PCM 1-4TH BIMEX

Question 1

Active listening skills is very important during

physical examination
assessment
laboratory examinations
history taking

Answer 1

history taking

Question 2

In the five stage cycle stage 5 is about

independence
coupling or marriage
retirement or senior years
parenting babies thru adolescence

Answer 2

retirement or senior years

Question 3

What statement is not true for family medicine?

Family medicine is a family practice
it is patient centered and family oriented
mostly in community based clinics
it is synonymous to Public Health

Answer 3

it is synonymous to Public Health

Question 4

The Family Life Cycle is a very important concept essential in understanding the health and illness responses of the patient and their families. In this aspect, the most widely used model is the

six stage cycle
five stage cycle
nine stage cycle
eight stage cycle

Answer 4

six stage cycle

Question 5

According to Philadelphia University one of these is not a characteristic that delineates a family AS A SOCIAL SYSTEM

interdependence
adaptive
maintenance and boundaries
intra-dependence

Answer 5

intra-dependence

Question 6

“Putting yourself in the shoe of the other person” so that you can see what he sees and feel what he feels is

sympathy
empathy
compassion
courtesy

Answer 6

empathy

Question 7

Refers to the way a person uses his body to communicate the message non-verbally that “I am listening to you”

bracketing
leading
probing
attending skills

Answer 7

attending skills

Question 8

What do you think is not included in the plan of management of a patient?

follow-up diagnostic tests
review previous laboratory data
non-pharmacologic intervention like patient counseling
referral to other specialties when warranted

Answer 8

review previous laboratory data

Question 9

The following are the recommendations that the doctor must adapt when doing a patient centered medical interview except

maintain a distance of 90 - 150 cm.
sit an angle 90 - 150 degrees
chairs in the room are of the same height
for individual patient maintain a distance of 250 cm. or more

Answer 9

for individual patient maintain a distance of 250 cm. or more

Question 10

What is not a CONTENT in history taking?

chief complaint
personal history
family history
assessment

Answer 10

assessment

Question 11

A condition as perceived by a sick person is called a/an

disease
illness
both are correct
both are incorrect

Answer 11

illness

Question 12

What is not a component of intra-familial factors influencing how families cope with illness?

family resources
degree of family functionality
family life cycle
stigma associated with the disease

Answer 12

stigma associated with the disease

Question 13

What is the level of involvement of the physicians with families when the physicians “provide an ongoing medical intervention and advice”?

level 1
level 2
level 4
level 5

Answer 13

level 2

Question 14

In the family illness trajectory, stage 2 is about

major therapeutic effects
recovery phase
impact phase in reaction to diagnosis
onset of symptoms and illness

Answer 14

impact phase in reaction to diagnosis

Question 15

Commonly used when the need for care is long and lasts a lifetime such as in the case of chronically ill, terminally ill or hospice care patients

Family APGAR
Family Map
Family SCREEM
Family Genogram

Answer 15

Family SCREEM

Question 16

What family assessment tool is designed to reflect relationship and interaction pattern?

Family Genogram
Family Map
Family APGAR
Family SCREEM

Answer 16

Family Map

Question 17

What component of APGAR” it is the loving and caring relationship of the family”?

adaptation
partnership
growth
affection

Answer 17

affection

Question 18

religious leader wants all sect members and their respective families to live with him and his wife until the time of his death is an example of what family structure?

nuclear
extended
blended
communal

Answer 18

communal

Question 19

The reason why a patient seeks consultation to a physician is due to

biomedical reason only
psychosocial reason only
bio psycho-medical reason
none of the above

Answer 19

bio psycho-medical reason

Question 20

The main strategy identified to reach the goal which is “Towards a Family Centered and Community Health Care is

Primary Health Care
Fourmula One for Health
Health for All and All for 
Health
Universal Health Care

Answer 20

Primary Health Care

Question 21

This is the vision statement of the 4 Strategic Plans in 2011 - 2015

A. Leading in the promotion of holistics care by competent and socially responsive Family Medicine Specialists
B. Achieving the unifying vision of a “ Filipino Family Physician for every Filipino Family”
C. Aims to produce every Filipino a Family Physician to attain optimum family health
D. Providing a family physician for every Filipino and his family to attain optimum health through a holistic approach

Answer 21

B. Achieving the unifying vision of a “ Filipino Family Physician for every Filipino Family”

Question 22

Which is not included as a key player in the development of family medicine as one of the recognize medical specialties in the Philippines?

A. Philippine Academy of Family Physicians
B. Philippine Society of Teachers of Family Medicine
C. Department of family and Community Medicine of the College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital - University of the Philippines, Manila
D. Philippine Medical Association

Answer 22

Philippine Medical Association

Question 23

What was the year the Family Medicine in the Philippines was recognize as a specialty?

1990
1980
2000
1970

Answer 23

1970

Question 24

The content and focus of care of a 5 star doctor are the following except

church
individual
family
community

Answer 24

church

Question 25

What is the main strategy identified to reach the goal “Towards a Family Centered and Community Centered Health Care”

Thru Universal Health Care
Thru Health Sector Reform Agenda
Thru Fourmula One for Health
Thru Primary Health Care

Answer 25

Thru Primary Health Care

Question 26

What core values that says “Getting the best in health services must not just be the privilege of a few but must be the right of everyone”

Quality
Relevance
Equity
Cost Effectiveness

Answer 26

Equity

Question 27

Which statement is false as to the roles of a five star doctor according to the DOH-APMC in the year 2000?

care provider
decision maker
researcher
teacher

Answer 27

decision maker

Question 28

Which subject is not included in the core curriculum in community Medicine?

Biostatistics
Epidemiology
Research
Patient-Doctor Relationship

Answer 28

Patient-Doctor Relationship

Question 29

A specialty of medicine concerned with providing comprehensive care to individuals and families

Family Medicine
Community Medicine
Internist
Surgeon

Answer 29

Family Medicine

Question 30

One of these is not a principle in Family Medicine

A. Family physician must be a skilled clinician
B. Doctor-Patient Relationship is central to Family Medicine
C. Family Medicine is a community based discipline
D. Uses the ecological model in the analysis and intervention phases for health promotion

Answer 30

D. Uses the ecological model in the analysis and intervention phases for health promotion

Question 31

Show sensitivity to health beliefs, re-enforce positive knowledge and correct misconceptions

teacher/educator
leader/manager
social mobilizer
Other:

Answer 31

teacher/educator

Question 32

Health care provider should realize that the transaction should be seen as a therapeutic triad among

Doctor, patient and community
Doctor, patient and family
patient, family and comunity
family, community and significant others

Answer 32

Doctor, patient and family

Question 33

A ravaging typhoon strikes a depressed community in the coastal town of Leyte. Approximately 30 families are left without shelter. which best reaction demonstrate the community preparedness?

A. community leaders activate the community based disaster risk reduction and management council
B. community leaders contact the national government for disaster relief
C. relief volunteers help in sorting and packaging canned sardines, instant noodles and rice
D. typhoon victims are sent to public elementary schools used as evacuation centers

Answer 33

A. community leaders activate the community based disaster risk reduction and management council

Question 34

Which of the following is the most effective measure to prevent or reduce the high density of mosquitos in the community with increasing incidence of dengue cases?

prevent breeding places through sanitary refuse disposal
use insect sprays
use fly swatters/papers

Answer 34

prevent breeding places through sanitary refuse disposal

Question 35

What do you call a combination of liquid wastes or water carried discharges conducted away from the residences and other institution together with such ground surface water or rain water as may be present is known as

sewage
garbage
refuse
rubbish

Answer 35

sewage

Question 36

The first step to take by the RHU physician when promoting the health of the individual, family and community is

to establish a registry of families
to conduct family census
to do health assessment
to organize the community

Answer 36

to do health assessment

Question 37

The Bruguda syndrome links the condition to cardiac arrhythmias previously called hemorrhagic pancreatitis. What is the condition referred by the Bruguda syndrome?

