PCP1 Theory

Question 1

Jaundice is usually apparent when the concentration of bilirubin is ______
Normal concentration of bilirubin is ______

Answer 1

Jaundice is usually apparent when the concentration of bilirubin is > 50 umol?L
Normal concentration of bilirubin is < 17 umol/L

Question 2

What is the difference between acute, persistent and chronic diarrhoea?

Answer 2

Acute- Abrupt onset with normally a few days duration e.g. gastroenteritis and food poisoningPersistent- diarrhoea lasting 2-4 weeksChronic-Slow development and long duration; symptoms last more than 4 weeks.

Question 3

What does bright red blood in the stools normally indicate?

Answer 3

Cause of the bleeding is close to the anus.

Question 4

Bleeding from the large intestine will translate to ______ blood, that is mixed/separate from the stools

Answer 4

dark red blood, that is mixed in with stool

Question 5

Bleeding from the upper GIT will translate to ______ blood

Answer 5

black and tarry (oxidised) blood–> melaena

Question 6

Abrupt onset of jaundice is likely due to ____ or ____
Insidious onset is more likely due to ____ or _____

Answer 6

Acute hepatitis or gall stones
Malignancy or chronic cirrhosis

Question 7

Jaundice that occurs intermittently points to ____ or _____ syndrome

Answer 7

gall stones in the common bile duct

Gilbert’s syndorme

Question 8

Associated symptoms with oropharyngeal dysphagia?

Answer 8

Coughing, chocking, nasal reguritation,
Inability to swallow or feeling of food getting stuck immediately after swallowing.

Question 9

Two types of oropharyngeal dysphagia? Significance of solids or liquids? Examples of disease?

Answer 9

Motility - difficulty solids and liquids, loss of neuromuscular control e.g. achalasia
Mechanical- solids only at onset, progress to liquids as well e.g. cancer of oesophagus