Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PCM > PCM Midterm Competencies > Flashcards

PCM Midterm Competencies Flashcards

1
Q

what is/are the primary nerve root(s) involved in the action of hip flexion

A

L2-L4 and L1-L2 ventral rami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is/are the primary nerve root(s) involved in the action of hip extension

A

inferior gluteal nerve

L5, S1, S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is/are the primary nerve root(s) involved in the action of hip Abduction

A

superior gluteal nerve L5, S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is/are the primary nerve root(s) involved in the action of hip aDduction

A

obturator nerve L2-L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the contents of the central compartment of the hip?

A

labrum, ligamentum teres, articular surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the contents of the peripheral compartment of the hip?

A

femoral neck, synovial lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the contents of the lateral compartment of the hip?

A

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, IT band, trochanteric bursae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the contents of the anterior/iliopsoas compartment of the hip?

A

iliopsoas insertion, iliopsoas bursae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

name the orthopedic test(s) that can be used to identify central compartment pathology

A 
log roll
C-sign
labral loading
labral distraction
scour
FABER apprehension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

list pathologies of the central compartment

A

labral tears, tears of the ligamentum teres, osteochondral defects, chondromalacia/osteoarthritis, congenital hip dysplasia, loose bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

list pathologies of the peripheral compartment

A

loose bodies, impingement syndrome, synovitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

list pathologies of the lateral compartment

A

IT band syndrome, bursitis, rotator cuff tendinopathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

list the pathologies of the anterior/iliopsoas compartment of the hip

A

psoas tendonitis, iliopsoas bursitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the C-sign and what is it used for?

what is a positive sign and what does it indicate?

A

patient characteristically points to the source of pain with two fingers or cups just above the trochanter with the thumb and index finger
positive sign is characteristic pain, indicates labral pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is labral loading?
what is a positive sign?
what does positive sign indicate?

A

knee and hip flexed, load into the labrum, central compartment test
positive sign is pain with the maneuver
indicates labral or cartilaginous pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is labral distraction?
what is a positive sign?
what does positive sign indicate?

A

knee and hip flexed to 90 degrees; distract away from inominate, central compartment test
positive sign is improvement of pain
indicates labral or cartilaginous pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the scour test of the hip?
what is a positive sign?
what does positive sign indicate?

A

flexed/externally rotated hip; load into socket and articulate through annular motion; central compartment test
pain with the maneuver
indicates labral or articular cartilage pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the apprehension FABER test?
what is a positive sign?
what does positive sign indicate?

A

doctor induces further external rotation by applying posterior force at the knee
positive sign is anterior subluxation or apprehension/pain
indicates anterior labral pathology; can also be positive with impingment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is Ely’s Test?
what is a positive sign?
what does positive sign indicate?

A

patient prone, passively flex patients knees
positive sign is ipsilateral hip raises off table
indicates rectus femoris contracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the rectus femoris test?
what is a positive sign?
what does positive sign indicate?

A

peripheral compartment test
pt supine, hip flexed up to chest, other knee dangles
positive test is the dangling of greater than 90 degrees, indicating rectus femoris contracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the jump sign?
what is a positive sign?
what does positive sign indicate?

A

lateral compartment test
pt seated, pressure applied to greater trochanter
positive test = pt withdraws or jumps with pressure
indicates trochanteric bursitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is straight leg raise test?
what is a positive sign?
what does positive sign indicate?

A

lateral compartment test
raise leg with knee extended; nonspecific
positive sign is pain with maneuver
indicates:
pain from 15-30 degrees - lumbar disc etiology
pain laterally at greater than 15 degrees - lateral compartment pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is Ober’s Test?
what is a positive sign?
what does positive sign indicate?

A

lateral compartment test
pt lateral recumbent, doctor behind pt, doctor aBducts superior leg, allows it to aDduct while stabilizing hip
positive sign is inability to aDduct
indicates IT band contracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is piriformis test?
what is a positive sign?
what does positive sign indicate?