Bangungot
Amok
Latah
Usug

Answer 37

Bangungot

Question 38

What is the causation theories where illness is caused by purposeful act of a supernatural being like aswang or engkantada?

Mystical theories of illness causation
Personalistic theories of illness causation
Naturalistic theories of illness causation
All are correct

Answer 38

Personalistic theories of illness causation

Question 39

In this life stage, the focus shifts towards sexuality, gender identity and reproductive health issues

Elderly
Childhood
Adulthood
Adolescence

Answer 39

Adolescence

Question 40

Health by the people means health has now evolved to become the responsibility of every individual in the community. It is the highest and most effective PHC model with the greatest level of people participation

Hospital or Clinic Based PHC model
Community Oriented PHC model
Community Based PHC model
Community Manage PHC Model

Answer 40

Community Manage PHC Model

Question 41

Republic Act 7875 refers to

National Health Insurance Law
Philippine Medical Care Act
Traditional Alternative and Health Care Act
Food and Drug Act

Answer 41

National Health Insurance Law

Question 42

Two psycho-social issues that have a great impact on adult health

Smoking and Alcohol Intake
Smoking and Drug Addiction
Alcohol Intake and Drug Addiction
HIV/AIDS and drug Addiction

Answer 42

Smoking and Alcohol Intake

Question 43

Scheper-Hughes in 1987 described our bodies into 3. What do you call the body perceived in relation to its relationship with nature, society and culture?

body politic
Individual body
Social body
Spiritual Body

Answer 43

Social body

Question 44

What disease “Ahas’ literally refers to the serpentine shaped skin lesions?

Herpes
Vitamin A deficiency
Heat stroke
Severe pneumonia

Answer 44

Herpes

Question 45

A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international Public Health established on April 7, 1948.

UNESCO
World Health Organization (WHO)
Center for Disease Control (CDC)
Department of Health (DOH)

Answer 45

World Health Organization (WHO)

Question 46

The state shall established and maintained an effective food and drug regulation system and undertake appropriate health manpower development and research, responsive to the country’s health needs and problems

Section 13, Article XIII
Section 12, Article XIII
Section 11, Article XIII
Section 15, Article XIII

Answer 46

Section 12, Article XIII

Question 47

What is Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 5 all about?

Reduced Child Mortality
Reversed the Spread of HIV/AIDS, Malaria and infectious Diseases
Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
Improved Maternal Health

Answer 47

Improved Maternal Health

Question 48

Integrates the Public Health Office and hospital Services under ine office and one building called the Integrated Provincial Health Offices

1988 RA 6675 the Generics Actt
1079 Primary Health Care
1983 Executive Order 851
Rural Health Act of 1954

Answer 48

1983 Executive Order 851

Question 49

Transferred the responsibility of health service provision to the local government units by way of devolution

RA 7160 Local Government Code
RA9875 National Health Insurance Act
RA 6675 the Generic Acts
Rural Health Act of 1954

Answer 49

RA 7160 Local Government Code

Question 50

The title of the Philippine Health Agenda of the DOH in this present administration is

Health Sector Reform Agenda
Universal Health Care for Filipinos
Fourmula One for Health
All for Health towards Health for All

Answer 50

All for Health towards Health for All

Question 51

What do you think is left under the direct control of the DOH with devolution?

Tertiary Hospitals at the National and Regional Levels
Provincial Hospitals
District Hospitals
City and Municipal Health Centers and Barangay Health Centers

Answer 51

Tertiary Hospitals at the National and Regional Levels

Question 52

What do you think is the role of the LGU’s in the municipalities and cities after the devolution?

Developing Health Policies and Programs
Health Promotion and Preventive Units
Developing and Enforcing Regulatory Policies and Standards
Providing Specialized and Tertiary Level of Care

Answer 52

Health Promotion and Preventive Units

Question 53

What is the DOH thrusts from 2010 - 2016 called?

Kalusugan Para Sa Masa
Fourmula one for Health
Kalusugan Pangkalahatan
Health Sector Reform Agenda

Answer 53

Kalusugan Pangkalahatan

Question 54

Who manages and supervises the administrative function of District Hospitals?

City Government
Municipal Government
Regional Health Office
Provincial Government

Answer 54

Provincial Government

Question 55

Prioritizes the 8 Essential Elements of Health Care

Rural Health Act of 1954
EO 851 which is the integration of the Provincial Health Office
Primary Health Care of 1979
RA 7160 the Local Government Code

Answer 55

Primary Health Care of 1979

Question 56

Branch of Medicine which deals with the study of the provisions of preventive, promotive, curative, rehabilitative and evaluation of services to the community through organize health care delivery system

Family Medicine
Community Medicine
Social Medicine
Specialty medicine

Answer 56

Community Medicine

Question 57

All population have access to appropriate and cost effective care

Assessment
Policy development
Assurance
All of the above are correct

Answer 57

Assurance

Question 58

Which do you think is not true for secondary prevention among the statements?

action which halts the progress of the disease at its incipient stage
one of its objective is to prevent the spread of the disease by curing all the known cases
one of its intervention is individual or mass case findings
to provide measures available to reduce or limit impairment

Answer 58

to provide measures available to reduce or limit impairment

Question 59

A new approach to health care which integrates at the community level all the factors required for improving thye health status of the population.

Primary health care
Millennium Development Goals
Sustainable Development Goals
All are correct

Answer 59

Primary health care

Question 60

He discovered typhoid fever

John Snow
Sydenham
William Bud
James Lind

Answer 60

William Bud

Question 61

Who formulated the theory of Contagion?

Paracelsus
Vasaleus
Fracastorius
Ambroise Pare

Answer 61

Fracastorius

Question 62

A comprehensive approach to health prevention requires environmental modification. Which of the statements is not an environmental modification?

Provision of safe water
Control of insect and rodents
Improvement of housing
Provision of chemotherapeutic drugs

Answer 62

Provision of chemotherapeutic drugs

Question 63

Prevention of the emergence or development of risk factors in population groups in which they have not appeared yet.

Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
Primordial prevention

Answer 63

Primordial prevention

Question 64

The basic science of public health because it provides the first indication of the nature of the new disease.

Biostatistics
Epidemiology
Preventive Medicine
Family medicine

Answer 64

Epidemiology

Question 65

Seeks to minimize the severity of illness or the damage to an injury causing event once the event has occurred

secondary prevention
primary prevention
primordial prevention
tertiary prevention

Answer 65

secondary prevention

Question 66

Restoration of the capacity to earn a livelihood

medical rehabilitation
social rehabilitation
vocational rehabilitation
psychological rehabilitation

Answer 66

vocational rehabilitation

Question 67

Built aqueducts to transport water from miles away and built sewer system

Greeks
Jews
Egyptians
Romans

Answer 67

Romans

Question 68

A medical dictator with specialty in Anatomy and Physiology

Koch
Galen
Hippocrates
Jenner

Answer 68

Galen

Question 69

What domain determined the heath status characterized by diet, physical activity, substance used and abused?

Genetic make up
Social circumstances
Environmental conditions
Behavioral choices

Answer 69

Behavioral choices

Question 70

Action of society taken collectively to achieved the desired condition in which people can be healthy

Individual Health
Family Health
Community Heath
organizational Health

Answer 70

Community Heath

Question 71

The earliest written record of public health that included laws for the physician and his practice

Book of Leviticus
Option 2Observatuion in the Book of Mubali
Code of Hammurabi
None is correct

Answer 71

Code of Hammurabi

Question 72

What core function in public health does evaluating the effectiveness and quality of population based health services belong

Assessment
Policy Development
Assurance
None of the above

Answer 72

Assurance

Question 73

James Lind

prevention of scurvy by use of fresh vegetables
vaccination against smallpox
Golden Age of Bacteriology
Epidemiology of Cholera

Answer 73

prevention of scurvy by use of fresh vegetables

Question 74

Louis Pasteur

report sanitary conditions of the laboring population
discovered typhoid fever
circulation of blood, moicroscope and vaccination against smallpox
Advanced the Germ Theory of Disease

Answer 74

Advanced the Germ Theory of Disease

Question 75

Any loss of abnormality of psychological, physiological and emotional structures or function

Impairment
Disabilities
Rehabilitation
Handicap

Answer 75

Impairment

Question 76

During the latent stage of the disease the level of prevention is

primary
primordial
secondary
tertiary

Answer 76

secondary

Question 77

Which statement is true for primordial prevention?

