Equipment should be cleaned and serviced in accordance with manufacturer’s guidelines and organisational standards prior to re-stowing.
This can include:
⮚ Cleaning or disposal of contaminated clothing
⮚ Inspection of equipment for damage and serviceability
⮚ Checking inventories
63
What are the 4 requirements for a knot? (DEES knots)
● Doesn’t damage the line
● Easy to tie
● Easy to untie
● Serves a purpose
64
What information can be found on confined space entry permits
● Part 1: Preliminary information
● Part 2: Isolation
● Part 3: Other precautions
● Part 4: Atmospheric testing requirements
● Part 5: Personal protective equipment
● Part 6: Personal entering/vacating
● Part 7: Authorisation
65
What are 3 methods for isolating services?
● Isolate dangers from confined space
● Isolation of moving parts
● Turn off at the source
● De-energise and lock-out
● De-energise and tag-out
66
What are some considerations for positioning the appliance?
● Position as close as possible to the rescue incident without impeding the operation and consider scene/evidence preservation.
● Allow access/egress for other emergency vehicles if possible, particularly ambulances.
● Position vehicles so as to maximise the effect of the on-board lighting system.
● Topography of the surrounding area, including bends in the road, crests etc.
● Water run-off from pump or firefighting activity
67
What is involved in the Daily check for RESUS kit?
● Open cylinder and check 100 Bar (10,000 kPa) or more in cylinder pressure
● Check the function of the oxygen therapy outlet by rotating the recessed flow control valve on the pressure reducer
● Connect demand valve and resuscitator bag to the patient valve, squeeze the bag and check demand valve functions by refilling bag
● Check suction by pressing button valve, cover suction inlet hose and feel for air coming out of suction catheter line
● Close the cylinder
● Release pressure (suction button valve or squeeze resuscitation bag)
● Check inventory
68
What are some of the different symptoms of heat exhaustion ?
⮚ Burning sensation on the skin
⮚ Lethargy
⮚ Abdominal discomfort
⮚ Nausea
⮚ Dizziness
69
What are some of the different symptoms of heat stroke ?
⮚ Collapse
⮚ Unconsciousness
⮚ Cyanosis
⮚ Walking difficulty
⮚ Speech difficulties
70
How does a ‘V’ pattern indicate area of origin
Fire generally travels upward and outward, leaving in the absence of barriers or unusual fire conditions a ‘v’ pattern in the structure left behind. This can indicate the area of origin.
71
Outline the order of entry in sequence and describe why this sequence is important? (Gaining Access)
Glass > timber > then masonry
● Due to speed and ease of entry. It’s also important due to cost of repairs/replacement.
72
Describe 4 pieces of small gear that could be utilized as forcible entry tool?
● Halligan Tool
● Sledgehammer
● Bolt cutters
● Axe
73
List some considerations when reporting forcible entry actions to your SO, as well as documenting them in your Bluebook.
● Inform SO of planned actions before attempting entry.
● So the SO can inform fire investigator if required.
● Document appropriate information of actions into your blue book.
● Document any other related information to your SO that you might have picked up or received.
● Important for police and fire investigation
● May create an air track and increase risk to crews inside.
74
How can a Halligan tool be used during search and rescue?
● Can be used to identify walls, objects, or casualties by being
swept along the ground whilst outstretched.
● To test to stability of the floor in front of you
● Can also be used for forced entry through stuck doors or
windows.
75
What does “BLEVE” stand for?
● Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion
76
Describe how BLEVE may be anticipated?
● Flame impingement
● Discolouration of gas cylinder
● Distortion of the gas cylinder
● Activation of the relief valve
● Relief valve sound becoming increasingly louder
77
A gardener has accidently cut through a gas service line to his house, briefly outline your actions to stop the leak.
● Have fire protection ready
● Full PPE and BA
● Adequate hearing protection
● Gas clamps and tools for digging
● One clamp should be sufficient
● When clamping off a main, clamp either side of damage as these lines are generally ring mains
78
What are contemporaneous notes?
All ACTFR personnel are issued with a “contemporaneous notebook”. These notebooks are for recording notes taken directly post incident or within a reasonable timeframe. Notes can be taken in written form or diagrams/sketches and must be signed and dated post writing. These notes can be called for as evidence in court proceedings.
79
What are some things that might be included in contemporaneous notes?
● Incident information such as incident number, date and time
● Crew disposition
● Your observations
● Your actions
● Any conversations with bystanders
80
What are some signs of operational stress?
● An inability to stop thinking about the scene,
● Difficulty in sleeping,
● Flashbacks or dreams of the scene,
● Frustration,
● Digestive problems,
● Becoming withdrawn,
● Headaches, and
● A general feeling of pre-occupation.
81
What are some considerations for making up an appliance?
● Strip only one appliance at a time
● Motor drivers are responsible for all equipment
● Ensure all gear is cleaned, dried and tested prior to putting back into appliance
● Replace all used equipment and consumables
82
What are some considerations for re-stowing an appliance?
● Make a note of all gear transferred.
