PCOL Exam 3 Drug Classes Flashcards by Julianna Asher

Q

Hydralazine

A

Direct vasodilator

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Q

BiDil

A

Direct vasodilator

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Q

minoxidil

A

Direct vasodilator

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Q

diazoxide

A

Direct vasodilator

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Q

Natrecor

A

Brain Natriuretic Peptide

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Q

Neprilysin inhibitor: Sacubitril (Sacubritril + valsartan = Entresto)

A

Brain Natriuretic Peptide

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Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Organic Nitrates (Nitrosovasodilators)

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Q

Isosorbide dinitrate

A

Organic Nitrates (Nitrosovasodilators)

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Q

Isosorbide - 5- mononitrate

A

Organic Nitrates (Nitrosovasodilators)

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Q

Nitroprusside (SNP)

A

Nitrosovasodilators

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Q

Ranolazine

A

Drug Directly affecting Cardiac Currents

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Q

sildenafil

A

PDE-5 inhibitors (Vasodilators for Erectile Dysfunction and Pulmonary Artery Hypertension)

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Q

tadalafil

A

PDE-5 inhibitors (Vasodilators for Erectile Dysfunction)

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Q

vardenafil

A

PDE-5 inhibitors (Vasodilators for Erectile Dysfunction)

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Q

Avanafil

A

PDE-5 inhibitors (Vasodilators for Erectile Dysfunction)

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Q

Alprostadil

A

PGE analog (Vasodilators for Erectile Dysfunction)

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Q

Dinoprostone

A

PGE 2 analog (Prostaglandin-based drugs)

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Q

dinoprost

A

PGF 2a analog (Prostaglandin-based drugs)

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Q

carboprost

A

PGF 2a analog (Prostaglandin-based drugs)

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Q

bimatoprost

A

PGF 2a analog (Prostaglandin-based drugs)

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Q

latanoprost

A

PGF 2a analog (Prostaglandin-based drugs)

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Q

tafluprost

A

PGF 2a analog (Prostaglandin-based drugs)

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Q

travoprost

A

PGF 2a analog (Prostaglandin-based drugs)

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Q

Nitric Oxide

A

Vasodilators for Pulmonary Artery Hypertension

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Epoprostenol

Prostacyclin analogs (Vasodilators for Pulmonary Artery Hypertension)

iloprost

Prostacyclin analogs (Vasodilators for Pulmonary Artery Hypertension)

treprostinil

Prostacyclin analogs (Vasodilators for Pulmonary Artery Hypertension)

selexipag

Prostacyclin analogs (Vasodilators for Pulmonary Artery Hypertension)

bosentan

Endothelin receptor antagonist (Vasodilators for Pulmonary Artery Hypertension)

macitentan

Endothelin receptor antagonist (Vasodilators for Pulmonary Artery Hypertension)

ambrisentan

Endothelin receptor antagonist (Vasodilators for Pulmonary Artery Hypertension)

Riociguat

Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulant (Vasodilators for Pulmonary Artery Hypertension)

Nifedipine

Gen 1 Dihydropyridines (DHPs Calcium Channel Blockers)

Diltiazem

Gen 1 Non-Dihydropyridines (Non-DHPs Calcium Channel Blockers)

Verapamil

Gen 1 Non-Dihydropyridines (Non-DHPs Calcium Channel Blockers)

Nicardipine (IV)

Gen 1 Dihydropyridines (DHPs Calcium Channel Blockers)

Isradipine

Gen 2 Dihydropyridines (DHPs Calcium Channel Blockers)

Nimodipine (for cerebrovascular spasm)

Gen 2 Dihydropyridines (DHPs Calcium Channel Blockers)

Nisoldipine

Gen 2 Dihydropyridines (DHPs Calcium Channel Blockers)

Felodipine

Gen 2 Dihydropyridines (DHPs Calcium Channel Blockers)

Clevidipine (IV)

Gen 3 Dihydropyridines (DHPs Calcium Channel Blockers)

Amlodipine

Gen 3 Dihydropyridines (DHPs Calcium Channel Blockers)

lercanidipine

Gen 4 Dihydropyridines (DHPs Calcium Channel Blockers)

Lacidipine

Gen 4 Dihydropyridines (DHPs Calcium Channel Blockers)

Aliskiren

Direct Renin Inhibitors (DRIs RAAS inhibitor of angiotensinogen t angiotensin 1)

Benazepril

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors of converting Angiotensin I to angiotensin II) Inactive ester prodrugs, converted to active metabolites (‘prilat’) by the liver Administered orally Eliminated via kidneys

moexipril

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors of converting Angiotensin I to angiotensin II) Inactive ester prodrugs, converted to active metabolites (‘prilat’) by the liver Administered orally Eliminated via kidneys

Perindopril

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors of converting Angiotensin I to angiotensin II) Inactive ester prodrugs, converted to active metabolites (‘prilat’) by the liver Administered orally Eliminated via kidneys

ramipril

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors of converting Angiotensin I to angiotensin II) Inactive ester prodrugs, converted to active metabolites (‘prilat’) by the liver Administered orally Eliminated via kidneys

Trandolapril

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors of converting Angiotensin I to angiotensin II) Inactive ester prodrugs, converted to active metabolites (‘prilat’) by the liver Administered orally Eliminated via kidneys

Enalapril

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors of converting Angiotensin I to angiotensin II) Inactive ester prodrugs, converted to active metabolites (‘prilat’) by the liver Administered orally Eliminated via kidneys

Enalaprilat

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors of converting Angiotensin I to angiotensin II) Active as is, *administered IV

Captopril

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors of converting Angiotensin I to angiotensin II) Active drug, active metabolite

Lisinopril

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors of converting Angiotensin I to angiotensin II) Active drug, excreted unchanged

Fosinopril

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors of converting Angiotensin I to angiotensin II) *Eliminated via bile

Quinapril

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors of converting Angiotensin I to angiotensin II) *Eliminated via bile

Adverse effects of ACEIs

cough, angioedema, Hyperkalemia Acute kidney injury, First-dose hypotension and postural hypotension, Teratogenic potential

Candesartan & Olmesartan

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (Inactive ester prodrugs, given orally, renal and biliary excretion)

Irbesartan & Eprosartan

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

*Telmisartan (Micardis) & Valsartan (Diovan)

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (Can cross BBB, can be used in stroke)

*Losartan (Cozaar)

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (Active prodrug, converted to more active metabolite by CYP2C9 and CYP3A4*)

Clinical Uses of RAAS Modulators

1.Hypertension 2. Heart failure/after myocardial infarction 3. Diabetic nephropathy/acute renal failure/chronic kidney disease

Drug interactions/combinations

* Other antihypertensive drug classes * Potassium supplements/potassium-sparing diuretics * Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Contraindications for RAAS Modulators

* Bilateral renal artery stenosis * Angioedema associated with previous use * Pregnancy

ACEIs vs ARBs

Can ACEIs block Ang II production completely? Q: Do ARBs block AT2 receptors? Q: Do ARBs increase AT2 receptor activation?