A. prevention of the emergence or development of risk factors
B. actions taken prior to the onset of the disease
C. action which halts the progress of a disease at its incipient stage
D. when the disease process has advanced beyond its early stages

Answer 77

A. prevention of the emergence or development of risk factors

Question 78

Disability is

A. any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure and function
B. any restriction to perform an activity within the range considered normal for the human being
termed as a disadvantage for a given individual
C. combined measures for training and restoring the individual to the highest possible level of functional ability

Answer 78

B. any restriction to perform an activity within the range considered normal for the human being
termed as a disadvantage for a given individual

Question 79

The Papyrus recording occurs during the

Egyptian medicine
Indian medicine
Mesopotamian medicine
Greek medicine

Answer 79

Egyptian medicine

Question 80

Andreas Vasaleus was the

Father of Surgery
Designed the true clinical materials of the circulation of blood
Theory of Contagion
First man of modern science who raised the study of Anatomy

Answer 80

First man of modern science who raised the study of Anatomy

Question 81

John Snow was responsible for the

Discovery of typhoid fever
First medical officer in London responsible for sanitary reform
advanced the germ Theory of disease
Epidemiology of cholera

Answer 81

Epidemiology of cholera

Question 82

Which statement is False as to the goals of Community Medicine?

to identify health problems and needs (Community Diagnosis)
to conduct Community Organizing
to Plan and Implement Measures (Community Health Care/Services)
to evaluate extent of effectiveness (Health Care Evaluation)

Answer 82

to conduct Community Organizing

Question 83

He is known as the Father of Surgery

Paracelsus
Ambroise Pare
Fracastorius
Andreas vasaleus

Answer 83

Ambroise Pare

Question 84

3. Who discovered vaccination against smallpox?

Edward Jenner
James Lind
Robert Koch
Louis Pasteur

Answer 84

Edward Jenner

Question 85

Secondary prevention are

A. preventive measuresthat lead to an early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease
B. preventive measures that forestall the illness or injury
C. measures aimed at rehabilitation following significant pathogenesis
D. None are correct

Answer 85

preventive measures that lead to an early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease

Question 86

Assurance is one of the core function in public health that

does evaluating the effectiveness and quality of population based health services
monitor health and disease
inform and educate, empower
mobilize community partnership

Answer 86

does evaluating the effectiveness and quality of population based health services
???

Question 87

Mayo clinic diet recommends

a diet plan
a physical activity plan
a lifestyle modification plan
only A and B is correct

Answer 87

only A and B is correct

???

Question 88

As a resource person, you discussed about the contraceptive methods. Which of these listed below is the least effective?

oral contraceptives
tubal ligation
condom
intra-uterine device

Answer 88

condom

???

Question 89

The patient was paralyzed from the waist down and was scheduled for periodic rehabilitation

primary prevention
secondary prevention
tertiary prevention
none of the above

Answer 89

tertiary prevention

Question 90

The incoming passenger was put in quarantine

primary prevention
secondary prevention
tertiary prevention
all of the above

Answer 90

secondary prevention

?

Question 91

Vaccinating a health care worker against COVID 19.

tertiary prevention
primary prevention
secondary prevention
primordial prevention

Answer 91

primary prevention

Question 92

Performing angioplasty in a patient with heart disease

primordial prevention
primary prevention
secondary prevention
tertiary prevention

Answer 92

tertiary prevention

Question 93

Vector control

primary prevention
secondary prevention
tertiary prevention
all are correct

Answer 93

primary prevention

Question 94

Selective examinations like mammography

primary prevention
secondary prevention
tertiary prevention
none of the above

Answer 94

secondary prevention

Question 95

Use of condoms during sexual intercourse

primary prevention
secondary prevention
tertiary prevention
all of the above

Answer 95

primary prevention

Question 96

Concerned with the health of a specific population group

Community medicine
Family medicine
none of the above
Option 4

Answer 96

Community medicine

Question 97

Health assessment and maintenance of an individual

Community Medicine
Family Medicine
Both are correct
Option 4

Answer 97

Family Medicine

Question 98

The setting is mostly community based clinics

Community Medicine
Family Medicine
None of the above
Option 4

Answer 98

Family Medicine

Question 99

Examples of modalities for intervention include immunizations

Community medicine
Family medicine
Option 3
Option 4

Answer 99

Community medicine

Question 100

The goals of prevention is empowerment

Community medicine
Family medicine
none of the above
Option 4

Answer 100

Community medicine

Question 101

If the factor is present the probability that the effect will occur is increased

sufficient cause
necessary cause
risk factor
indirectly causal association

Answer 101

risk factor

Question 102

A systematic distortion found especially in
retrospective studies

recall bias
measurement bias
allocation bias
confounding

Answer 102

recall bias

Question 103

A phenomenon in which a third variable alters the direction or strength of association between two other variables

synergism
effect modification
confounding
random error

Answer 103

effect modification

Question 104

If the factor (cause) is present, the effect (disease) will always occur

necessary cause
sufficient cause
risk factor
none of the above

Answer 104

sufficient cause

Question 105

The greater the causal factor the greater the effect

dose response relationship
consistency
specificity
strength

Answer 105

dose response relationship

Question 106

Systematic distortion of study data and an example is weighing the subjects in a study which they are fully dressed

random error
confounding
measurement bias
effect modification

Answer 106

measurement bias

Question 107

A statistical and causality where the difference is large

strength
specificity
consistency
biologic plausibility

Answer 107

strength

Question 108

A third variable that is associated with the exposure variable and outcome variable

random error
confounding
synergism
none of the above

Answer 108

confounding

Question 109

Factor must be present for the effect to occur. Cause maybe present without the disease occurring

necessary cause
sufficient cause
directly causal association
indirectly causal association

Answer 109

necessary cause

Question 110

Statistical association and causality is always found

biologic plausibility
dose response relationship
consistency
specificity

Answer 110

consistency

Question 111

What do you call the causal relationship when the factor exerts its effect in the absence of intermediary factors?

direct causal association
indirect causal association
non-causal association
none of the above

Answer 111

direct causal association

Question 112

Interaction of two or more presumably causal variable so that the total effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects

synergism
recall bias
confounding
none of the above

Answer 112

synergism

Question 113

No association is found if the causal factor is not present

specificity
consistency
biologic plausibility
none of the above

Answer 113

specificity

Question 114

A non-differential error that produced findings that is too high or too low

measurement bias
random error
confounding
none of the above

Answer 114

random error

Question 115

Factor exerts its effect via intermediary factors

non-causal association
direct causal association x
indirect causal association x
none of the above

Answer 115

none of the above

????

