PCOS Flashcards
What are the THREE characteristics of PCOS?
- Hyperandrogenism
- Ovulatory Dysfunction
- Polycystic Ovaries
Is there a known etiology for PCOS?
No
What are two co-morbidities that patients with PCOS are at risk for developing?
T2 Diabetes
Cardiovascular Disease
What is seen on US in a patient with PCOS?
“String of Pearls”
*** Need 12 or mole follicles in each ovary measuring 2-9 mm in diameter with an increased ovarian volume ( >10mL )
T/F: Obesity may amplifies the effect of PCOS
True
But it is not part of the diagnostic criteria
Hyperinsulinemia may result in _______ (increased/decreased) levels of sex hormone-binding globulin and thus _____ (more/less) biovailable circulating androgen
Decreased
T/F: Infertility is not a possible mainfestation of PCOS
False
What are examples of skin manifestations of PCOS?
Hirsutism
Acne
Alopecia
Acanthosis nigracans
In a patient with PCOS they have an increased risk for insulin ________
Resistance
Due to an increased risk for insulin resistance in a PCOS patient, what are two concerning possible manifestations?
Metabolic Syndrome
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
When working up PCOS you must rule out of androgen excess…..
What are examples of these causes?
Androgen Secreting Tumor Cushing's Acromegaly Primary Ovarian Failure Thyroid Disease Prolactin Disorders
Which of the following is not a recommended laboratory test when working up PCOS?
A) Total and Free Testosterone
B) CBC
C) Thyroid Panel
D) Prolactin Levels
B) CBC
What is the recommended primary treatment of PCOS?
Why?
Combined Hormonal Contraceptives
Suppress LH secretion which suppress ovarian androgen secretion
Increases SHIBG which decreases free testosterone levels
What medication is often given in PCOS to improve insulin sensitivity?
Why is this medication theorized to improved infertility in PCOS as well?
Metformin
As insulin sensitivity increase, the lower levels of insulin are though to decrease circulating androgen levels improving ovulation rate
What are TWO lifestyle recommendations for patients with PCOS?
Diet + Exercise (decrease DM risk) Weight Loss (improve metabolic abnormalities)
