Pchem Flashcards

1
Q

If you have a cross section of enamel in an SEM, you will see that enamel is formed of _______ which are made up of ______

A

crystals, minerals

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2
Q

what is the hardest tissue in the human body?

A

enamel

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3
Q

what is the composition of enamel?

A

88% minerals
10% water
2% organic

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4
Q

Characteristics of enamel? (vascularity, cellularity, permeability, vitality)?

A

Avascular
Acellular
Semi-permeable
non-vital

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5
Q

______ is formed by dentinoblasts

A

Dentin

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6
Q

pain and feeling in the dentin is from ______

A

dentinoblast

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7
Q

what are crystals made up of?

A

Calcium, phosphate, hydroxide

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8
Q

when do crystals become fully mineralized?

A

as soon the tooth erupts

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9
Q

what are minerals that can be taken up by crystals?

A

Carbonate, Na+, F+

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10
Q

Carbonate _______ solubility while Fluoride _____ solubility

A

increases, decreases

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11
Q

HAp is made of what?

A

Ca, Phosphate, hydroxide

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12
Q

enamel is mainly formed of ______

A

HAp

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13
Q

what can replace Ca in HAp?

A

Mg, Na

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14
Q

What can replace phosphate in HAp?
what about hydroxyl?

A
  • carbonate can replace phosphate
  • Carbonate and Fluoride can replace OH
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15
Q

solubility increases by a factor of ____ per pH unit

A

10

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16
Q

in FHAp, fluoride partially replaces what group?

A

OH

17
Q

In FAp what replaces what?

A

Fluoride completely replaces OH

18
Q

FAp dissolves at pH ______

A

4.5

19
Q

___________ means that all minerals have an inherent fixed solubility in water at any given temperature

A

minerals dissolution

20
Q

which 3 pathways can bacteria + sucrose go?

A
  1. Extracellular polymer
  2. intracellular polymer
  3. lactic acid
21
Q

neutral saliva = ____ pH

A

6.5

22
Q

if you eat sugar, pH drops below _____ and it can take ________ mins for pH to go back to normal

A

5.5, 20-60

23
Q

the subsurface layer is a _______ thick well mineralized surface layer

A

20-50um

24
Q

how are caries and erosion different?

A
  1. Caries:
    - Slower
    - have bacterial involvement
    - “Partial demineralization” (still have structure that other materials can precipitate on)
  2. Erosion:
    - total loss of enamel
    - Faster
    - no bacteria
    - FAp/ HAp all gone
25
Q

bacteria causes ______ and occurs at ______ pH

A

caries, 4.5-5

26
Q

A non-cariogenic source causes _____ and always has a pH of ______

A

Erosion
less than 4

27
Q

________ is the loss of dental hard tissue due to direct dissolution by acids from nutrition, environment, or stomach that are NOT bacterial origin

A

Erosion

28
Q

can cupping be repaired?

A

no

29
Q

erosive substances have little or no _______

A

Ca and phosphate

30
Q

Solubility of enamel at pH 3 is_____x greater than at pH5

A

100x

31
Q

Dentin is hypermineralized tissue that has ____ minerals than enamel

A

LESS

32
Q

is dentin mineralized faster or slower than enamel when exposed? why?

A

FASTER, because it has less minerals

33
Q

______ activity in dentin removes collagenous protein

A

proteolytic

34
Q

________ respond to exogenous stimuli through deposition of minerals along and in dentinal tubules

A

Vital teeth (with a healthy pulp)

35
Q

at pH 6.5 what happens?

A

Remineralization/calculus formation, HAp: supersaturated, FHAp supersaturated

36
Q

at pH 5.5 what happens?

A

Caries, HAp: undersaturated, FHAp: supersaturated

37
Q

at pH <4 what happens?

A

Erosion, HAp & FHAp Undersaturated