Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SCIAPP > PCS > Flashcards

PCS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between the 2 types of fragrances? (Definition)

A

1, Fine Fragrances: they are blends of fragrant essential oils and/or aroma compounds that are diluted in solvents

2, Functional Fragrances: they are blends of cheaper synthetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference between the 2 types of fragrances? (Benefits)

A

1, Fine Fragrances:

  • they impart a pleasant scent
  • they enhance mood
  • they boost confidence
  • they increase attractiveness

2, Functional Fragrances:
- they are cost-effective, as cheaper synthetics are used in the fragrance blends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the difference between the 2 types of fragrances? (Purpose)

A 
1, Fine Fragrances
they are meant to 
- verbalise an individual’s unique personality
- uplift moods
- cater to special occasions
- trigger happy memories

2, Functional Fragrances
they are meant to
- impart a pleasant and suitable odour to increase the aesthetic properties of a product or provide a theme to a range of products
- mask the base odour
- harmonise the base odour if the base odour is too strong to be hidden
- act as subliminal support by making a product seem better at its job
- exhibit anti-bacterial properties to aid in preservation of a product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the difference between the 2 types of fragrances? (Classification)

A

1, Fine Fragrances

  • liquid perfumes, which are made up of fragrance concentrates mixed with ethanol/water
  • perfume oils, which are made up of fragrance concentrates mixed with oil
  • solid perfumes/scented balms, which are made up of fragrance concentrates mixed with melted butter/waxes/oils left to harden

2, Functional Fragrances

  • personal care products (eg, deodorants, shampoos, body washes)
  • home care products (eg, detergents, air fresheners, dishwashing soaps)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 5 industry trends?

A 
1, Prestige & Personalise
2, Immersive experiences
3, Building trust
4, Eco-friendly
5, Gender-neutral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prestige & Personalise (Industry Trend):
1, What is it?
2, What is it brought about by?
3, Examples?

A

1, It is an increase in demand for luxury artisanal fragrances

2, It is brought about by 3 things:

1. an increase in income level and living standards —> increase in affluence of consumers —> increase in demand for fragrances that are personalised and unique 
2. an increase in promotion of personal grooming 
3. an increase in promotion of the need of a conducive environment

3, An eg is an increase in the prominence of niche brands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
Immersive Experiences (Industry Trend): 
1, How can this be done (3 ways)?
2, What is the benefit?
A

1, Immersive experiences can be created by providing workshops which educate on fragrance development, infusing interesting & fun sensorial activities at experiential booths or creating brand identity through aesthetic pop-ups

2, This can benefit the brand as these experiences will increase consumers’ loyalty to brands, thus making them more willing to purchase their products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Building Trust (Industry Trend):
1, How can this be done (3)?
2, What is this brought about by?
2, What is the benefit?

A

1, This can be done by properly labelling products, avoiding environmental & societal impacts by using raw materials that are sustainably sourced and educating consumers on the pros and cons of naturals and synthetics

2, This is brought about by an increase in advocacy of conscious consumption by consumers

3, This is beneficial as it can influence consumers’ purchase decision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Eco-friendly (Industry Trend):

1, How can this be done (4)?

A

1, by eliminating unnecessary packaging
2, by using recyclable/compostable materials
3, by repurposing boxes
4, by using a return and refill reward scheme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gender-neutral (Industry Trends):
1, What is this?
2, What is the benefit?

A

1, It is the trend of creating unisex fragrances which represents the industry’s shift in mind-set from norms about gender-conforming identities

2, This is beneficial as it shows greater openness and acceptance by consumers, thus allowing for greater creativity in the industry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the different types of ingredients? (2)

A

1, Natural ingredients (of animal origin/of plant origin)

2, Synthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the different types of natural ingredients? (2) Define them and list examples of them

A

1, Natural ingredients of animal origin

  • They are exotic and complex scents which impart elegance and radiance
  • They make perfumes last longer
  • Eg: Ambergis from sperm whales, Civet from civet cats

2, Natural ingredients of plant origin

- They are derived from different parts of the plant
- Eg: Fruits from citrus fruits, Flowers from roses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are synthetic ingredients? What are its benefits?

A

Synthetic ingredients are ingredients that are man-made and do not exist in nature. They are chemically synthesised organic molecules which contain functional groups (esters, ketones).
They are more desirable and more consistent in smell and quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are fragrance bases and their benefits?

A

Fragrance bases are semi-finished perfumes blended from essential oils/aromatic compounds to depict a theme that help with quick fragrance compounding

Benefits:

  • Reusable
  • Aid in mellowing down overpowering scents
  • Can mimic scents that are expensive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are fragrance notes classified? What is the order of classification?

