pcs 2

Question 1

fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 1

A D E K

Question 2

water soluble vitamins?

Answer 2

B1,2,3,5,6,7,9,12 and C

Question 3

sources of vitamin A

Answer 3

carrots- contain carotenoids, liver- source of retinol

Question 4

functions of vit A?

Answer 4

retinal- eye cells, retinoic acid- gene regulation

Question 5

symptom of deficiency of vit A?

Answer 5

blindness

Question 6

function of vit d?

Answer 6

controls absorption of calcium in GI tract, which is important for bone health and controls phosphorus absorption

Question 7

function of vit d?

Answer 7

controls absorption of calcium in GI tract, which is important for bone health and controls phosphorus absorption

Question 8

deficiency of vit D?

Answer 8

rickets and osteomalacia (softening of the bone)

Question 9

how does vitamin d regulate calcium

Answer 9

increases calcium absorption in the gut, uses parathyroid hormone and reabsorbas Ca2+ in the kidney, liver,

Question 10

name of vitamin e

Answer 10

tocopherol

Question 11

sources of vitamin e?

Answer 11

nuts + plants oils

Question 12

sources of vitamin e?

Answer 12

nuts + plants oils

Question 13

functions of vit E?

Answer 13

antitoxidant, protects unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation

Question 14

sources of vitamin K?

Answer 14

K1- green leafy veggies
K2- animal foods

Question 15

what vitamin is antagonised with warfarin?

Answer 15

vitamin K

Question 16

source of b1 (thiamine)

Answer 16

wholegrains

Question 17

deficiency of vitamin b1

Answer 17

beriberi disease

Question 18

alcohol inhibits the absorption of what vitamin?

Answer 18

B1

Question 19

source of b2 (riboflavin)

Answer 19

liver and milk

Question 20

deficiency of vit b2 (riboflavin)?

Answer 20

raised homocysteine levels, higher CVD risk

Question 21

source of b3 (niacin)?

Answer 21

liver and nuts

Question 22

symtpoms o deficiency of vit b3 (niacin)?

Answer 22

pellagra, dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia

Question 23

source of vit b5 (pantothenic acid)

Answer 23

dairy, most foods

Question 24

source of b6 (pyridoxine)

Answer 24

wholegrains

Question 25

deficiency of vit 6 (pyridoxine)

Answer 25

dermatitis, confusion, raised homocysteine levels

Question 26

source of b7 (biotin)

Answer 26

liver

Question 27

function of biotin (b7)

Answer 27

co-factor for some enzymes, stabilised chromatin

Question 28

function of biotin (b7)

Answer 28

co-factor for some enzymes, stabilised chromatin

Question 29

source of folate b9

Answer 29

green leafy vegetables, liver

Question 30

source of folate b9

Answer 30

green leafy vegetables, liver

Question 31

function of folate b9

Answer 31

co-factor for enzymes in rna and dna synthesis, also used in rbc

Question 32

function of folate b9

Answer 32

co-factor for enzymes in rna and dna synthesis, also used in rbc

Question 33

deficiency of folate b9 symptoms

Answer 33

macrocytic anaemia, raised homocysteine levels, neural tube defects

Question 34

source of cobalamin b12 vit

Answer 34

animal foods

Question 35

function of cobalamin b12 vit

Answer 35

dna and rbc synthesis

Question 36

which b vitamin can be used in high doses to help treat cyanide

Answer 36

vitamin b12- as hydroxocobalamin

Question 37

which fluid helps with iron absorption and how?

Answer 37

orange juice- high in vitamin c which helps keep iron in its reduced form

Question 38

name of vit c

Answer 38

ascorbic acid

Question 39

functions of vit c

Answer 39

antioxidant, collagen synthesis, formation of carnitine, reduces iron

Question 40

deficiency of vit c

Answer 40

scurvy

Question 41

7 minerals

Answer 41

iron, Ca, magnesium, zinc, copper phosphorus iodine

Question 42

source of iron

Answer 42

red meat

Question 43

excess and deficiency of iron

Answer 43

E- haematochromatosis, D- microcytic anaemia

Question 44

excess and deficiency of calcium

Answer 44

def- osteoporosis, cv problems

Question 45

excess of magnesium symptoms

Answer 45

diarrhoea

Question 46

excess zinc symptom

Answer 46

copper deficiency

Question 47

excess copper symptoms

Answer 47

damages liver and kidneys

Question 48

source of zinc

Answer 48

fish and meat

Question 49

function of iodine

Answer 49

thyroid hormone for metabolic rate

Question 50

deficiency of iodine symptoms

Answer 50

goitre- swelling of thyroid gland

Question 51

describe iron absorption

Answer 51

ferritin stores Fe3+, fe3+ gets reduced to Fe2+ by ferrireductase, iron within enterocytes can be stored as ferritin or transferred into the bloodstream via the protein ferroportin

Question 52

active form of vitamin d3 is

Answer 52

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
activation involves liver then kidney

Question 53

fat absorption occurs in the

Answer 53

gI tract

Question 54

relationship between b1 and warfarin

Answer 54

warfarin reduces vitamin k recycling- less clotting occurs- so more bleeding occurs

Question 55

prolonged/heavy alcohol consumption can lead to..

Answer 55

b1 deficiency

Question 56

iron deficiency causes what type of anaemia

Answer 56

microcytic anaemia- smaller volume of red blood cell

Question 57

b12 and b9 defiende both cause

Answer 57

macrocytic anaemia

Question 58

glucose typical concentration is..

Answer 58

4.5mM

Question 59

fatty acids are bound to..

Answer 59

albumin

Question 60

TAGs (triacylgylcerols) are within…

Answer 60

lipoproteins

Question 61

what are the major fuels circulating in plasma

Answer 61

glucose, lactate, amino acids, ketone bodies, fatty acids, TAGs

Question 62

what does the body do when there is excess glucose?

Answer 62

glucose is stored as glycogen or fat
cell cannot store large amounts of ATP
rising ATP levels limit glucose catabolism

Question 63

what does the body do when there is low glucose

Answer 63

glycogenolysis- breaking down glycogen stores
lipolysis- breaking down lipids
gluconeogenesis- making glucose