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Pharmacology > PCP Medication > Flashcards

PCP Medication Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classifications of Nitroglycerin?

A

Vasodilator

Anti-anginal

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2
Q

What are the mechanisms of action for Nitroglycerin?

A

Vascular smooth muscle relaxation

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3
Q

What are the indications for Nitroglycerin?

A 
Angina 
Chest Pain
HTN
CHF
Acute Pulmonary Edema
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4
Q

What are the contraindications for Nitroglycern?

A 
Hypotension
Hypovolemia 
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor use  
Intracranial bleed 
Head injuries
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5
Q

Nitroglycerin is supplied at?

A

0.4 mg spray (typically)

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6
Q

Nitroglycerin has a onset of?

A

1-3 min (SL)
15-30 min (topical)
30 min (transdermal)

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7
Q

Nitroglycerin has a duration of?

A 
25 min (SL)
7 hours (topical)
10-12 hours (transdermal)
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8
Q

Nitroglycerin has a half-life of?

A

1-4 min

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9
Q

What can be some adverse effects of Nitroglycerin?

A

Hypotension
Headache
Flush skin
Tachycardia

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10
Q

What does ASA stand for?

A

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)

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11
Q

What are the classification of ASA?

A

Platelet aggregation inhibitor
Analgesic
Antipyretic
Anti-inflammatory (NSAID)

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12
Q

What are the mechanisms of action for ASA?

A

Inhibits Thromboxane A2 synthesis by irreversibly inhibiting COX-1

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13
Q

What are the indications for ASA?

A 
ACS
Pain 
Inflammation 
Fever 
Migraine
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14
Q

What are the contraindications for ASA?

A

Bleeding
Allergy (NSAID + other)
Asthma* (ASA could cause a asthma attack)
Other NSAID use (NSAID can antagonize platelet aggregation effect of ASA)

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15
Q

ASA is supplied at?

A

80 or 81 mg (tablets)

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16
Q

ASA has a onset of?

A

15-30 min

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17
Q

ASA has a duration of?

A

4-6 hours

Peak is variable: 1-2 hours

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18
Q

ASA has a half-life of?

A

15-20 min

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19
Q

What can be some adverse effects of ASA?

A

Bleeding
Stomach irritation
Bronchoconstriction (in some asthmatics)
Possible stroke

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20
Q

What are the classifications for Glucagon?

A

Hyperglycemic agent
Glucose elevating agent
Insulin antagonist
Pancreatic hormone

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21
Q

What are the mechanisms of action for Glucagon?

A

Glycogenolysis in the liver (convert glycogen storages to glucose)

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22
Q

What are the indications for Glucagon?

A 
Hypoglycemia 
Esophagel obstruction (can relax esophagus and esophagel sphincter)
Beta blocker overdose (in large doses glucagon can be a positive inotrope and chonotrope)
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23
Q

What are the contraindications for Glucagon?

A

Allergy
Pheochromocytoma (rare adrenal tumor that can release catacholamines leading to marked BP increases)
SN: won’t work as well on Alcoholics because they have few glycogen stores

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24
Q

Glucagon is supplied at?

A

1 mg/ml

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25
Q

Glucagon has an onset of?

A

≤ 1 min

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26
Q

Glucagon has a duration of?

A

60-90 min

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27
Q

Glucagon has a half-life of?

A

8-18 min

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28
Q

What are some of the adverse effects of Glucagon?

A

Tachycardia
Hypotension
N/V (rare)

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29
Q

What is the classification for Oral Glucose?

A

Hyperglycemic

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30
Q

What are the mechanisms of action for Oral Glucose?

A

Simple sugar absorption increases blood sugar levels

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31
Q

What is the indication for Oral Glucose?

A

Hypoglycemia (must be conscious!)

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32
Q

What are the contraindications for Oral Glucose?

A 
N/V
Altered LOC (unable to protect airway)
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33
Q

What are the classifications for Salbutamol?