Question 116

The statistical association and causality makes sense based on the current knowledge

biologic plausibility
dose response relationship
consistency
specificity

Answer 116

biologic plausibility

Question 117

Rules that govern the process of collecting and arranging data for analysis

descriptive research
research design
hypothesis generation
hypothesis testing

Answer 117

research design

Question 118

Process of developing a list of possible candidates for the causes of the disease and obtaining initial evidence that supports one or more of these candidates

hypothesis testing
hypothesis generation
research design
descriptive research

Answer 118

hypothesis generation

Question 119

A common type of study or research design used in epidemiology that are useful for measuring current health status and planning for some health services. It is also useful for determining the prevalence of risk factors and the frequency of prevalent cases of some diseases for a defined population.

cross sectional surveys
cohort studies
case-control studies
randomized controlled trials

Answer 119

cross sectional surveys

Question 120

It is done to test PREVENTIVE INTERVENTION on well persons in the COMMUNITY.

randomized FIELD CONTROL trials (RCFT)
randomized CONTROLLED CLINICAL trials
both answers are correct

Answer 120

randomized FIELD CONTROL trials (RCFT)

Question 121

The study groups are assembled by the investigator in the present time, collects baseline data on them, and continues to collect data for a period that can last many years

retrospective cohort study
case-control studies
prospective cohort study
cross sectional study

Answer 121

prospective cohort study

Question 122

What are the two high risk factors that will result to a cardiovascular disease within 8 years on a 45 year old man?

smoker and high cholesterol diet
smoker and severe hypertension
glucose intolerance and high cholesterol level
severe hypertension and high cholesterol level

Answer 122

severe hypertension and high cholesterol level

Question 123

The basic goal of epidemiologic research is to

compare two groups that differ in terms of exposure or outcome
eliminate all bias
establish causality
reject null hypothesis

Answer 123

compare two groups that differ in terms of exposure or outcome

Question 124

The best design for testing hypothesis is a

case-control study
cross sectional survey
longitudinal ecologic study
randomized controlled study

Answer 124

randomized controlled study

Question 125

Cross sectional surveys are subject to the Neyman bias, or late look bias. this may be explained as the tendency to

A. detect only the late stages of a disease when manifestations are more severe
B. detect the more indolent cases of a disease preferentially
C. detect fatal illness preferentially
D. detect only thye cases of a disease that are asymptomatic

Answer 125

detect the more indolent cases of a disease preferentially

Question 126

Which statement do you think is not true for CROSS SECTIONAL Surveys?

useful for determining the prevalence of risk factors
useful for measuring current health status-correct
useful for planning for some health services including setting priorities for disease control-correct
useful for determining the impact of public health intervention (longitudinal ecologic studies)

Answer 126

useful for determining the impact of public health intervention (longitudinal ecologic studies)

Question 127

One of these is not an observational design for generating hypothesis

case-control studies
cross sectional surveys
cross sectional ecologic studies
longitudinal ecological studies

Answer 127

case-control studies

Question 128

It is the GOLD STANDARD for evaluating treatment intervention (clinical trial) or preventive intervention (field trials)

cross sectional survey
cohort studies
randomized controlled trials
case-control studies

Answer 128

randomized controlled trials

Question 129

The investigator goes back into history to define a risk group and follows the group members up to the present to see what outcomes have occurred.

retrospective study
prospective study
case-control studies
cross sectional studies

Answer 129

retrospective study

Question 130

The members of a public health team have a continuing interest in controlling measles infection through vaccination. To estimate the level of immunity in a particular population, what type of study should they conduct?

a case control study of measles infection
a cross sectional survey of vaccination status
a randomized trial of measles vaccination
a retrospective cohort study of measles vaccination

Answer 130

A case control of measles infection

Question 131

There were 40 persons who attended a wedding banquet. Thirty of them experienced abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea within 12 hours. Of the 30 symptomatic guests, 20 however have fever and 10 do not. Twenty five have elevated WBC and 5 do not; 22 have eaten spaghetti and 8 did not; 6 have eaten shrimps and 24 have not. The phenomena described *

is a disease outbreak
is caused by bacterial infection
is not an outbreak because the usual pattern of disease is unknown
should be investigated by the regional epidemiologic surveillance unit

Answer 131

is a disease outbreak

Question 132

The attack rate is

20/40
25/40
22/40
30/40

Answer 132

30/40

Question 133

An early priority in investigating the phenomena would be to

establish diagnosis
define a case
perform a case control study
submit food samples to the laboratory

Answer 133

define a case

Question 134

The investigators suspect that the spaghetti is the source of the disease. To confirm or refute their suspicion, they should

A. conduct a prospective study
B. initiate active surveillance
C. perform a case control study in which the cases are the guests who ate spaghetti and the controls are those who did not eat
D. performs a case control study in which the cases are the guests who became ill and the controls are those who did not became ill

Answer 134

D. performs a case control study in which the cases are the guests who became ill and the controls are those who did not became ill

Question 135

The best case definition for the guests disease would be

acute gastroenteritis
food poisoning
vomiting, diarrhea and elevated white blood cell count
abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea within 12 hours

Answer 135

abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea within 12 hours

Question 136

Suspecting that the disease is the result of a common source exposure involving contaminated food, the investigators attempt to determine which food is responsible. The INITIAL TASK IS TO

analyze food specimens in the laboratory
examine the food preparers
interview the symptomatic guests to find out what they ate
perform a case control study

Answer 136

interview the symptomatic guests to find out what they ate

Question 137

The investigators are unable to identify a single food that was eaten by every symptomatic guest. They should

conclude that the disease was not food borne
conclude that the investigation without identifying the source
implicate the food most eaten by those with symptoms
implicate the food least eaten by those without symptoms

Answer 137

implicate the food most eaten by those with symptoms???

???

Question 138

If an outbreak is occurring the cases of disease are characterized by

time, place and source of infection
place, person and modes of transmission
time, person and pattern of spread
time ,place and person

Answer 138

time ,place and person

Question 139

What do you think is not a type of intervention used to control an outbreak?

sanitation
diagnosis and treatment
control of disease vectors
health promotion like health education

Answer 139

health promotion like health education

Question 140

Infectious diseases that have a much higher incidence in the winter and early spring months in the Northern Hemisphere of North America

infectious diseases spread by respiratory route??
diseases that are spread by insects or arthropod vectors
Infectious diseases that are spread by faecal-oral route
infectious diseases that are spread by common source

Answer 140

Infectious diseases that are spread by respiratory route

Question 141

When a disease in a population occurs regularly and at a more or less constant level

it is an epidemic
it is sporadic
it is endemic
it is pandemic

Answer 141

it is endemic

Question 142

Investigators of an acute disease outbreak ordinarily used a measure of disease frequency called

incidence rate
prevalence rate
attack rate
mortality and morbidity rate

Answer 142

attack rate

Question 143

Rural health units, hospitals, laboratories, physicians are required to report disease and are given the appropriate forms and instructions *
active surveillance
passive surveillance
epidemic investigation
cohort studies

Answer 143

passive surveillance

Question 144

Process of collecting, analyzing, interpreting and reporting data concerning the incidence of death, disease, injuries and the prevalence of certain conditions, knowledge of which is important for promoting health in the public

it is called outbreak investigation
it is called epidemic investigation
it is called surveillance
it is called cohort studies

Answer 144

it is called surveillance

Question 145

An official from the regional health office visits out patient clinics to determine the number of cases of post exposure prophylaxis for tetanus. The officials action is an example of

active surveillance
passive surveilance
case finding
secondary prevention

Answer 145

active surveillance

Question 146

Putting a barrier to the infection within a susceptible hosts is called

prophylaxis
treatment
cure
health promotion

Answer 146

prophylaxis

Question 147

The initial case and the case that introduced the organism into the population is called

secondary case
primary case
index case
primordial case

Answer 147

index case

Question 148

The accurate characteristic of an epidemic involves defining the geographic location of cases. To do this we will do the following activities except

spot mapping
incidence rate by location
might do chance clusters
work for the immunization status or type of work or schooling

Answer 148

work for the immunization status or type of work or schooling

Question 149

Following are the characteristics of common source exposure except

many people come into contact with the same source
most likely the source is a contaminated water or food
the epidemic curve usually has a prolonged, irregular pattern
the epidemic curve usually has a sudden onset, a peak and a rapid decline

Answer 149

the epidemic curve usually has a prolonged, irregular pattern

Question 150

Infectious disease that are spread by the fecal-oral route are most common in the *
summer
early autumn
spring
winter

Answer 150

summer

Question 151

Steps in the evaluation of an outbreak includes the following except

establishing a diagnosis
developing a case definition
determining whether an outbreak exists
study the changing pattern of the disease

Answer 151

study the changing pattern of the disease

Question 152

Close supervision of contacts for prompt recognition of illness WITHOUT RESTRICTING MOVEMENT

quarantine
surveillance
detention
segregation

Answer 152

surveillance

Question 153

The occurrence in a community of a disease clearly in excess of the normal expectancy

endemic
pandemic
sporadic
epidemic

Answer 153

epidemic

Question 154

Which of the following is the backbone of disease prevention?

epidemiology
demographics
vital statistics
health statistics

Answer 154

epidemiology

Question 155

Herd immunity refers to

A. prevention of disease transmission to susceptible individuals through acquired immunity in others
B. genetic resistance to species specific
C. immunity naturally acquired in a population
D. high levels of antibody present in a population after an epidemic

Answer 155

prevention of disease transmission to susceptible individuals through acquired immunity in others

Question 156

What is the level in the scientific study of disease where epidemiology is a good example ?

level of individual patient
tissue and organ level
sub - molecular and molecular level
level of population

Answer 156

level of population

Question 157

For an infectious disease to occur there must be an interaction between

the agent and the vector
the vector and the environment
the vector and the host
the host and the agent

Answer 157

the host and the agent

Question 158

The BEINGS model provides a list of factors in disease causality. Which of the following factors are explicitly included in the list?

