PCQA FINALS Flashcards
Group 5A
The Nitrogen Family
Group 5A
The Pnictogen Family
5A members
Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorus (P)
Arsenic (As)
Antimony (Sb)
Bismuth (Bi)
Chemical Properties:
outer s2p3 electron
configuration
5A
sharing of 3 or 5 outer
electrons → 3+ & 5+
5A
could also have a -3
oxidation
5A
Bi does
not have the tendency to
accept electrons
True
Sb, As, P, N may accept
three electrons to pair up
electrons in the outer p
orbitals
antimonides,
arsenides, phosphides
and nitrides
5A Compounds are covalent
T
M + H2 → Hydrides
ammonia (NH3)
phosphine (PH3)
arsine (AsH3)
stibine (SbH3)
bismuthine (BiH3)
All Hydrides of Group 5A are poisonous except
NH3
Nitrogen A.K.A.
Azote
Azote
No Life
Mephitic Air
N
3 bonds form
N
N Occurs free in atmosphere
T
N is a Component of plant and animal tissues
T
Use by plants-nitrogen fixation
N
N cylinder color
Black
Dry Air Components
- 78.09% Nitrogen,
- 20.95% oxygen,
- 0.93% Argon,
- 0.039% carbon dioxide,
- and small amounts of other gases.
Replace air in container
for parenteral solution
Nitrogen Gas
Triple bond-responsible
for inertness
Nitrogen Gas
Refrigerant
Liquid Nitrogen
Liquid Nitrogen
cryogenics
N2O
Nitrous oxide
“Laughing Gas”
N2O
General anesthetic
(Inhalational)
N2O
Not use alone-
causes diffusion
HYPOXIA
N2O
N2O color cylinder
blue
Gas (brown
color or pale
blue liquid)
N2O3
Brown gas
NO2
most abundant in Earth’s Atmosphere
N
Nitrogen
Used for the manufacture
of ammonia in the Haber
Process.
filler gas in electric lamps
and in high temperature
thermometers.
provide an inert
atmosphere in metallurgy
to prevent oxidation in
certain industrial
N processes.
P
Is normally a white waxy solid, which
is colourless and translucent. Stored
under water
P A.K.A
St. Elmo’s
Fire
Light carrier
(match)
P
P source
Apatite
P variety that are not poisonous
White/Yellow
Red Phosporous
Non-poisonous. Use
in preparation
of matches
This P4
tetrahedron is also
present in liquid and gaseous
phosphorus
White Phosphorus
up to what temperature of when it starts decomposing to P2 molecules
800 C
Metallic or Black Phosphorus
Heating P with Pb at 530°C
- the least reactive allotrope and the
thermodynamically stable form below 550 °C
Metallic or Black Phosphorus
Heating P with small quantity of
Na at _°C
Violet Phosphorus, 200 C
Violet Phosphorus
* produced by day-long annealing of red phosphorus _?
550 C
Made by heating PBr3 (phosphorus
tribromide) with Hg at _°C
. Scarlet Phosphorus, 240
Red Phosphorus
formed by heating white phosphorus to 250 °C
(482 °F) or by exposing white phosphorus to sunlight
COMPONENT OF PHYSIOLOGIC BUFFER:
HCO3, H2CO3
HCO3 (bicarbonate), H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
-plasma and kidneys
HPO4
-2
, H2PO4
HPO4-2 (monohydrogen phosphate), H3PO4
(dihydrogen phosphate)
-cells and kidneys
Hgb and CHON
RBC
most effective single system for buffering _ during _
process
Hgb and CHON; buffering H2CO3 during metabolic
process
▪ Adv. Enjoys containing dihydrogen & monohydrogen
phosphate ions
▪ Disadv: Insolubility with _ supports _
▪ Example. _ system
▪ Adv. Enjoys containing dihydrogen & monohydrogen
phosphate ions
▪ Disadv: Insolubility with Ag, Zn & Al, supports microbial
growth
▪ Example. Sorensen Buffer system
Phosphate Buffer
▪ Feldman’s Buffer System
▪ Atkins & Pantin Buffer System
▪ Gifford Buffer System
Borate Buffer
▪ Feldman’s Buffer System( ph 7-8.2) acid solutions of
Boric acid, NaCl & Sodium borate
▪ Atkins & Pantin Buffer System (ph 7.6-11) alkaline
solutions of Na2CO3
, Boric acid & NaCl
▪ Gifford Buffer System(ph 6-7.8) –similar with Feldman
but KCl is used instead of Nacl
Toxic, protoplasmic poison
As
As _ metal
Lewisite metal
Anti-syphilis discovered
by_
Anti-syphilis discovered
by Paul Erlich
As Component of
Salvarsan, Arsphenamine,
Compound 606
As is anti-
Anti-syphilis; Antileukemia
Preparation of various insecticide
As
As Sources
Arsenopyrite (Iron Arsenic
Sulfide (FeAsS
Cu Aceto Arsenate
“Paris Green”
K Arsenite
“Fowler’s Solution”
Donovan’s solution
Red solution containing
AsI3 (Arsenic triiodide) or HgI2
(mercuric iodide)
Red solution containing
_or _
Donovan’s solution
▪ Red solution containing
AsI3 (Arsenic triiodide) or HgI2
(mercuric iodide)
When arsenic is present, a _ is generated in the
filter paper moistened with silver
nitrate solution
GUTZEIT TEST; a light
brown spot
As can do what to nails
Cause pale nail bonds on
finger nails
Bind with sulfhydryl
group
▪ Cystein-rich in sulfhydryl
▪ Curly hair-cystein
ANTIDOTE for As poisoning
BAL
BAL
Dimercaprol, also called British anti-Lewisite
