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ACTF&R College > PCT #2 > Flashcards

PCT #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is BSAHF

A

B-Building
S-Smoke
A-Air track
H-Heat
F-Flame

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2
Q

Describe a BLEVE

A

B-Boiling
L-Liquid
E-Expanding
V-Vapour
E-Explosion

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3
Q

What are the signs of flashover?

A

Ventilation controlled, vented fire
Painful radiant heat
Low turbulent neutral plane
Fingers of flame through smoke
Hot surfaces
Increased rate of pyrolysis
Increased turbulence of the neutral plane

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4
Q

What are the signs of backdraught?

A

Ventilation controlled, non-vented fire
Lack of visible flame
Dirty smoke
Smoke pulsating
Air being drawn in
Indicators of extreme heat

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5
Q

Describe how BLEVE may be anticipated

A

Flame impingement
Discolouration of gas cylinder
Activation of relief valve
Relief valve sound becoming increasingly louder
Distortion of gas cylinder

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

What are ACTFR’s responsibilities in an RCR incident?

A

Primary rescue agency
Patient extrication
Firefighting

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8
Q

Hazards associated with EV/Hybrid

A

Electrocution
High voltage electrical components
High voltage battery
Inverter/Converter
High Voltage Cables
High alkaline electrolyte’s
Petrol engine may start without warning
Electric motors operate silently without warning.

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9
Q

Stage one components?

A

Preparation -
Maintain equipment
Training

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10
Q

Stage Two components

A

Response -
Safe travel to incident
Presence of medical aid
Approach to incident
Consider approach and position of rescue vehicle

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11
Q

Components of stage 3

A

Incident Management -
Assessment: inner and outer circle
Action circle
Equipment staging area
Support functions
Hazard Control

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12
Q

Components of stage 4

A

Gaining access -
Should be rapid and safe
Look before you leap
Ensure your action does not increase the risk

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13
Q

Stage 5 components

A

Emergency Care -
DRSABCD/SMARCH
Stabilise casualty
Consider dangers to self and casualty
Talk to patient at all time (be careful what you say)

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14
Q

Stage 6 components

A

Disentanglement -
Disassembly: remove nuts, bolts and other fasteners.
Distortion: move equipment, debris
Displacement: complete removal of equipment or debris
Severance: removal of debris or equipment using cutting tools.

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15
Q

Stage 7 components

A

Removal and transfer -
Removal
Transfer

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16
Q

Stage 8 components

A

Termination -
Final check
Vehicle surroundings
Removal of debris
Clean up and prep
Reports/recording details of incident
Blue book
Operational debrief

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17
Q

What are three different types of gaining access

A

Through the door
Through the window
By compromising the body the vehicle
Check the door can be opened manually

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18
Q

Describe inner and outer circle

A

Inner circle: 2-5m
Outer circle:30m

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19
Q

Describe action circle

A

Action circle is within 3m on vehicle maintain a clear work environment. Create a rubbish zone, staging area and support zone outside the 3m

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20
Q

List safety requirements when working with EV and hybrid vehicle.

A

Chock wheels
Identify vehicle
inspect for SRS
Apply park break
Push power switch to make sure the car is “off”
Remove ignition key and remove from proximity
do not cut or disconnect orange cabling

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21
Q

What are some actions when managing LPG/CNG hazards in RCR

A

Turn ignition key off/remove key
Disconnect the battery
Isolate gas cylinders
Notify OIC/IC

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

What is orthostatic intolerance?

A

Orthostatic intolerance is when blood pools in the lower legs when a person is not moving and suspended. This results in “fainting like” condition.

24
Q

Signs and Symptoms of orthostatic intolerance

A

Light-headedness
palpitations
poor concentration
fatigue
headache
faintness
breathlessness
sweating
paleness
nausea
dizziness
increased heart rate
low blood pressure
low heart rate and loss of vision.

25
Q

What is Suspension Trauma?

A

Suspension Trauma is a result of orthostatic intolerance. When the blood pools, you get a build up of waste products, electrolyte imbalance and a loss of blood volume.

26
Q

Australian standard rescue line construction

A

11 mm and 16 mm.
SWL 375kg minimum (11mm)
Kernmantle (kern takes load, mantle protects kern)
Safety factor of 8:1

27
Q
A
28
Q

What is ARCHER?

A

A – Anchors: In line, secure and bomb proof.
R – Reeving: Correct and attached.
C – Carabiners: Locked and correctly loaded.
H – Harness: Fitted and secured correctly.
E – Equipment: Suitable and safe.
R – Ropes: Secured, protected, in line and manned.

29
Q

List 10 Considerations during scene reconnaissance and size-up

A

Number and type of casualties
Location
Access
Weather
Night operations
Ground stability
Anchors
Sheer faces
Clearances and Overhangs
Greasy or oily surfaces
Hot surfaces
Air quality

30
Q

What is LAST?

A

Location
Access and Egress Routes
Stabilise
Transport

31
Q

6 Key Positions of the Vertical Rescue Team

A

Incident Controller: First arriving Station Officer.

Operations Officer: Must be a Level 2 Vertical Rescue Operator.

Safety Officer: The supervision and checking of all personnel, rigging and safety systems. Must be Level 2 Vertical Rescue Operator if possible.

Edge Controller: Responsible for coordinating & communicating between the crews above and below the edge.

Patient Access/Litter Attendant: Responsible for access, first-aid, packaging and extrication.
Haul Team: Team responsible for hauling of rescue load.

32
Q

What are 3 types of heat transfer?

A

Radiation, Convection, Conduction

33
Q

What are the three types of bush fires?