● Check inventory of appliance you are re-stowing on to and ensure all equipment is accounted for and operational.
● Conduct daily vehicle checks.
● Site maps and keys are present.
● Cabin gear, personal gear and specialist gear is all present.
83
What are some considerations when fighting a fire at a crashed aircraft?
● Foam first for firefighter safety
● Rescue of passengers from crashed aircraft
● Dangerous/hazardous materials
● Rocket deployed emergency recovery parachutes
● Fuel hazards
● Site hazards
● Military aircraft incidents
● Agricultural and aerial application aircraft
84
What are some considerations on arrival at an aircraft incident?
● Approach with caution in case passengers have been ejected
● Approach from upwind to avoid fumes and inhaling toxic burning materials
85
Draw and label a sprinkler system.
86
What are the 4 basic functions of a sprinkler system?
● Detect the presence of fire
● Locate the area involved in fire
● Raise the alarm, both with the occupants of the building and the fire brigade
● Attack the fire
87
Illustrate and label the decon corridor.
88
When inside a fully encapsulated gas suit, what are you protected from?
● Liquids
● Solids
● Gases
● Vapours
89
What are 2 reasons for fully encapsulated gas suits?
● Where a high level of splash protection is required
● Where a harmful gas or vapour is present
90
Table the different gases and alarm levels that the MICRO RAE 4 head detector is capable of monitoring. (Draw the table)
91
Describe Containment Tactics
Containment tactics are the remedial actions needed to control a leak or spill at its source. Containment tactics generally involve entering the hot zone. This aggressive approach poses an increased level of risk to firefighters. Techniques and procedures used will depend on the hazardous material involved and the type of container the material is stored in. Examples of containment tactics include:
⮚ Up-righting and sealing leaking containers
⮚ Allowing the leak to continue then handling appropriately
⮚ Plugging and patching leaking containers
⮚ Closing valves and closing and tightening lids
92
Describe Confinement Tactics
Confinement tactics are the remedial actions needed to ensure a hazardous liquid or other hazardous spill does not spread any further into the environment. The confinement tactics selected (and the techniques and procedures supporting them) will depend on the hazardous liquid involved, the availability of resources and the location of the hazardous spill. Tactical options for confining hazardous spills may involve, diversion, dyking, retention or a combination of one or more of them.
93
What is the rank structure in ACTF&R?
● Firefighter (Recruit, 3rd, 2nd, 1st class)
● Senior Firefighter
● Senior Firefighter 15 years
● Station Officer
● Commander
● Superintendent
● Deputy Chief Officer
● Chief Officer
94
What are the 6 departments within ACTF&R?
● Operations
● Training and Development
● Specialized operations
● Projects and Programs
● Community Safety
● Capability Support
95
What are 12 roles of ACTFR?
● Fire
● Rescue
● HAZMAT/CBR
● Gas leaks
● USAR
● Storm damage
● Operations
● Flooding
● Medical assistance
● Community safety activities and education
● Fire safety awareness
● Training and development
96
Where are 3 locations to isolate solar systems?
● Roof top isolator
● Inverter
● Meter box
97
What distance should personnel be standing away from a live winch?
● 1.5x the length of the cable
98
What is the maximum lift whilst draughting?
● 10.3m
● 7.5m in ACT.
99
What are 4 considerations prior to ventilating?
● The size and location of the fire
● Likely air track any such ventilation is going to produce
● Materials used in the construction of the building
● Ability of firefighters to deal with any escalation in fire intensity
100
Where are the 4wd chains kept?
● Rescue 48, 49
101
What are the 5Rs?
● Report – to station officer
● Rectify – the problem at the station if possible
● Repair – the item through workshops
● Replace – the item or exchange
● Re-stow – the appliance
102
What are six uses for aerial appliances?
● Rescue and recovery
● Placing personnel and equipment on a building
● Water tower
● Lighting tower
● Observation platform
● Crane
103
What is RiskMan and how do you get access to it?
● The RiskMan application is an accident/incident reporting system designed for the online entry, notification and investigation of WHS incidents and accidents occurring in ACTPS workplaces.
● To submit an incident/accident/injury report click on ACTFR intranet – Brigade Forms – HR – RiskMan Accident/Injury Reporting.
104
Where would you find internal hydrants pre/post 1994?
● Pre 1994: no more than 4m from a designated exit
● Post 1994: inside a fire isolated stairwell
105
Name the key vehicle construction components (Diagram of a car)
106
3 methods of applying foam
● Bank down: This method can be used if there is a wall or other solid object behind the fire. Aim the stream directly at the wall above the fire and let the foam blanket flow back toward you.
● Roll on: This method can be used in the absence of any features to use with the bank down method. Start by gently laying the foam down in front of the fire and let it build up. As the foam builds up in quantity it will ‘roll’ forward and blanket the fire.
● Rain down: Foam streams may also be aimed above the fire and the foam allowed to rain onto it. Convection currents from the fire may disperse the foam and blanket the fire.
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What are 4 daywork support areas
● BA Section
● Training and Development
● Community Safety
● Technical and Operational Support
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What distance should you remain away from an energised vehicle?