A

lateral compartment test
pt in FABER position, Pt aBducts against resistance
positive sign is pain over posterior aspect of greater trochanter
indicates piriformis spasm or pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is trendelenburg test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
lateral compartment test pt lifts one foot off ground positive sign is the sagging of the hip indicates contralateral gluteus medius weakness or superior gluteal nerve pathology
26
what is Patrick's FABER test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
lateral compartment test doctor braces contralateral ASIS, pt externally rotates/ABducts against resistance positive sign is pain or weakness with maneuver indicates gluteus medius pathology
27
what is Patrick's FABER test for the anterior compartment? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
doctor braces contralateral ASIS, pt internally rotates, ADducts against resistance positive sign is anterior or medial groin pain/weakness indicates iliopsoas insufficiency or pathology
28
what is the thomas test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
like rectus femoris test for the iliopsoas | indicates hip flexor conracture
29
what is psoas test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
flex hip to 30 degrees while patient further flexes against resistance positive sign is pain or inability or snapping indicates psoas contracture or pathology
30
what is anterior drawer test of the knee? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
pull tibia anteriorly excessive translation when compared to other knee indicates ACL insufficiency
31
what is lachman's test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
flexed knee to 15-30 degrees; pull tibia anteriorly positive test is increased laxity or soft/absent end point indicates ACL insufficiency
32
what is McMurray's test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
rotates tibia into internal rotation and applies varus stress also rotates tibia into external rotation and valgus stress positive test is pain or painful click during the extension phase indicates possible medial or lateral meniscus tear
33
what is Apley Grind-compression test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
compressive force on meniscus while rotating foot internally and externally positive test is pain with rotation and/or compression indicates possible meniscal injury (collateral ligament injury or both)
34
what is apley grind - distraction test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
upward traction to the leg while rotating internally and externally; traction reduces meniscal pressure but increases ligamentous strain positive sign is pain with distraction and rotation and indicates possible collateral ligament damage
35
what is patellar laxity and apprehension test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
push patella laterally assessing ROM and pain positive test is sense of apprehension or instability indicates possible previous patellar dislocation or severe instability
36
what is the patellar compression (grind) test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
pt supine, knee extended; compressive load to patella while moving laterally and medially positive test is pain with compression and indicates inflammation, chondromalacia, injury to patellofemoral articular surfaces
37
what is patello-femoral grinding test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
compress patella caudally; instruct patient to tighten quads against resistance positive sign is crepitus or pain indicates roughness of articulating surfaces (chondromalacia)
38
what is patellar glide test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
supine or sitting; slowly extend and flex knee; physician notes quality of motion positive test is palpable or audible crepitus, pain or catching of patella indicates possible damage to articular surface
39
what are the arteries to the foot at which we can obtain a peripheral pulse?
dorsalis pedis | posterior tibial artery
40
what is specific sensory testing done to the feetsies? | in what specific population of patients is this useful?
monofilament test | diabetics
41
pronation of the foot involves the combination of what 3 movements?
eversion, dorsiflexion, abduction
42
supination of the foot involves the combination of what 3 movements?
inversion plantar flexion adduction
43
what is the nerve root being tested in the achilles tendon reflex?
S1
44
what is anterior drawer test of the foot? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
anterior force on calcaneus; normal springing of calcaneus back to normal should occur positive sign is pain, no springing, excessive motion indicates ATF tear or pathology
45
what is talar tilt test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
block motion of calcaneus on talus; invert talus to evaluate ROM positive sign is laxity, increased ROM or pain indicates calcaneofibular ligament pathology or tear/some ATF pathology
46
what is the eversion test of the foot? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
doc everts foot to evaluate ROM positive test is laxity, increased ROM or pain indicates deltoid ligament pathology
47
what is squeeze test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
squeeze distal tib/fib; rapid release positive sign is pain at syndesmosis indicates high ankle sprain, syndesmosis pathology
48
what is cross leg test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
cross leg positive sign is pain at distal ankle indicates syndesmotic injury
49
what is thompson test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
pt prone; foot off table; squeeze calf, lack of plantar flexion means achilles tendon rupture
50
what is Homan's sign? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
DVT test; pt with knee extended; doc forcibly dorsiflexes the foot and adds some lateral compression of calf positive sign is pain suggestive of venous thrombosis
