PCQ's a major player in the failing scene Flashcards

1
Q

How many PCQ’s could you PCQ if PCQ’s PCQed PCQ’s?

A

2

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2
Q

Do proteosomes require ATP?

A

Yea Boiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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3
Q

do chaperones require ATP?

A

Yea Boiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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4
Q

chaperones

A
  • Expression increases upon unusually high temperatures

- Helps proteins fold

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5
Q

proteosomes

A
  • degrades proteins

- once proteins are bound, they are not released

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6
Q

What type of covalent modification provides a binding site for the proteosome?

A

polyubiquitination

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7
Q

Which enzyme adds the covalent modification required for degradation by the proteasome to a protein target?

A

ubiquitin ligase (E3)

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8
Q

Degradation of a protein can be activated by:

A
  • changes in gene expression for a protein that interacts with the E3
  • covalent modifications to a protein that interacts with the target protein
  • covalent modifications to the target protein
  • covalent modifications to the E3
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9
Q

Which protein provides the specificity in protein target selection for ubiquitylation?

A

ubiquitin ligase (E3)

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10
Q

What is the primary function of most signaling receptors?

A

directly sense a change, a chemical, or a macromolecule in the extracellular environment

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11
Q

What is the primary function of a signaling effector?

A

directly turn on or off a cellular process

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12
Q

What can be a signaling molecule?

A
  • What can be a signaling molecule?
  • a membrane protein on another cell
  • amino acid
  • steroid
  • fatty acid
  • peptide
  • secreted protein
  • dissolved gas
  • nucleotide
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13
Q

A signaling receptor has to recognize a particular signal over other signals – this means that it has:

A

high specificity

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14
Q

what type of cell-cell signaling involves only one cell?

A

autocrine

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15
Q

what type of cell-cell signaling requires one cell to be proximal (close) to, but not touching, another cell?

A

paracrine

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16
Q

what type of cell-cell signaling requires a cell to be physically in touch with another cell?

A

contact-dependent

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17
Q

What attaches a phosphate group covalently to a target molecule, like a protein or a lipid?

A

Kinase

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18
Q

second messengers

A
  • can be produced in the cytosol
  • can originate from the plasma membrane
  • includes small chemicals
  • includes proteins
  • relays a signal by diffusion away from its place of origin to other parts of the cell
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19
Q

What uses a trimeric complex that contains a GTPase for intracellular signaling?

A

a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)

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20
Q

What can be found in membranes?

A
  • cholesterol
  • receptors for chemical signals
  • glycolipids
  • phospholipids
  • proteins that serve a structural role
  • proteins that transport molecules
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21
Q

The endoplasmic reticulum is the main site of production for:

A
  • Proteins that are secreted from the cell

- Transmembrane proteins found in the ER, Golgi, and plasma membranes

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22
Q

Match the following properties of ER localized proteins to their type (Transmembrane, Soluble, or Both).

requires an ER signal sequence for localization

A

Both

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23
Q

Match the following properties of ER localized proteins to their type (Transmembrane, Soluble, or Both).

requires SRP for localization

A

Both

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24
Q

Match the following properties of ER localized proteins to their type (Transmembrane, Soluble, or Both).

can carry a stop-transfer signal

A

Transmembrane

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25
Q

Match the following properties of ER localized proteins to their type (Transmembrane, Soluble, or Both).

can have its ER signal sequence cleaved off by signal peptidase

26
Q

Match the following properties of ER localized proteins to their type (Transmembrane, Soluble, or Both).

can contain an internal ER signal sequence

A

Transmembrane

27
Q

Sec61

A

-provides a channel for polypeptide passage into the ER lumen.

28
Q

SRP

A
  • binds to an ER membrane receptor
  • composed of a non-coding RNA and protein
  • binds to the ER signal sequence as it emerges from ribosomes
29
Q

ER signal sequence

A

bound by the Sec61 complex

30
Q

Signal sequences are _____

A

hydrophobic alpha helicies

31
Q

stop-transfer sequences are _____

A

hydrophobic alpha helicies

32
Q

When Ran is in its GTP bound form, it can bind directly to:

A
  • nuclear import receptors

- nuclear export receptors

33
Q

Proteins with NLSs are recognized by

34
Q

Proteins with NESs are recognized by

35
Q

Nuclear transport receptors stay associated with their cargo proteins untill….

A

only until they are delivered to their destination

36
Q

GTPases switch between two conformations, with switching enabled by

A
  • the unassisted binding of GTP, once GDP is dissociated
  • the activity of a GTPase activating protein
  • the activity of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor
  • GTP hydrolysis to GDP
37
Q

sorting signal sequences

A
  • can occur in an internal region of a cargo protein
  • can be cut off after transport
  • can be found at the tertiary level of protein structure
  • are recognized by receptors that guide proteins to their destination
38
Q

Gated transport

A

Transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

39
Q

Transmembrane transport

A

transport across or into a membrane from the cytosol

40
Q

Vesicular transport

A

Transport within membrane enclosed structures, from one membrane enclosed compartment to another

41
Q

Site of membrane protein synthesis

42
Q

Major site of DNA and RNA synthesis

43
Q

Main site of protein synthesis and degradation

44
Q

Site of Ca2+ storage

45
Q

Site of lipid synthesis

46
Q

Site of secreted protein synthesis

47
Q

receives lipids and proteins from the ER

48
Q

where material is taken up into the cell before transport to the lysosome

49
Q

site of macromolecule, particle and organelle degradation

50
Q

Composed of organized stacks of disc-like compartments

51
Q

PDI

A

catalyzes the formation of disulfide bonds in the ER

52
Q

BiP

A

ATP-dependent protein chaperone, ensures that only properly folded ER localized proteins move on to the Golgi

53
Q

Oligosaccharyl transferase

A

catalyzes the covalent addition of a sugar-containing group to ER localized proteins

54
Q

During the progression of a cell surface receptor from the ER to the plasma membrane, the receptor domains that ultimately face outside of the cell are located on _________ and __________

A
  • the ER lumen-facing side of the ER membrane

- the inside surface of transport vesicles

55
Q

while the domains that ultimately face the inside of the cell are located on __________ and ________

A
  • the cytosolic side of the ER membrane

- the outside surface of transport vesicles

56
Q

What was primary advantage of using pancreatic cells in George Palade’s experiments for discerning the order and vesicle transport mechanism of the secretory pathway?

A

the cells produce large amounts of digestive enzymes

57
Q

In the Palade pulse-chase experiments, what was labeled with radioactivity?

A

newly synthesized proteins

58
Q

Secretory pathway (includes exocytosis) order of vesicle transport

A

ER -> Golgi -> Cell surface (and other organells)

59
Q

Endocytosis order of vesicle transport

A

Cell Surface -> Endosomes -> Lysosomes (sometimes)

60
Q

Retrieval pathway (also called retrograde transport) order of vesicle transport

A

Golgi -> ER