A. Behavioral, Environmental, Immunologic, nutritional, genetic and social factors
B. Behavioral, Ecologic, Idiopathic, Nutritional, Genetic, Social factors
C. Biologic, environmental, Innate, Nutritional, Genetic and synergistic factors
D. biologic, Environmental, Immunologic, Nutritional, Genetic and synergistic factors

Answer 158

A. Behavioral, Environmental, Immunologic, nutritional, genetic and social factors

Question 159

Epidemiology is broadly defined as the study of factors that influence the health of populations. The application of epidemiologic findings in population to decisions in the care of individual patients is

limted to infectious disease epidemiology
known as clinical epidemiology
subject to ecologic fallacy
limited to chronic disease epidemiology

Answer 159

known as clinical epidemiology

Question 160

The BEINGS model is a useful paradigm for *

evaluating etiologic factors in disease
allocating public health resources
assessing the impact of herd immunity
determining the role of social policy in public health

Answer 160

evaluating etiologic factors in disease

Question 161

Which one of the following activities is beyond the scope of activities undertaken by an epidemiologist

establishing modes of disease transmission
preventing the disease
rationing health care resources
providing data for genetic counselling

Answer 161

rationing health care resources

Question 162

Following statements are true for classical epidemiology except

studies the community origin of health problems
population oriented
interested in discovering risk factors
studies patients in health care setting

Answer 162

studies patients in health care setting

Question 163

Which do you think is not a denominator data?

there were 15 people injured in a vehicular accident
there were 12 children who went into biking
there were 21,000 people watching a basketball in a coliseum
there were 50 people who have attended a wedding party and have partaken the food in the banquet

Answer 163

there were 15 people injured in a vehicular accident

Question 164

Most infant deaths that occur during the first week of life are due to

sepsis
prematurity
congenital abnormalities
injuries

Answer 164

prematurity

Question 165

Which do you think is not a biologic factor that cause a disease?

bone density
obesity
age
gender

Answer 165

obesity

Question 166

What screening test is very important for identifying problems in a newborn?

nutritional screening
immunization
genetic screening
none of the above

Answer 166

genetic screening

Question 167

Which is not a physical agent that may cause disease or illness?

radiation
heat
lead
noise

Answer 167

lead

Question 168

What is the name of the causative agent that cause Lyme disease an infection transmitted by a tick?

Legionella pneumophilia
Hemophilus influenza
Borrelia burgdorferi
Pneumocystis carinii

Answer 168

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 169

The methods of clinical epidemiology frequently are used to determine the

most effective treatment in a given situation
process of identifying the nature and cause of disease
methods of risk estimation
probable course or outcome of the disease

Answer 169

most effective treatment in a given situation

Question 170

The most common cause of cardiovascular disease is

coronary artery disease
congenital heart disease
valvular heart disease
aortic aneurysm

Answer 170

coronary artery disease

Question 171

To be effective in prevention and control of the spread of communicable diseases, physicians should strengthen skills and knowledge on

data analysis
community diagnosis
rehabilitation of patient
health education

Answer 171

health education

Question 172

Often used as an overall index of the health status of a nation

neonatal mortality rate
maternal mortality rate
infant mortality rate
crude death rate

Answer 172

infant mortality rate

Question 173

Number of pregnancy related deaths divided by the number of live births

maternal mortality rate
prevalence rate
standardized mortality rate
neonatal mortality rate

Answer 173

maternal mortality rate

Question 174

Most important behavior change for improving health

diet modification
exercise
smoking cessation
breastfeeding

Answer 174

smoking cessation

Question 175

This would not reduce the frequency and seriousness of INFECTIOUS diseases

pure water supply
solid wastes disposed in a sanitary manner
arthropod and animal vector of disease is controlled
changes in lifestyle

Answer 175

changes in lifestyle

Question 176

Most of the adverse events experienced by the patient during hospitalization is due to

wound infections
medication errors
iatrogenic infections
inappropriate diagnostic procedure

Answer 176

medication errors

Question 177

A more or less COMPLETE COUNT OF INDIVIDUALS WITHIN a given geographic area at a specified instant of time

CENSUS
SURVEY
DEMOGRAPHY
POPULATION REGISTER

Answer 177

CENSUS

Question 178

Some 1450 persons are in a population. Forty six (46) persons died. 64% of those who died were age 55 years and above. What is the crude death rate?

2.03%
3.17%
70%
72%

Answer 178

3.17%

Question 179

The observation of events in the community are presented in the form of tables/graphs. Which of the following graphs is best to use in presenting trends of birth and deaths over a period of time

pie graph
line graph
frequency polygon
bar graph

Answer 179

line graph

Question 180

Factors that will lead to a healthy life

nutrition, environment, genes
environment, genes, age
genes, age, nutrition
environment, human behavior, nutrition

Answer 180

environment, human behavior, nutrition

Question 181

What vitamin fortified in milk that has largely eliminated rickets?

iodized salt
fluoride in water
enrichment of cereal grain products with folic acid
vitamin D milk

Answer 181

vitamin D milk

Question 182

There are 86 students in the college of medicine. During March and April, 26 students were absent with chickenpox. What is the attack rate?

30. 23%
31. 23%
32. 23%
33. 23%

Answer 182

30.23%

Question 183

Of the 45 total cases of chickenpox 3 died. Calculate the case fatality ratio for chickenpox in this epidemic.

66. 6%
67. 66%
68. 66%
69. 66%

Answer 183

6.66%

Question 184

Which do you think is a measure of the risk of having a risk factor?

Odd’s ratio
relative risk
risk ratio
p value

Answer 184

Odd’s ratio

Question 185

As the sensitivity of the test increases which of the following generally occurs?

cut off point decreases
false negative error rate increases
false positive error rate increases
specificity increase

Answer 185

specificity increase

?????

Question 186

Ability of a measurement to give the same result is called

precision
accuracy
false positive
false negative

Answer 186

precision

Question 187

Ability of a test to detect a disease when it is present. It is also the ability of a test to detect true cases of a disease

sensitivity
specificity
accuracy
cut off point

Answer 187

sensitivity

Question 188

Ability of a test to exclude a disease when it is absent. it is the capacity of a test to show positive results only in subjects who have the disease in question

sensitivity
accuracy
specificity
none of the above

Answer 188

specificity

Question 189

It defines normal and abnormal test results. It indicates the value beyond which a test result is considered abnormal leading to a diagnosis

cut off point
specificity
sensitivity
none of the above

Answer 189

Cut off point

Question 190

Tendency of a measure to be correct on the average. It is the ability to obtain a test result or study result that is close to the true value

Accuracy
Specificity
Sensitivity
all of the above are correct

Answer 190

Accuracy

Question 191

Screening test

should have a high degree of sensitivity and is use to rule out a diagnosis
should have a high degree of specificity and is used to rule in a diagnosis
capacity of a test to show positive results only in subjects who have the disease in question

Answer 191

capacity of a test to show positive results only in subjects who have the disease in question

Question 192

Number of new cases over a defined period divided by the mid-period population at risk

Incidence rate
prevalence rate
relative risk
Odd’s ratio

Answer 192

Incidence rate

Question 193

Number of pregnancy related deaths divided by the number of live births

maternal mortality rate
case fatality ratio
neonatal mortality rate
post neonatal mortality rate

Answer 193

maternal mortality rate

Question 194

A total of 97 neonatal cases were admitted in a certain hospital from January to June 2021. 71% were males and 29% were female. There were 37 deaths. What was the case fatality ratio of neonatal tetanus?