A

Sympathomimetic

Beta 2 Agonist `

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34
Q

What are the mechanisms of action for Salbutamol?

A

Stimulate beta 2 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle

Little affect on beta 1 (heart rate increase)

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35
Q

What are the indications for Salbutamol?

A

Bronchoconstriction (Asthma, COPD)

Hyperkalemia (Will stimulate Na+/K+ pumps, intracellular uptake of K+)

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36
Q

Salbutamol is supplied at?

A 
2.5 mg / 2.5 ml 
100 mcg (MDI)
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37
Q

Salbutamol has a onset of?

A

10 min

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38
Q

Salbutamol has a duration of?

A

3-4 hours

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39
Q

Salbutamol has a half-life of?

A

3-8 hours (neb/inhalation)

40
Q

What can be some of the adverse effects of Salbutamol?

A 
*Tremors*
Nervousness 
Headache 
Tachycardia 
Palpitations
41
Q

What is the brand name for Dimenhydrinate?

A

Gravol

42
Q

What are the classifications for Dimenhydrinate?

A

H1 Anti-histamine

Anti-emetic

43
Q

What are the mechanisms of action for Dimenhydrinate?

A

Competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites
Blocks chemoreceptor trigger zone
Diminishes vestibular stimulation
Blocks H1 receptors in vestibular system

44
Q

What are the indications for Dimenhydrinate?

A

N/V

Motion sickness

45
Q

What are the contraindications for Dimenhydrinate?

A

Other anti-cholinergic i.e. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) including OD
Tricyclic Anti-depressant OD

46
Q

Dimenhydrinate has a onset of?

A

1-5 min (IV)
15-30 min (oral)
Peaks 1-2 hours

47
Q

Dimenhydrinate has a duration of?

A

3-6 hours

48
Q

What is the brand name for Diphenhydramine?

A

Benadryl

49
Q

What is the classification of Diphenhydramine?

A

Anti-histamine

50
Q

What are the mechanisms of action for Diphenhydramine?

A

Similar to gravol

Blocks histamine for H1-receptor sites in GI tract, blood vessels, respiratory tract

51
Q

What are the indications for Diphenhydramine?

A

Allergic reaction

52
Q

What are the contraindications for Diphenhydramine?

A

Similar to gravol
Other anti-cholinergic i.e. Diphenhydrate (Gravol) including OD
Tricyclic Anti-depressant OD

53
Q

Diphenhydramine has a onset of?

A

1-5 min (IV)
Peak 1-2 hours (IV)
1-3 hours (oral)
Peak 2-4 hours (oral)

54
Q

Diphenhydramine has a duration of?

A

2-10 hours

55
Q

Diphenhydramie has a half-life of?

A

4-8 hours

56
Q

What are the classifications for Epinephrine?

A

Sympathomimetic

Direct-Acting Adrenergic Agonist

57
Q

What are the mechanisms of action for Epinephrine?

A

Cardiovascular - positive inotrope & chronotrope, all beta 1
Kidneys - beta 1 stimulates release of renin, angiotensin 1 -> angiotension 2, potent vasoconstrictor
Respiratory - bronchodilation, beta 2
Histamine - prevent further release of histamine
Hyperglycemia - increase gycogenolysis (liver) beta 2
-> Increased release of glucagon (alpha cells in pancreas) beta 2
->Decreased release of insulin (beta cells in pancreas) alpha 2

58
Q

What are the indications for Epinephrine?

A

Bronchoconstriction (asthma (severe), anaphylaxis)
Croup (precapillary arterial constriction, decreased hydrostatic pressure, fluid reabsorption from interstitium, decrease laryngeal mucoasal edema

59
Q

What are the contraindications for Epinephrine?

A

HTN
Pulmonary Edema
MI
Hypovolemic shock

60
Q

Epinephrine has a onset of?

A

immediately

61
Q

Epinephrine has a duration of?

A

5-10 min

62
Q

What are some of the adverse effects of Epinephrine?