8m
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What should you do when driving UDD through an active school zone?
● Slow to a reasonable speed and take extreme caution
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What roles and responsibilities do ACTF&R have in Swiftwater rescue?
● Station Officers and COMCEN are to ensure AFP are notified of any potential swiftwater rescue incident as soon as possible to ensure AFP resources are responded.
● ACTF&R can assist in identifying casualties, assisting AFP operations, packaging casualty for transport, and establish the hazard area.
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What are some different types of maps?
● The most common type of maps used in firefighting are topographic maps. Other types include:
⮚ thematic maps
⮚ orthophoto maps
⮚ photomosaics
⮚ cadastral maps
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What are the three different types of Bush fires?
● Ground Fire: Fire that burns the organic material in the soil layer.
● Surface Fire: Fire that travels just above the ground surface and in low lying vegetation.
● Crown Fire: Fire that burns in the crown of trees ahead of and above an intense fire.
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What are surface fuels and ladder fuels?
● Surface fuels: Are fuels on the ground such as grass, forest litter, small hers and shrubs.
● Ladder fuels: A continuous ladder of fuels from the ground surface to the crown of the vegetation encourages crown fire development due to an unbroken arrangement of fine fuels.
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What are 3 measurements for fuel hazard assessments?
● Surface fuel hazard
● Elevated fuel hazard
● Bark hazard
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How can hydrants be located?
● Hydrants are generally indicated by a “FH” embossed metal plate affixed to the gutter.
● On the road and adjacent to this “FH” plate is a blue “Cats eye”.
● ACTFR appliance MDTs also have the capability to assist in locating hydrants overlaid on maps.
● Contacting ComCen for the nearest hydrant location.
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What are the 5 uses of ladders?
● Rescue – From a 2 story structure or above
● Access – Gain entry above or below ground level
● Ventilation – Gaining access to ceiling or roof space
● Crawl Board – For fragile roofing or flooring
● Bridging – Between structures or voids/holes
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Where are the collectors on the Bronto and how many are there?
● Rear of the Bronto
● 2 on the offside, 2 on the nearside
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What are 2 causes of decrease in pressure on the positive side of the compound gauge?
● A burst delivery hose
● A burst collector length
● A failure of reticulated water supply
● Weight removed off delivery hose lines
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List 5 considerations when applying a tourniquet?
● Used on limbs.
● “High, tight and horizontal”
● Tourniquet needs to be a minimum of 4cm wide
● Place 100mm above bleed/wound
● Tighten until bleed stops.
● Mark time it was applied
● Don’t remove.
● Add second tourniquet if necessary. E.g. if bleed starts again when the casualty is moved.
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What are the 3 main functions of the Resus Kit?
● Oxygen resuscitation
● Oxygen therapy
● Suction
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What are the 3 primary types of water mains?
● Trunk mains: From 600mm to 3000mm, Trunk mains deliver water from the source to the treatment plants and to service reservoirs.
● Service mains: From 100mm (residential) to 600mm (industrial), a network of pipes that feed the various pressure zones from the reservoir, shut-off valves allow sections of the main to be isolated in case of breakage or repair.
● Ring mains: In some areas of high risk such as fuel depots, water mains are run completely around the risk and then coupled back into the water supply.
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What is a hazard?
● A hazard is a source of danger. Anything which has the potential to cause injury, illness, damage, or loss of property.
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What is a risk?
● Is the likelihood that a hazard will cause injury or ill health to a person or to damage property.
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What are the components of a SITREP?
● Call sign
● Location
● Nature of incident
● Extent of incident
● Size
● Risk or hazards
● Actions and operations in progress
● Resources required
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List the powers that the chief officer delegates down to ACTFR firefighters. (Only need 6)
● The chief officer of an emergency service may, for the protection or preservation of life, property or the environment –
⮚ With any necessary assistance and force, enter land; or
⮚ Close a street or road to traffic; or
⮚ Bring equipment onto land or into a structure or vehicle; or
⮚ Open a container, or dismantle equipment, using any necessary or reasonable force; or
⮚ Remove, dismantle, demolish or destroy a structure or vehicle; or
⮚ Contain an animal or substance; or
⮚ Remove or destroy an animal, a substance or vegetation; or
⮚ Turn off, disconnect or shut down a motor or equipment; or
⮚ Control, shut off or disconnect a supply of fuel, gas, electricity, water or anything else; or
⮚ Use a supply of water without charge; or
⮚ Give directions to regulate or prohibit the movement of people, animals or vehicles; or
⮚ Evacuate people or animals from an area to another place; or
⮚ Close any premises; or
⮚ Require a person to give information, answer questions, or produce documents or anything else, reasonably needed; or
⮚ Require a person to give reasonable assistance to a member of an emergency service.
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What are the 16 sections of a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) that provide information? (Only need to know 8)
● Chemical Product and Company Name
● Hazards identification
● Composition/Information on ingredients
● First Aid Measures
● Firefighting Measures
● Accidental Release measures
● Handling and Storing
● Exposure Control/Personal Protection
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