30%
38%
70%
72%

Answer 194

38%

Question 195

There were 450 deliveries in a certain small town at the end of 2020 in a population of 145,000. Thirty of these deliveries were stillbirths and 420 are live births. Compute for the CRUDE BIRTH RATE.

2. 88/1,000 pop.
3. 88 / 1,000 pop.
4. 88 / 1,000 pop.
5. 22 / 1,000 pop.

Answer 195

2.88/1,000 pop.

?????

Question 196

At the end of 2020, a total of 39 deaths among ages 1 month to 11 months and 15 stillbirths were also recorded. The total live births for that year was 675 and the mid-year population was 585,000. Compute for the Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000.

80
57
66
.066

Answer 196

57

Question 197

At the end of 2020, the neonatal death was 2100, infant death was 3100, and 45,000 was due to accidents. The remaining 264,000 was due to the other top leading causes of mortality. The mid-year population was 80 million. Compute for the CRUDE DEATH RATE per 1,000. pop.

3.3 / 1,000 pop.
3.92/1,000 pop.
33 / 1000 pop.
39.2 / 1000 pop.

Answer 197

3.92/1,000 pop.

Question 198

There were 456 new COVID cases at the end of 2020 in a municipality with a population of 35,000. Compute for the incidence rate in %.

1.30
11.30
0.30
none of the above

Answer 198

1.30

Question 199

At the end of 2020, pregnant mothers cause of death at the time of delivery were recorded and distributed in the following: hemorrhage 28, sepsis 19, eclampsia 12, complications from other diseases like heart disease and diabetes mellitus 4, accident in going to the hospital for delivery 3, bleeding sustained by the pregnant mother when she slides in the bathroom 3. There were 180,000 live births during the year and the population is 3.3 million. COMPUTE FOR THE MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE per 100,000.

38. 33
39. 66
40. 00
41. 66

Answer 199

35.00

Question 200

In water treatment the fundamental method for removing unwarranted substances is by

filtration
chlorination
fluoridation
none of the above

Answer 200

filtration

Question 201

Which of these group of factors influence our health?

environment, behavior and nutrition
environment, genes and age
genes, age nutrition
nutrition, environment, age

Answer 201

environment, behavior and nutrition

Question 202

Which one is not the goal of immunization?

elimination of disease
treatment of disease
eradication of disease
control of disease to reduce mortality and morbidity

Answer 202

treatment of disease

Question 203

Which vaccine is not included in the Expanded Program on immunization (EPI) in the Philippines?

Oral polio vaccine (OPV)
Diphtheria, Pertussis, tetanus vaccine (DPT)
Hepa B vaccine
Influenza vaccine

Answer 203

Influenza vaccine

Question 204

What mineral or vitamin fortified n milk that has largely eliminated rickets?

iodine
fluoride
enrichment of cereal grain products with folic acid
vitamin D

Answer 204

vitamin D

Question 205

What are the two high risk factors that will result to a cardiovascular disease within 8 years on a 45 year old man?

smoker and high cholesterol level
smoker and severe hypertension
glucose intolerance and high cholesterol level
severe hypertension and high cholesterol level

Answer 205

severe hypertension and high cholesterol level

Question 206

Most common cause of cardiovascular disease

coronary artery disease
valvular heart disease
congenital heart disease
aortic aneurysm

Answer 206

coronary artery disease

Question 207

What do you think is the basic goal of epidemiologic research?

compare two groups that differ in terms of exposure and outcome
eliminate all biases
establish causality
reject null hypothesis

Answer 207

compare two groups that differ in terms of exposure and outcome

Question 208

Close supervision of contacts for prompt recognition of illness by restricting their movement

quarantine
surveillance
detention
segregation

Answer 208

quarantine

Question 209

Observations of events in the community are presented in the form of tables/graphs. Which of the following graphs is best to use in presenting trends of birth and deaths over a PERIOD OF TIME?

pie graph
bar graph
line graph
frequency polygon

Answer 209

line graph

Question 210

What type of analysis will you use if we want to measure in terms of the number of injuries, illnesses or deaths prevented?

cost effective analysis
cost benefit analysis
meta analysis
none of the above

Answer 210

cost effective analysis

Question 211

What type of error if something is said to be true when actually it is false called?

False positive error
False negative error
type II error
Beta error

Answer 211

False positive error

Question 212

Which one will not reduce the frequency and seriousness of infectious diseases?

pure water supply
solid wastes disposal in a sanitary manner
arthropod and animal vector of diseases are controlled
changes in lifestyle

Answer 212

changes in lifestyle

Question 213

option 1

Answer 213

option 1

Question 214

Artificial passive acquired immunity would result from

having the ,measles
ingestion of colostrum
receiving a gamma globulin injection
receiving a vaccine

Answer 214

receiving a gamma globulin injection

Question 215

Vaccines that are used to protect people from diphtheria and tetanus are

antitoxins
attenuated vaccines
inactivated vaccines
toxoids

Answer 215

toxoids

Question 216

Goal of secondary prevention is the detection of disease or risk factors in the *
pre - disease stage
pre - symptomatic stage
symptomatic stage
post disability stage

Answer 216

pre - symptomatic stage

Question 217

Which statement is not true for passive acquired immunity?

antibodies form from one person are transferred to another to protect the latter from infection
receive antibodies rather than produce them
immunity is temporary from 3 to 6 months
resistance to infection is permanent

Answer 217

resistance to infection is permanent

Question 218

Most effective vaccine is a vaccine from living organisms and these are called

inactivated killed vaccine
toxoid vaccine prepared from exotoxin that have been inactivated
attenuated or weakened vaccine
antitoxins

Answer 218

attenuated or weakened vaccine

Question 219

Immunity that is acquired in response to vaccines

natural active acquired immunity
artificial active acquired immunity
natural passive acquired immunity
artificial passive acquired immunity

Answer 219

artificial active acquired immunity

Question 220

Represents a window of opportunity during which detection followed by treatment provide a better chance of cure

pre-disease stage
symptomatic stage
latent stage
tertiary stage

Answer 220

latent stage

Question 221

Which intervention constitutes secondary prevention as a component of pre-natal care?

performing a non-stress test before parturition
performing pelvic ultrasound examination during the second trimester of pregnancy
screening for and treating gestational diabetes
screening for rubella antibodies

Answer 221

screening for and treating gestational diabetes

Question 222

A severe malnutrition due to deficiencies in all nutrients usually due to poverty and scarcity of food and the child looks older

kwashiorkor
starvation
marasmus
all are correct

Answer 222

marasmus

Question 223

Which type of activities that falls under the umbrella of HEALTH PROMOTION?