51
what is Moses sign? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
indicates DVT of posterior tibial veins anterior compression on the gastrocnemius positive sign is pain with anterior compression- NOT lateral compression
52
hyperextension of 1 MTP joint can cause what?
turf toe
53
what are the muscles responsible for flexion of the shoulder
anterior deltoid and coracobrachialis
54
what are the muscles responsible for extension of the shoulder
latissimus dorsi | teres major
55
what are the muscles responsible for abduction of the shoulder
supraspinatus and middle deltoid
56
what are the muscles responsible for adduction of the shoulder
pectoralis major | latissimus dorsi
57
what are the muscles responsible for external rotation of the shoulder
infraspinatus and teres minor
58
what are the muscles responsible for internal rotation of the shoulder
subscapularis | pectoralis major
59
what are the muscles responsible for retraction of the scapula
rhomboids
60
what are the muscles responsible for protraction of the scapula
serratus anterior
61
what are the muscles responsible for elevation of the scapula
upper trapezius | levator scapulae
62
what are the muscles responsbile for depression of the scapula
lower traps | lower rhomboids
63
what is empty can test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
positive sign is pain or weakness | indicates rotator cuff pathology specifically supraspinatus
64
what is drop-arm test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
abduct arm, then slowly drop positive sign is arm will drop or gentle tap on wrist causes arm drop indicates full thickness tear of supraspinatus
65
what is glenohumeral apprehension test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
apprehension with external rotation of arm | indicates glenohumeral instability
66
what is sulcus sign? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
apply inferior traction to the arm indentation appears in area beneath the acromion indicates glenohumeral instability
67
what is Yergason's test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
pt supinates and externally rotates against resistance | pain or tendon subluxation out of groove indicates unstable bicipital tendon/subluxation or bicipital tendonitis
68
what is speed's test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
resisted flexion of the shoulder at the forearm positive is pain in bicipital groove indicates bicipital tendonitis of long head of biceps
69
what is neer impingement test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
forearm pronated, passively flex shoulder to full flexion pain indicates subacromial bursa or rotator cuff impingement
70
what is hawkins test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
opposes rotator cuff against the coracoacromial ligment and acromion pain indicates rotator cuff (usually supraspinatus) or subacromial bursa impingement
71
what is apley scratch test? what is a positive sign? what does positive sign indicate?
2 maneuvers 1) abducts and externally rotates upper arm 2) adducts and internally rotates lower arm
72
decrease of the carrying angle is called what?
gunstock
73
normal carrying angle is what?
5-15 degrees
74
the biceps tendon reflex involves what nerve root
C5
75
the triceps tendon reflex involves what nerve root
C7
76
the brachioradialis tendon reflex involves what nerve root
C6
77
positive tinnel's test at the elbow is indicative of what?
ulnar nerve entrapment, cubital tunnel syndrome
78
another name of tennis elbow test is
cozen's test
79
student's elbow or miner's elbow involves what
olecranon bursa
80
describe little league elbow
constellation of symptoms 1) medial apophysitis 2) medial epicondyle avulsion fracture 3) medial collateral ligament tear
81
what is nursemaids elbow
radial head instability annular ligament tear/radial head subluxation restricted to posterior glide, pain with palpation anterior displacement of radial head
82
describe coupled motions at the elbow
as ulna supinates, it also adducts as ulna pronates it also abducts radial head glides anteriorly with supination radial head glides posteriorly with pronation
83
what are the tendons involved in the anatomical snuffbox
extensor pollicis longus abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis
84
what is OK sign test?
anterior interosseous nerve test
85
what is phalen's test/sign?
dorsal aspects of hands together for a minute | test CTS
86
what is allen test
circulation to hand and wrist
87
what is DeQuervain's tenosynovitis? | what is finkelstein test?
first dorsal compartment pain dorsal lateral wrist and thumb pain ulnar deviation of fist yields pain at the region possible inflammation sites are abductor polllicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis repetitive use injury
88
what is the most common carpal fracture
scaphoid FOOSH injury risk of avascular necrosis
89
what is colles fracture
fracture of distal radius in the forearm with dorsal and radial displacement of the wrist and hand
90
average step length | average stride length
14-16 | 28-32 inches
91
average cadence
90-120 STEPS per minute
92
what are the stages in the gait cycle
contact mid-stance propulsion swing
93
describe antalgic gait
painful gait | short stance phase on affected side
94
describe arthrogenic gait
usually due to hip or knee stiffness unaffected foot plantarflexes more than normal to increase clearance affected leg is circumducted
95
describe ataxic gait
unsteady, uncoordinated walk feet thrown out and stance wide may lurch or stagger pt often watches feet when walking
96
describe parkinsonian gait
small shuffling steps | hypokinesia
97
describe foot drop/steppage gait
hip raised very high to clear toe | usually due to common fibular nerve pathology
98
describe hemiplegic gait
stiff leg, no flexion at knee or ankle. each step rotates first away then toward the body. forms semicircle

PCM (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions