PCQ's a major player in the failing scene

Question 1

How many PCQ’s could you PCQ if PCQ’s PCQed PCQ’s?

Answer 1

2

Question 2

Do proteosomes require ATP?

Answer 2

Yea Boiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 3

do chaperones require ATP?

Answer 3

Yea Boiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 4

chaperones

Answer 4

• Expression increases upon unusually high temperatures

- Helps proteins fold

Question 5

proteosomes

Answer 5

• degrades proteins

- once proteins are bound, they are not released

Question 6

What type of covalent modification provides a binding site for the proteosome?

Answer 6

polyubiquitination

Question 7

Which enzyme adds the covalent modification required for degradation by the proteasome to a protein target?

Answer 7

ubiquitin ligase (E3)

Question 8

Degradation of a protein can be activated by:

Answer 8

• changes in gene expression for a protein that interacts with the E3
• covalent modifications to a protein that interacts with the target protein
• covalent modifications to the target protein
• covalent modifications to the E3

Question 9

Which protein provides the specificity in protein target selection for ubiquitylation?

Answer 9

ubiquitin ligase (E3)

Question 10

What is the primary function of most signaling receptors?

Answer 10

directly sense a change, a chemical, or a macromolecule in the extracellular environment

Question 11

What is the primary function of a signaling effector?

Answer 11

directly turn on or off a cellular process

Question 12

What can be a signaling molecule?

Answer 12

• What can be a signaling molecule?
• a membrane protein on another cell
• amino acid
• steroid
• fatty acid
• peptide
• secreted protein
• dissolved gas
• nucleotide

Question 13

A signaling receptor has to recognize a particular signal over other signals – this means that it has:

Answer 13

high specificity

Question 14

what type of cell-cell signaling involves only one cell?

Answer 14

autocrine

Question 15

what type of cell-cell signaling requires one cell to be proximal (close) to, but not touching, another cell?

Answer 15

paracrine

Question 16

what type of cell-cell signaling requires a cell to be physically in touch with another cell?

Answer 16

contact-dependent

Question 17

What attaches a phosphate group covalently to a target molecule, like a protein or a lipid?

Answer 17

Kinase

Question 18

second messengers

Answer 18

• can be produced in the cytosol
• can originate from the plasma membrane
• includes small chemicals
• includes proteins
• relays a signal by diffusion away from its place of origin to other parts of the cell

Question 19

What uses a trimeric complex that contains a GTPase for intracellular signaling?

Answer 19

a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)

Question 20

What can be found in membranes?

Answer 20

• cholesterol
• receptors for chemical signals
• glycolipids
• phospholipids
• proteins that serve a structural role
• proteins that transport molecules

Question 21

The endoplasmic reticulum is the main site of production for:

Answer 21

• Proteins that are secreted from the cell

- Transmembrane proteins found in the ER, Golgi, and plasma membranes

Question 22

Match the following properties of ER localized proteins to their type (Transmembrane, Soluble, or Both).

requires an ER signal sequence for localization

Answer 22

Both

Question 23

Match the following properties of ER localized proteins to their type (Transmembrane, Soluble, or Both).

requires SRP for localization

Answer 23

Both

Question 24

Match the following properties of ER localized proteins to their type (Transmembrane, Soluble, or Both).

can carry a stop-transfer signal

Answer 24

Transmembrane

Question 25

Match the following properties of ER localized proteins to their type (Transmembrane, Soluble, or Both). can have its ER signal sequence cleaved off by signal peptidase

Answer 25

both

Question 26

Match the following properties of ER localized proteins to their type (Transmembrane, Soluble, or Both). can contain an internal ER signal sequence

Answer 26

Transmembrane

Question 27

Sec61

Answer 27

-provides a channel for polypeptide passage into the ER lumen.

Question 28

SRP

Answer 28

- binds to an ER membrane receptor - composed of a non-coding RNA and protein - binds to the ER signal sequence as it emerges from ribosomes

Question 29

ER signal sequence

Answer 29

bound by the Sec61 complex

Question 30

Signal sequences are _____

Answer 30

hydrophobic alpha helicies

Question 31

stop-transfer sequences are _____

Answer 31

hydrophobic alpha helicies

Question 32

When Ran is in its GTP bound form, it can bind directly to:

Answer 32

- nuclear import receptors | - nuclear export receptors

Question 33

Proteins with NLSs are recognized by

Answer 33

importins

Question 34

Proteins with NESs are recognized by

Answer 34

exportins

Question 35

Nuclear transport receptors stay associated with their cargo proteins untill....

Answer 35

only until they are delivered to their destination

Question 36

GTPases switch between two conformations, with switching enabled by

Answer 36

- the unassisted binding of GTP, once GDP is dissociated - the activity of a GTPase activating protein - the activity of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor - GTP hydrolysis to GDP

Question 37

sorting signal sequences

Answer 37

- can occur in an internal region of a cargo protein - can be cut off after transport - can be found at the tertiary level of protein structure - are recognized by receptors that guide proteins to their destination

Question 38

Gated transport

Answer 38

Transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Question 39

Transmembrane transport

Answer 39

transport across or into a membrane from the cytosol

Question 40

Vesicular transport

Answer 40

Transport within membrane enclosed structures, from one membrane enclosed compartment to another

Question 41

Site of membrane protein synthesis

Answer 41

ER

Question 42

Major site of DNA and RNA synthesis

Answer 42

Nucleus

Question 43

Main site of protein synthesis and degradation

Answer 43

cytosol

Question 44

Site of Ca2+ storage

Answer 44

ER

Question 45

Site of lipid synthesis

Answer 45

ER

Question 46

Site of secreted protein synthesis

Answer 46

ER

Question 47

receives lipids and proteins from the ER

Answer 47

Golgi

Question 48

where material is taken up into the cell before transport to the lysosome

Answer 48

endosome

Question 49

site of macromolecule, particle and organelle degradation

Answer 49

Lysosome

Question 50

Composed of organized stacks of disc-like compartments

Answer 50

Golgi

Question 51

PDI

Answer 51

catalyzes the formation of disulfide bonds in the ER

Question 52

BiP

Answer 52

ATP-dependent protein chaperone, ensures that only properly folded ER localized proteins move on to the Golgi

Question 53

Oligosaccharyl transferase

Answer 53

catalyzes the covalent addition of a sugar-containing group to ER localized proteins

Question 54

During the progression of a cell surface receptor from the ER to the plasma membrane, the receptor domains that ultimately face outside of the cell are located on _________ and __________

Answer 54

- the ER lumen-facing side of the ER membrane | - the inside surface of transport vesicles

Question 55

while the domains that ultimately face the inside of the cell are located on __________ and ________

Answer 55

- the cytosolic side of the ER membrane | - the outside surface of transport vesicles

Question 56

What was primary advantage of using pancreatic cells in George Palade's experiments for discerning the order and vesicle transport mechanism of the secretory pathway?

Answer 56

the cells produce large amounts of digestive enzymes

Question 57

In the Palade pulse-chase experiments, what was labeled with radioactivity?

Answer 57

newly synthesized proteins

Question 58

Secretory pathway (includes exocytosis) order of vesicle transport

Answer 58

ER -> Golgi -> Cell surface (and other organells)

Question 59

Endocytosis order of vesicle transport

Answer 59

Cell Surface -> Endosomes -> Lysosomes (sometimes)

Question 60

Retrieval pathway (also called retrograde transport) order of vesicle transport

Answer 60

Golgi -> ER