A

Fragrance notes are classified by their evaporation rate. Fragrance notes with a higher evaporation rate are at the top of the pyramid while fragrance notes with a lower evaporation rate are at the bottom of the pyramid.

Order of Classification (Top to bottom):
1, Top Notes
2, Transitory Notes
3, Base Notes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

1, What are top notes?
2, How long do top notes last for?
3, Provide examples (4)

A

1, Top notes are the first notes perceived after applying perfume.
2, Top notes last for around 15 minutes.
3, Examples:
- Citrus family (Orange) –> fresh, citrusy, sweet scents –> impart refreshing/uplifting notes

  • Green family (Tuplal) –> powerful, green, leafy scents –> impart natural green notes on fruity, citrus, floral compositions
  • Herbaceous family (Lavender) –> fresh, sweet, floral scents –> impart freshness
  • Marine family (Aquamor) –> fresh, clean, oceanic scents –> pivotal for the launch of marine-themed fragrances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

1, What are transitory notes?
2, How long do transitory notes last for?
3, What are some examples (4)?

A

1, Transitory notes are notes which provide the general theme
2, They last for around 30-60 minutes
3, Eg:
- Herbaceous family (Clary sage) –> sweet, light, floral scents –> blends well with citrus, floral, herbaceous, woody fragrances

  • Fruity family (Raspberry ketone) –> fruity, sweet, woody scents –> complements floral notes
  • Floral family (Jasmine) –> floral, warm, rich scents –> used with rose scents to provide floral compositions
  • Spicy family (Black pepper) –> spicy, woody scents –> lend character and presence to perfume compositions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

1, What are base notes?
2, How long do they last for?
3, What are some examples (3)?

A

1, Base notes are notes which lay the foundation of the fragrance and stick to the skin
2, They last for around 5 hours
3, Eg:
- Woody family (Cedar wood) –> strong, clean, woody scents –> contributes to tenacity and rounding effects of perfume

  • Gourmand family (Vanillin) –> sweet, creamy, vanilla scents –> masks odours, impart tenacity
  • Must family (Galaxolide) –> powerful, musky, woody scents –> long-lasting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

1, What are the functions of shower products? (3)

2, What forms do they come in? (3)

A

1, Shower products are meant to (1) remove soil or dirty materials from our skin, (2) leave skin feeling soft and smooth and (3) leave skin feeling clean and fresh

2, They come in (1) gel, (2) liquid and (3) solid forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

1, What is the function of cleansers?

2, What forms do cleansers come in? (5)

A

1, Cleansers are meant to remove dirt, dust, loose skin cells, microorganisms, sebum, sweat and makeup from our skin

2, They come in (1) liquid, (2) paste, (3) emulsion, (4) bar and (5) powder forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

1, What are the functions of toners? (3)

2, What forms do toners come in? (3)

A

1, Toners are meant to (1) remove any final traces of dirt, soap residues or excess sebum from our skin, (2) temporarily shrink pore size and make skin feel smoother and (3) make skin feel refreshed

2, They come in (1) liquid, (2) lotion and (3) pad/wipe form

22
Q

1, What are the functions of moisturisers? (3)
2, What are the 2 types of moisturisers?
3, What forms do moisturisers come in? (3)

A

1, Moisturisers are meant to (1) relive symptoms of dry skin, (2) keep skin feeling soft and smooth and (3) help skin maintain moisture content

2, There are 2 types of moisturisers: (1) Water in oil moisturisers, which are rich, greasy and take longer to rub in and (2) Oil in water moisturisers, which are light, non-greasy and easy to rub in

3, They come in (1) lotion, (2) cream and (3) gel form

23
Q

1, What is the function of sunscreen products?

2, What forms do sunscreen products come in? (4)

A

1, Sunscreen products are meant to protect skin from sunburns by filtering out UV rays

2, They come in (1) lotion, (2) roll-on, (3) spray and (4) wipe forms

24
Q

1, What are acne caused by? (3)

2, What do anti-acne products contain? (2)

A

1, Acne is caused by: (1) increased sebum production, (2) abnormal keratinisation or (3) release of inflammatory mediators

2, Anti-acne products contain (1) astingent and (2) oil-control ingredients

25
Q

What are the functions of BB cream? (5)

A 
1, Moisturise skin
2, Prep skin for makeup
3, Reduce shine
4, Conceal blemishes
5, Act as sun protection
26
Q

What is the function of lipstick?

A

To enhance lip’s appearance by imparting colour

27
Q

What are the functions of powder? (2)

A

1, To complement skin colour

2, To enhance skin colour by masking shine

28
Q

What is the function of blusher?