A. SCREENING AND CASE FINDING
B. DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
C. HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH LEGISLATION AND HEALTH MAINTENANCE ACTION
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE IS CORRECT

Answer 223

C. HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH LEGISLATION AND HEALTH MAINTENANCE ACTION

Question 224

What is the best explanation for the high prevalence of obesity in the U.S.A.?

an innate preference for sweet food, compounded by insulin resistance
a high calorie diet and a sedentary lifestyle
a deficiency of dietary fiber and excess protein
a genetic defect resulting in low basal metabolism

Answer 224

a high calorie diet and a sedentary lifestyle

Question 225

Approval of the varicella vaccine and the decision to provide it routinely to children were most clearly supported by

evidence about the effects of the vaccine on herd immunity
evidence of the protective efficacy of the vaccine
evidence regarding the duration of immunity
evidence about the effects of the vaccine on the occurrence of herpes zoster

Answer 225

evidence of the protective efficacy of the vaccine

Question 226

An example of secondary prevention is

detection and treatment of hypertension
early treatment of diabetic nephropathy
folic acid supplementation of foods
vaccination against Hepatitis B

Answer 226

detection and treatment of hypertension

Question 227

Which statement is not true for independent variables?

people who do have and people who do not have have exposure to the risk factor
all faculty in the university
demographic profile of the population under study
people who do have and people who do not have the disease or outcome of the study

Answer 227

people who do have and people who do not have the disease or outcome of the study

Question 228

Aims to reduce the complication including disability and handicap

secondary prevention
primary prevention
tertiary prevention
fourth prevention

Answer 228

tertiary prevention

Question 229

Promote health in a population through the application of organized community efforts

Preventive Medicine
Clinical Medicine
Public Health
None of the above

Answer 229

Public Health

Question 230

A measure of health status that incorporates life expectancy and the perceived impact of illness and its disability

Quality Adjusted Life Years
Health Life Expectancy
Mortality Rates
Health Profile

Answer 230

Quality Adjusted Life Years

Question 231

Interrupt the disease process before it becomes symptomatic

secondary prevention
primary prevention
tertiary prevention
No prevention

Answer 231

secondary prevention

Question 232

A statement that does not apply to kwashiorkor

often called an edematous malnutrition
develop during the weaning process
caused by lack of protein in the diet
result in deficiencies in all nutrients

Answer 232

result in deficiencies in all nutrients

Question 233

When the body mass index (BMI) is in the range of 36 to 38.

overweight
class I obese
class III obese
class II obese

Answer 233

class II obese

Question 234

Kills vegetative form of micro-organisms

fluoride
chlorine
aluminum sulfate
flocculent coagulates

Answer 234

chlorine

Question 235

Most important behavior change for improving health

diet modification
exercise
smoking cessation
breastfeeding

Answer 235

smoking cessation

Question 236

A disease that has been successfully eradicated by immunization is *

poliomyelitis
measles
chickenpox
smallpox

Answer 236

smallpox

Question 237

Folic acid

has eliminated goiter
has eliminated rickets
has reduced the incidence of dental caries
has prevented neural tube defect

Answer 237

has prevented neural tube defect

Question 238

A patient was bitten by a dog. Post exposure rabies immunoglobulin was administered. What type of immunity the patient will develop?

cross reactivity
active artificial immunity
passive natural immunity
passive artificial immunity

Answer 238

passive artificial immunity

Question 239

Goal of secondary prevention in the detection of disease or risk factors in the

pre-disease stage
pre-symptomatic stage
symptomatic stage
post disability stage

Answer 239

pre-symptomatic stage

Question 240

Which one is not an objective of a screening program?

treatment to reduce mortality
treatment to reduce complications
to provide health promotion activities
treatment to eradicate infection and prevent its spread

Answer 240

to provide health promotion activities

Question 241

The sum of all the observed values in a data set divided by the number of observations

mode
median
mean
standard deviation

Answer 241

mean

Question 242

A group of first year medical students feel better after taking a prescribed antidepressant drugs. You make a conclusion that being a first year student is associated with depression. This is an example of a logical progression from the specific to the general.

deductive reasoning
hypothesis testing
inductive reasoning
transference

Answer 242

inductive reasoning

Question 243

The value of alpha serves as a protection against

selection bias
type 1 error
type II error
false negative results

Answer 243

type 1 error

Question 244

Many types of medical important data are measured on a measurement scales. Patient’s heights, weights, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum cholesterol levels are examples of data measured on

ordinal or ranked values
ratio variables
nominal variables
continuous (dimensional) variables

Answer 244

continuous (dimensional) variables

Question 245

Respiratory distress as being absent, mild, moderate or severe

ordinal
nominal
continuous
ratio variables

Answer 245

ordinal

Question 246

When a histogram or frequency polygon has a longer tail on the left side of the diagram the distribution is said

to be skewed to the right
to be skewed to the left
a kurtosis
not affected

Answer 246

to be skewed to the left

Question 247

Which of the following is not an example of a nominal data?

name
age
sex
race

Answer 247

age

Question 248

A patient is exposed to Hepatitis B. Human immune globulin was administered after the exposure. What type of immunity the patient will develop?

cross reactivity
passive immunity
active immunity
hypersensitivity

Answer 248

passive immunity

Question 249

This vaccine would most likely to be dangerous to a person with immunodeficiency when given

diptheria vaccine
hepatitis B vaccine
tetanus vaccine
measles vaccine

Answer 249

measles vaccine

Question 250

In which of the following ways is health promotion distinguished from disease prevention?

A. only health promotion can begin before a disease becomes symptomatic
B. only health promotion involves materials and methods that are generally non-medical
C. only health promotion is targeted at populations rather than individuals
D. only health promotion is applied when a disease has developed

Answer 250

only health promotion involves materials and methods that are generally non-medical

Question 251

Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?

prescription drug therapy for symptoms of menopause
physical therapy after lumbar disc herniation
thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction
cholesterol reduction in a patient with asymptomatic coronary artery disease

Answer 251

cholesterol reduction in a patient with asymptomatic coronary artery disease

Question 252

Most frequent site of serious contact with environmental hazards is the

eye
GIT
lungs
Other:

Answer 252

lungs

Question 253

An indoor air pollutant of greatest public health importance is

carbon monoxide
dust
tobacco smoke
radon

Answer 253

tobacco smoke

Question 254

A visceral protein malnutrition that tends to occur in developing nations during the weaning of children from breast milk is known as

anasarca
cachexia
kwashiorkor
marasmus

Answer 254

kwashiorkor

Question 255

Of the following environmental hazards, the only one categorized as a non-threshold hazard is

carbon monoxide
lead
noise
ionizing radiation

Answer 255

ionizing radiation

Question 256

Ames test is used to

estimate the mutagenic potential of a chemical
quantify radiation exposure
determine antibiotic susceptibility
establish environmental standards for heavy metals

Answer 256

estimate the mutagenic potential of a chemical

Question 257

What do you call the data that often enable investigators to make more detailed inferences and also shows the position of the different observations relative to each other?

continuous data
ordinal data
nominal data
dichotomous data

Answer 257

continuous data

Question 258

Which one is not a measure of central tendency? 
mode
median
standard deviation
mean

Answer 258

standard deviation

Question 259

What seeks to enhance the lives of individuals by helping them improve their health?

Preventive Medicine
Public Health
Family Medicine
Clinical Medicine

Answer 259

Preventive Medicine

Question 260

A patient came in at the emergency room with chief complaint of severe chilling sensations with hypogastric pain. This characterization of the pain as severe is

ordinal
parametric
qualitative
nominal

Answer 260

qualitative

Question 261

Which of the following graphs is best to use in presenting trends of any disease over a period of time?

pie graph
bar graph
line graph
frequency polygon

Answer 261

line graph

Question 262

The basic goal of hypothesis testing is

to establish the value of alpha
to confirm the alternative hypothesis
to distinguish between random and meaningful differences in outcome
to enhance the predictive value of a particular study design

Answer 262

to distinguish between random and meaningful differences in outcome

Question 263

Statistical significance is achieved when

the alpha value is lesser than the p value
p value is lesser than the alpha value
beta equals alpha
p value is greater than the alpha value

Answer 263

p value is lesser than the alpha value

Question 264

Two groups are asked the probability that a certain toxicant can cause global warming. They are to use scale with 5 choices ranging from improbable to highly probable. The toxicant data in this study are

continuous
dichotomous
nominal
ordinal

Answer 264

ordinal

Question 265

A bar graph in which the number of units of observations (ex. persons) is shown on the Y axis, the measurement values (ex. cholesterol level ) are shown on X axis, and the frequency distribution is illustrated by a series of vertical bars.

frequency polygon
line graph
histogram
epidemic curve

Answer 265

histogram

Question 266

What do you call the distance between low and high scores in statistics?

mode
median
standard deviation
range

Answer 266

range

Question 267

What diseases where treatment to prevent its spread objective is applicable?

hypertension
gonorrhea
type 2 diabetes
elevated serum cholesterol levels

Answer 267

gonorrhea

Question 268

Symptomatic stage prevention attempts to halt or limit the future progression of disease. The strategies of symptomatic stage prevention include all of the following except

modification of diet
modification of behavior
modification of environment
modification of age

Answer 268

modification of age

Question 269

Specific protection against malaria is provided by

mosquito repellent
passive immunization
vitamin A supplementation
antimicrobial prophylaxis

Answer 269

antimicrobial prophylaxis

Question 270

To increase the understanding of the FACTORS CONTRIBUTINGTO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DISEASE

do health legislation
do health prevention (wrong answer)
do health education
NONE OF THE ABOVE

Answer 270

do health education

?????