A

Ground Fire
Surface Fire
Crown Fire

34
Q

What is required for spotting to occur?

A

Suitable fuel type
Sufficient energy release to carry particles
A receptive fuel bed
Spotting favours an unstable atmosphere and upper and lower winds mixing

35
Q

What are the four elements of wildfire fuel that affect fire behaviour?

A

Type - grass, trees, shrubs etc
Size and quantity - fine fuels <6mm, heavy fuels >6mm
Arrangement - dense forest or fine loosely stacked
Moisture content - how damp fuel is, dry fuel will burn better.

36
Q

Why is fire travelling up a slope bad and what is the rule of thumb?

A

Fire travelling up a slope means that is there a shorter distance for radiant heat to travel.

For every 10 degrees of slope, the rate of spread doubles.

37
Q

What are the six indicators of extreme fire behaviour relating to wildfire?

A

Rapid increase is in fire’s intensity
High sustained rate of fire spread
Well developed convection column
Long distance spotting (over 180m)
Fire whirlwinds
Sudden calming of the wind

38
Q

What are the different offensive strategies and their components?

A

Direct attack - quick, done from either burnt or unburnt side, greater exposure to heat or smoke
Parallel attack - bring the black with you, less expose to heat and smoke, fire gets larger
Indirect attack - back burning, least exposure, makes fires larger, heavy resource load

39
Q

What are the four different defensive strategies and their components?

A

Line Defence - protecting an individual asset
Ember Defence - protect asset from ember attack
Backstop defence - retreat to safe zone, adopt line of defence
Observe and patrol - no immediate threat or inaccessible terrain

40
Q

Name 8 structural protection must’s

A

Source usable water source
Remove receptive fuel beds
Clean gutters and fuel from around trees
If time permits, put in control line
Extinguish spot fires early
Don’t waste water on large fire fronts
Have two exit routes
Ensure hoses are long enough to reach all the way around structure.

41
Q

Describe the entrapment procedure. (wildfire)

A

Park in clear or burnt out area
Send red message and active distress signal
Spray around vehicle with water or foam
Leave charged branch behind front wheels
Turn on all lights and siren
Windows up, AC on and on recirculating air
All crew inside cabin
Lower protection curtains
Activate emergency spray system
Cover crew with wildfire blankets

42
Q

What are some advantages of using CAFS

A

Lighter hoses for FF’s to carry (less fatigue)
Absorption of heat
Can make wet and dry foam for didn’t weather conditions
pre-treatment of a structures can last for 2-6hours
5 times more effective then water( 8,000L of water turns into 40,000l of foam
Ability to cling to assets

43
Q
A
44
Q

List the most common collapse patterns

A
  1. Curtain Fall Wall Collapse
  2. Inward / Outward Collapse
  3. Lean Over Collapse
  4. Lean to Collapse
  5. Angle Wall Collapse
  6. Pancake floor collapse
  7. Secondary collapse / other building
  8. Inverted, “A” or tent collapse
  9. “V” collapse
  10. Cantilever collapse
  11. Progressive collapse
45
Q

USAR Scene Preservation considerations

A

Anything that indicates the potential presence of a person should:

  • Be left untouched in the location it was found.
    • Reported as soon as possible to AFP officers on scene.
    • During and after operations AFP Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) officers will attend to and collect this evidence in accordance with their procedures.
46
Q

Components of USAR Markings

A

*know how to apply the following

V: drawn near the location of victim and accompanied by an arrow towards victim.
L: number of live victims
D: number of deceased
Circle: (drawn around V) indicates victim has been extricated from location

47
Q

Signs of trench collapse (5)

A

Parallel/ tension collapse
Fretting
Slumping
Bulging
Shoring movement

48
Q

What questions are asked at a trench rescue size-up?

A
  1. What has happened?
  2. How many casualties are there?
  3. Where in the trench were they last seen?
  4. How deep is the trench?
  5. What is the purpose of the trench?
  6. What’s been done so far?
49
Q

Types of Trench Collapse

A

Lip collapse
Wall shear
Wall slough
Spoil pile sliding
Bedding material accidentally dumped

50
Q

What is the rule of thumb for aircraft incidents?

A

The rule of thumb is initially to fight only the fire that interferes with the rescue and establishing an evacuation path

51
Q

Considerations when arriving at an airport incident

A

*Report to gate 5
Transmit arrival message and await airport safety officer
*Turn off lights and beacons

52
Q

Swift rescue role

A

AFP is the ‘lead agency’ responsible for Swiftwater rescue within the ACT, however, ACTF&R may well be responded to, and arrive first at, a Swiftwater rescue incident.

UNDER NO CIRCUMSTAR THE WATER. ONLYR
LAND BASED RESCUES CAN BE EXECUTED.

53
Q

Swift rescue techniques (response)

A

Reach - Use any piece of equipment to reach the casualty branches, ladders, fuse puller, hot stick, etc

Throw - Throw bags, standard rope, GP line, hose etc.
If a rope is thrown across the waterway, the rope should be kept diagonal not perpendicular to the water flow. This will negate the ‘V’ effect and will assist casualties/rescuers to the side of the waterway;

Row - Any craft which will safely access casualty (keep rope attached to craft). Technicians only!

Go - Rescue Swimmer. Technicians only!

54
Q

Types of dry alarms

A

Heat detectors
Smoke detectors
Flame detectors

55
Q

3 methods of isolation (confined space)

A
  1. De-energize, lockout and tag-out machinery, including parts with stored energy;
  2. Remove valve, spool piece or joint. Replace with suitable marked blank cap;
  3. Spade, wheel or lever valve closed, locked and tagged;
56
Q

Label this diagram

A

ACTF&R College (9 decks)

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