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pcol pr Flashcards

1
Q

comes from Greek Words Pharmakon - Drugs /medicine Logos [Logy] -To study
-is defined as a Study of drugs.
-is the INTERACTION of drugs and living organisms.

A

Pharmacology

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2
Q

a chemical substance, [other than food and water] derived from either natural, synthetic, microbial, and other source, presented in different dosage forms used in prevention, diagnosis relieve or alleviate, as supplement [to enhance physical or mental well-being] and treatment or cure, of diseases.

A

Drug [Medicine]

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3
Q

a chemical substance, [other than food and water] derived from either natural, synthetic, microbial, and other source, presented in different dosage forms used in prevention, diagnosis relieve or alleviate, as supplement [to enhance physical or mental well-being] and treatment or cure, of diseases.

A

Drug [Medicine] -

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4
Q

Sources of drugs

A

I. Natural Sources:
1.Plant Sources
2. Animal Sources
3.Marine Sources
4.Microbial Sources
5.Mineral Sources
ll.Synthetic-Man-Made [Laboratory]
III. Semi-synthetic Sources
IV-Biosynthetic sources (genetically engineered drugs)

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5
Q

Types of doses of drug and effect:

A
  1. Therapeutic dose
  2. Toxic dose
  3. Lethal effect
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6
Q
  • Amount of medication required to produce the desired outcome
    Effect-Therapeutic effect.
A

Therapeutic dose

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7
Q

-amount of drug more than the therapeutic dose. Effect-toxic effect

A

Toxic dose

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8
Q
  • dose of drug that produce deadly effect. Effect instant .
    Conventional lethal injection protocol. Typically, three drugs are used in lethal injection. Pancuronium bromide (Pavulon) is used to cause muscle paralysis and respiratory arrest, potassium chloride to stop the heart, and midazolam for sedation.
A

Lethal effect

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9
Q

Formula or Rules Used to adjust Child’s Dose:

A
  1. Fried’s Rule
  2. Young’s Rule
  3. Cowling’s Rule
    4.Clark’s Rule
  4. Nomogram
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10
Q

For infants up to 2 years.
Age in months / 150 X adult dose [a.d]

A

Fried’s Rule

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11
Q

Age in years / Age in years + 12 X Adult dose [a.d]

A

Young’s Rule

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12
Q

Age of child at next birthday / 24 X Adult dose [a.d]

A

Cowling’s Rule

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13
Q

Weight in pounds [lbs] / 150 X adult dose [a.d]

A

4.Clark’s Rule

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14
Q
  • this formula utilized both Height and Weight [Body Surface Area or BSA] of the patient
A

Nomogram

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15
Q

PHARMACOKINETIC PRINCIPLE [THE LADMER SYSTEM]

A

LIBERATION
ABSORPTION
METABOLISM [OR BIOTRANSFORMATION]
EXCRETION OR ELIMINATION
DISTRIBUTION

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16
Q

-IS THE RELEASE OF DRUG FROM ITS DOSAGE FORM.

A

LIBERATION

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17
Q

-THE TRANSFER OF DRUG ACROSS THE BIOLOGIC MEMBRANES TO THE TARGETTISSUE.BIOLOGIC MEMBRANE MAYBE THE SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE EYES OR EAR, VAGINA OR RECTUM.

A

ABSORPTION

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18
Q
  • THE PROCESS BY WHICH DRUGS ARE TRANSPORTED BY BLOOD OR OTHER FLUIDS TO THE SITE OF ACTION.
A

DISTRIBUTION

19
Q

THE PROCESS BY WHICH A DRUG IS ENZYMATICALLY CONVERTED OR CONJUGATED FROM ITS ORIGINAL FORM TO A SIMPLER COMPOUND.

A

METABOLISM [OR BIOTRANSFORMATION]-

20
Q

-THE PROCESS BY WHICH A DRUG IS REMOVED FROM THE BODY.

A

EXCRETION OR ELIMINATION

21
Q

=the time that takes the drug to reach it MINIMUM effect

A

ONSET OF ACTION

22
Q

= the time that takes the drug to reach it MAXIMUM effect

A

PEAK OF ACTION

23
Q

=the length of time that the drug remains in the body.

A

DURATION OF ACTION

24
Q

=the receptor of drug. The molecular cell where the drugs exerts its action and effect

A

SITE OF ACTION

25
Q

=DRUG-RECEPTOR INTERACTION -WHAT THE DRUG DOES TO THE BODY.

A

PHARMACODYNAMIC

26
Q

TYPES OF DRUG INTERACTION

A
  1. ADDITIVE 1+1 =2
  2. POTENTIATION 0+1=2
  3. ANTAGONISM 1+1=0
  4. SYNERGYSM 1+1=3
27
Q

When two [2] or more drugs are given together and their effect is EQUAL to their respective effects when given together.

A
  1. ADDITIVE 1+1 =2
28
Q

when the action of one drug is INCREASED by the presence of a second drug.

A
  1. POTENTIATION 0+1=2
29
Q

When the action of one drug REDUCES or BLOCKS the effect of a second drug.

A
  1. ANTAGONISM 1+1=0
30
Q

relating to the interaction or cooperation of two or more substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.

A
  1. SYNERGYSM 1+1=3
31
Q

–is expected effect

A

side effect

32
Q

is unexpected effect

A

adverse effect

33
Q

all drugs are toxic identified by the incidence and severity of adverse reaction.

A

TOXICITY

34
Q

Generic Act of 1988.-

A

Republic Act No. 6675

35
Q

Pharmacy Law -

A

Republic Act No. 5921

36
Q
  1. Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. -
A

Republic Act No. 3720

37
Q

Consumers act of the Philippines 1991.

A

Republic Act No. 7394

38
Q
  1. An act penalizing persons driving under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs and similar substances.-
A

Republic Act No. 10586

39
Q
  1. Comprehensive drug act of 2002.-
A

Republic Act No. 9165

40
Q

7.An act providing for cheaper and quality medicines-

A

Republic Act No. 9502

41
Q
  1. Dangerous Drug Act of 1972.-
A

Republic Act No. 6425

42
Q
  1. An act regulating and modernizing the practice of pharmacy.-
A

RA Act No. 10918

43
Q
  1. Special law on counterfeit drugs-
A

Republic act 8203

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