A 
Tachycardia
HTN
Arrhythmia
Pulmonary edema
CP
63
Q

What is the brand name for Acetaminophen?

A

Tylenol

64
Q

What are the classifications of Acetaminophen?

A

Analgesic
Antipyretic
Mild anti-inflammatory

65
Q

What are the mechanisms of action for Acetaminophen?

A

Largely unknown
Possibilities:
Pain - Block COX which is the catalyst that ultimately leads to prostaglandin production
Inflammation - Believed to inhibit primarily COX-2 which leads to the inhibition of prostaglandin production which plays a role in inflammation

66
Q

What is the indication for Acetaminophen?

A
  • Pain management*

* Not interested in anti-inflammatory effects

67
Q

What are the contraindications for Acetaminophen?

A

Allergy
Liver Disease
Active vomiting
Acetaminophen within past 4 hours

68
Q

What can be come adverse effects of Acetaminophen?

A

Hepatic necrosis

69
Q

Acetaminophen has a onset of?

A

1 hour

Peak 1-3 hours

70
Q

Acetaminophen has a duration of?

A

3-4 hours

71
Q

What is the brand name of ketorolac?

A

Toradol

72
Q

What are the classifications for ketorolac?

A

NSAID

analgesic

73
Q

What are the mechanisms of action for ketorolac?

A

Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis

74
Q

What are the indications for ketorolac

A

Inflammation
Pain management
Best for renal colic

75
Q

What are the contraindications for ketorolac?

A 
NSAID or Ibuprofen use 6 hours ago 
Allergy to ASA or NSAID
Anti-coagulation therapy 
Peptic ulcer 
GI bleeding 
Asthma 
CVA/TBI
Renal impairments
76
Q

What are some of the adverse effects of ketorolac?

A

Bleeding ( 5X greater risk than ibuprofen)
Nausea
Hyper/hypotension

77
Q

Ketorolac has a onset of?

A

10 min

Peak 1-2 hours

78
Q

Ketorolac has a duration of?

A

2-6 hours

79
Q

What is the classification for Ibuprofen?

A

NSAID

80
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Ibuprofen?

A

Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

81
Q

What are the indications for Ibuprofen?

A

Inflammation

Pain management

82
Q

What are the contraindications for Ibuprofen?

A 
NSAID or ketorolac use 6 hours ago 
Allergy to ASA or NSAID
Anti-coagulation therapy 
Peptic ulcer 
GI bleeding 
Asthma 
CVA/TBI
Renal impairments
83
Q

What are some of the adverse effects of Ibuprofen?

A

Bleeding
Nausea
Hyper/hypotension

84
Q

What is the brand name for Naloxone?

A

Narcan

85
Q

What is the classification of Naloxone?

A

Opioid antagonist

86
Q

What are the mechanisms of action for Naloxone?

A

Competes for and displaces opioids from their receptor

87
Q

What is the indication for Naloxone?

A

Opioid overdose

88
Q

What is the contraindication for Naloxone?

A

cautious use with opioid addiction

89
Q

What can be some adverse effects with Naloxone?

A 
Withdrawal symptoms
Tachycardia
HTN
Arrhythmias
N/V
Diaphoresis 
Pulmonary Edema
90
Q

Naloxone has a onset of?

A

2 min (IV)
2-5 min (IM)
8-10 min (IN)

91
Q

Naloxone has a duration of?

A

30-120 min

92
Q

Naloxone has a half-life of?

A

3-4 hours (neonates)

0.5-1.5 hours (adults)

93
Q

Dextrose is also known as?

A

D50W

94
Q

What are the mechanisms of action for Dextrose

A

Replaces sugar and carbohydrates

95
Q

What is the indication for Dextrose?

A

Hypoglycemia

96
Q

What are the contraindications for Dextrose?

A

Increased intracranial pressure

Dehydration

97
Q

What are some of the adverse effects of Dextrose?

A

Dehydration
Necrosis @ entry site
Hyperglycemia
Hyperosmolarity

Pharmacology (1 decks)

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