Question 271

Provision of clean water supply is an example of what type of model

informed choice model
modification model
medical model
societal model

Answer 271

societal model

Question 272

Total cholesterol is the sum

LDL+HDL+VLDL
LDL+HDL+TRIGLYCERIDE
LDL+HDL
All of the above is correct

Answer 272

LDL+HDL+VLDL

Question 273

What is an example of tertiary prevention?

hospice care
occupational therapy after a stroke (CVA)
total cholesterol levels do not correlate with risk
in contrast to triglyceride levels total cholesterol levels vary with meals

Answer 273

occupational therapy after a stroke (CVA)

Question 274

Under what circumstances can primary and tertiary prevention be achieved concurrently?

never because primary and tertiary prevention are mutually exclusive
when a patient is treated for hip fracture
when a patient is treated for active tuberculosis
when a patient is treated for myocardial infarction

Answer 274

when a patient is treated for active tuberculosis

Question 275

The approval of the varicella vaccine to provide it routinely to children were most clearly supported by

evidence about the effects of the vaccine on herd immunity
evidence of the protective efficacy of the vaccine
evidence regarding the duration of the immunity
evidence about the effects of the vaccine on the occurrence of herpes zoster

Answer 275

evidence of the protective efficacy of the vaccine

Question 276

In the methods of Environmental Modification the most preferred is

preventing contact between people and the environmental hazards
water sanitation
control of disease vectors
eliminating or reducing the offending agent

Answer 276

eliminating or reducing the offending agent

Question 277

A deficiency of this vitamin during pregnancy will increase the risk of neural tube defect in the fetus

thiamine
niacin
folic acid
riboflavin

Answer 277

folic acid

Question 278

Which do you think is not a risk factor for cardiovascular disease

dyslipidemia
hyperglycemia
hypertension
hyperuricemia

Answer 278

hyperuricemia

Question 279

Abnormal elevated levels of this is associated with increase risk of cardiovascular disease due to formation of atheroma

HDL
triglycerides
LDL
total cholesterol

Answer 279

LDL

Question 280

The blood pressure reading in stage 2 hypertension is

140 - 159 systole and 90-99 diastole
160-180 systole and 100-110 diastole
greater than 180 systole and greater than 110 diastole
120-139 systole and 80-89 diastole

Answer 280

160-180 systole and 100-110 diastole

Question 281

A multivariable analysis is appropriate when

A. bivariate analysis fails to reveal statistical significance
B. more than one independent variable is under investigation but only one dependent variable
C. more than one independent variable and more than one dependent variable is under investigation
D. multiple hypothesis are being tested

Answer 281

B. more than one independent variable is under investigation but only one dependent variable

Question 282

This statement best exemplifies a multivariable model

height varies with age, weight and gender
height varies with gender and weight varies with age
height and weight vary with age and gender
height varies with gender

Answer 282

height varies with age, weight and gender

Question 283

You are interested in comparing the effects of various agents on the management of pain caused by osteoarthritis. Pain is measured in a continuous pain scale. You design a study in which equal numbers of patients are assigned to three groups defined by treatment (acetaminophen treatment, ibuprofen treatment, or placebo treatment). Other independent variables are gender, age (dichotomous) severity of the arthritis (categorical ). Which of the following would be the most appropriate statistical method for analyzing your data.

ANCOVA
Logistic Regression Analysis
ANOVA
Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test

Answer 283

ANOVA

Question 284

It is important to consider a beta error when

the difference under consideration is not clinically meaningful
the Null hypothesis is not rejected
the hypothesis is rejected (wrong answer)
the sample size is excessively large

Answer 284

the Null hypothesis is not rejected

????

Question 285

Random sampling

entails selecting a small group for study from a much larger group of potential stud subjects
entails allocating the available subjects to one or more study group
is usually used in clinical trial
none of the above

Answer 285

entails selecting a small group for study from a much larger group of potential stud subjects

Question 286

An allocation that uses a random number table or a computerized random number generator to allocate potential subjects to a treatment or control status

stratified allocation
systematic allocation
simple random allocation
randomization into groups of two

Answer 286

simple random allocation

Question 287

Close supervision of contacts for prompt recognition of illness without restricting movement

quarantine
surveillance
detention
segregation

Answer 287

surveillance

Question 288

Pasteurization of milk is what level of prevention 
primary level
primordial level
secondary level
tertiary level

Answer 288

primary level

Question 289

Which of the following is the backbone of disease prevention?

epidemiology
demographics
vital statistics
health statistics

Answer 289

epidemiology

Question 290

Which program is an example secondary prevention?

a community wide nutrition program at fast food establishments
a program to immunize persons exposed to infectious disease (primary)
Alcoholic Anonymous
an exercise program for persons who have a stroke (ter)

Answer 290

Alcoholic Anonymous????

Question 291

Which of the following is a negative health behavior that must be avoided to prevent illness?

immunization
adequate sleep pattern
self-medication
regular check up

Answer 291

self-medication

Question 292

Which one is an example of primary prevention?

Pap smear to identify disease at an early stage
Other: Folic acid supplementation of foods

Answer 292

: Folic acid supplementation of foods

Question 293

Which one is an example of primary prevention?

Pap smear to identify disease at an early stage
radiation sensitive badges for workers in x-ray units
control of pre-eclampsia during pregnancy
folic acid supplementation of foods
Other:

Answer 293

folic acid supplementation of foods

Question 294

Which one is an example of secondary prevention

testing donated blood for HIV antibodies
maintaining a continuous supply of drug needed to treat TB
a patient was brought to the ER of urticaria associated with difficulty of breathing after being bitten by a bee then anti histamine drug was injected
chlorination which is the last stage of water treatment

Answer 294

testing donated blood for HIV antibodies

Question 295

Which one is an example of tertiary prevention?

prescription drug therapy for symptoms of menopause
pneumococcal vaccine in a patient who has undergone splenectomy
detection and treatment of hypertension
post exposure prophylaxis with immunoglobulin

Answer 295

prescription drug therapy for symptoms of menopause

Question 296

Maternal antibodies pass on to the child

natural passive acquired immunity
natural active acquired immunity
artificial passive acquired immunity
artificial active acquired immunity

Answer 296

natural passive acquired immunity

Question 297

One of these is an example of artificial active acquired immunity

a DPT vaccine was given
tetanus antitoxin was given to a child who has a punctured wound
patient had a history of mumps
a patient was bitten by a snake , an anti venom was administered

Answer 297

a DPT vaccine was given

Question 298

Encouraging the mother to continue breastfeed her baby

health education
health legislation
health maintenance
none of the above

Answer 298

health maintenance

Question 299

Recommending regular physical activity to a patient with no known medical problems

health promotion
secondary prevention
specific protection
tertiary prevention

Answer 299

health promotion

Question 300

Which of these is an example of specific protection?

vaccinating a health care worker against hepatitis B
Giving INH for one year to a 28 year old medical student whose result in the tuberculin skin test recently converted from negative to positive
performing carotid angiography in a patient with coronary artery disease
none of the above

Answer 300

vaccinating a health care worker against hepatitis B

Question 301

What is an example of tertiary prevention?

hospice care
occupational therapy after a stroke (CVA)
treatment of essential hypertension
post exposure prophylaxis of rabies

Answer 301

occupational therapy after a stroke (CVA)