P.COLOGY1: Cancer Physiology Flashcards
1
Q
What is cancer?
A
Group of diseases
Characterised by abnormal cell growth through which cells can spread from site of origin (primary tumour) to other sites in the body (2ndary tumours)
2
Q
What is tumour growth dependent on?
A
- Delivery of nutrients
- O2 via increased vascular supply (angiogenesis)
3
Q
Name the types of tumours
A
- Benign
- Malignant
4
Q
Describe a benign tumour
A
- Cells well-differentiated
- Slow-growing
- Encapsulated (grow in a contained area)
- Does not metastasize (spread)
5
Q
Describe a malignant tumour
A
- Cells poorly-differentiated
- Fast-growing (frequent cell division)
- Intravasation (cancer cells entering bloodstream), stop @ distant size + spreads
6
Q
Name the classes of cancer
A
- Carcinoma
- Sarcoma
- Lymphoma
- Leukaemia
7
Q
List the causes of caner
A
- Diet
- Weight
- Sunlight
- Physical activity
- Body weight
- Tobacco
- Hormones
- Occupational carcinogens
- Medical treatment
- Pollution
- Genetic factors
8
Q
What are the symptoms of lung cancer?
A
- Cough haemotysis
- Chest pain
- Breathlessness
- Tiredness
9
Q
What are the symptoms of pancreatic cancer?
A
- Weight loss
- Stomach/back pain
- Jaundice
- Diabetes development
10
Q
What are the symptoms of breast cancer?
A
- Lump
- Breast size changes
- Discharge
- Bleeding
- Weight loss
11
Q
What makes a cell metastatic?
A
- Mutagenic initiation
- Point mutations
- Chromosomal mutations
- Epigenetic alterations
12
Q
Outline the metastatic cascade
A
13
Q
Describe characteristics of cancer cells
A
14
Q
Outline normal angiogenesis
A
15
Q
Outline properties of metastatic cells
A
-
local invasion into vasculature
- loss of cell adhesion
- gain of alternate adhesion
-
survival in a vessel
- selectins
- plateletW-enhanced metastatic spread
- arrest @ distant size
- extravasation
- growth of 2ndary tumour + angiogenesis
19
Q
What is the difference between normal angiogenesis + pathological angiogenesis?
A