A

To impart a healthy glow to skin

29
Q

What is the function of mascara?

A

To darken, colour, thicken and lengthen eyelashes

30
Q

1, What is the function of shampoo?

2, What form does it come in?

A

1, Shampoo is meant to clean the hair by removing the unwanted build-up of sebum in the hair without stripping out so much

2, It comes in the form of a viscous liquid

31
Q

What is the function of conditioner?

A

To improve the appearance and manageability of hair by reducing friction between the strands of hair

32
Q

What are the 3 layers of skin called?

A

1, Epidermis layer
2, Dermis layer
3, Hypodermis layer

33
Q

What is the function of skin? (6)

A 
1, Protection
2, Absorption
3, Sensation
4, Thermoregulation
5, Physical identity
6, Vitamin D synthesis
34
Q

What are the different skin types? (4)

A

1, Normal skin
2, Oily skin
3, Dry skin
4, Combination Skin

35
Q

1, What is the function of the epidermis layer?

2, What does the epidermis layer contain?

A

1, The epidermis layer is the protective barrier

2, It contains keratinocyte, which produces keratin, a tough and insoluble protein

36
Q

1, What is the dermis layer?

2, What does it contain? (8)

A

1, The dermis layer is a tough, viscoelastic tissue matrix
2, It contains (1) connective tissues, (2) collagen, (3) elastin, (4) nerve endings, (5) blood vessels, (6) hair follicles, (7) sweat glands and (8) sebaceous gland

37
Q

1, What is the hypodermis layer?

2, What is its function?

A

1, The hypodermis layer is a subcutaneous layer

2, The hypodermis layer connects skin to muscle tissues

38
Q

1, What are the characteristics of normal skin? (3)

2, What factors can contribute to its deterioration? (5)

A

1, Normal skin is (1) soft and moist, (2) has a fine texture and (3) does not have wrinkles or open pores

2, (1) Ageing, (2) Insufficient water intake, (3) Inadequate diet, (4) Improper skincare, or (5) Sun exposure

39
Q

1, What are the characteristics of oily skin? (2)

2, What is oily skin caused by?

A

1, Oily skin is (1) shiny and thick and (2) has enlarged pores

2, Oily skin is caused by overactive sebaceous glands

40
Q

1, What are the characteristics of dry skin? (2)

2, What is dry skin caused by?

A

1, Dry skin is 1) very fine and thin and (2) easily wrinkled

2, Dry skin is caused by underactive sebaceous glands

41
Q

What are the characteristics of combination skin?

A

Oily T-zone, normal/dry skin in other areas

42
Q

What factors contribute to skin colour (3)?

A

1, Melanin
2, Beta-carotene
3, Haemoglobin

43
Q

What are the 6 ingredients taught?

A 
1, Surfactants
2, Humectants
3, Emollients
4, Preservatives
5, Rheology modifiers
6, Other actives
44
Q

1, What is a surfactant?
2, What are some types of surfactants? (4)
3, What are the general uses of surfactants? (5)

A

1, A surfactant is an amphipathic molecule

2, (1) non-ionic surfactants, (2) anionic surfactants, (3) cationic surfactants, (4) amphoteric surfactants

3, (1) detergency, (2) wetting, (3) foaming, (4) thickening, (5) emulsification

45
Q

What is the purpose of humectants?

A

Humectants have the ability to attract water and hold water –> they have the ability to prevent skin and hair from drying out

46
Q

1, What is the purpose of emollients?

2, What are some types of emollients? (4)

A

1, Emollients slow down evaporation of water from the dermis layer of skin –> slows down rate of skin from drying out

2, (1) oil, (2) butter, (3) wax, or (4) ester

47
Q

What is the purpose of preservatives?

A

Preservatives ensure the safety and quality of products by protecting against the growth of microorganism during storage and use

48
Q

What are some types of rheology modifiers? (3)

A

1, Small molecules
2, Fatty alcohols
3, Polymers

49
Q

What are the 3 types of actives?

A

1, Anti-Ageing
2, Antioxidants
3, Skin Brightening

50
Q

What are the purposes of anti-ageing actives? (3)

A

1, Prevent water loss from dermis layer
2, Contain anti-oxidising properties
3, Replenish depleted components, general skin stimulation and natural homeostasis of skin

51
Q

What are the purposes of antioxidant actives? (2)

A

1, Interrupt oxidation reactions

2, Slow down the degradation of natural ingredients

52
Q

What is the purpose of skin brightening actives?

A

To inhibit or slow down enzymes which produce melanin

SCIAPP (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions