PCAR Part 7-18 Flashcards
PCAR Part 7
Instrument &
Equipment
AAC
all aircraft, including AOC holders appropriate to the subject of
the regulations
AOC
Where AOC requirements are redundant to AAC requirements,
Or more detailed, the AOC requirements will be followed.
[AAC] In addition to the minimum equipment necessary for the
issuance of a CoA, the instruments, equipment and flight documents
prescribed in Part 7 _______________.
shall be installed or carried
[AAC] An operator shall ensure that a flight ________________ the required equipment:
Meets the __________________________.
does not commence unless + minimum performance standard and the operational and
airworthiness requirements
[AAC] An operator shall ensure that a flight ________________ the required equipment:
Is installed such that the failure of any single unit required for either
communication or navigation purposes, or both, will _________________________.
does not commence unless + not result in the inability to communicate and/or navigate safely
[AAC] An operator shall ensure that a flight ________________ the required equipment:
Is in ______________ for the kind of operation being conducted,
except as provided in the _____________________.
does not commence unless + operable condition + Minimum Equipment List (MEL)
A document that outlines the specific equipment that must be functioning properly for an aircraft to be deemed airworthy.
Minimum Equipment List (MEL)
It provides a detailed list of essential systems, instruments, and equipment required for safe flight operations.
Minimum Equipment List (MEL)
However, the MEL also _______________ under specific conditions, as long as certain criteria are met.
allows for certain non-essential equipment to be
temporarily inoperative
How MEL works:
- Listing of Equipment: The MEL identifies all equipment installed on the aircraft,
categorizing them ________________ to safe flight operations. Essential
equipment, such as primary flight instruments, navigation systems, and crucial
safety systems, are listed as ________________.
based on their criticality + “required for dispatch”
How MEL works:
- Allowable Inoperative Equipment: For ______________ that can be
temporarily inoperative, the MEL provides guidelines for when the aircraft can
still be dispatched with that equipment out of service. This might include items
like _______________________.
non-essential equipment + certain cockpit lighting, passenger convenience features, or redundant systems
How MEL works:
- Conditions and Procedures: The MEL specifies the conditions under which an
aircraft can be dispatched with equipment inoperative. These conditions typically
include factors such as ___________________________.
weather, time of day, route of flight, and availability of
alternative systems or procedures
How MEL works:
- Performance Limitations: The MEL may also include __________________________. For instance, if a navigation system is inoperative, the MEL might specify alternate navigation
procedures or routes to ensure safe operation.
performance limitations
or procedures to compensate for the inoperative equipment
How MEL works:
- Maintenance and Reporting Requirements: The MEL outlines the ________________________ to rectify the inoperative equipment and the ___________________
for the flight crew and maintenance personnel. This ensures that the inoperative
equipment is addressed promptly and appropriately.
maintenance
procedures required + reporting obligations
How MEL works:
- Approval Process: Any ______________ must be approved by the appropriate
aviation regulatory authority or the operator’s designated authority. This ensures that
safety standards are maintained and that deviations are justified and managed properly.
deviations from the MEL
[AAC] All aircraft shall be equipped with flight and navigational instruments which will enable the flight crew to:
- Control the flight path of the aircraft
- Carry out any required procedural maneuvers
- Observe the operating limitations of the aircraft
- In the event of the failure of one item of equipment, operate the
remaining navigation equipment in accordance with its operational
flight plan and the requirements of Air Traffic Service.
[AAC] No person may operate any aircraft unless it is equipped with
the following flight and navigational instruments:
- An airspeed indicator.
- A sensitive pressure altimeter, adjustable for any barometric
pressure likely to be set during flight. - A vertical speed indicator.
- A turn and slip indicator, or a turn coordinator incorporating a slip
indicator. - A magnetic compass.
- A means of indicating in the flight crew compartment the outside
air temperature. - An accurate timepiece indicating the time in hours, minutes, and
seconds (approval not required).
[AAC] All aircraft when operated in IFR, or at night, or when the aircraft
cannot be maintained in a desired attitude without reference to one or more
flight instruments as listed in
7.2.2 and additionally as follows:
- Airspeed indicating system with a means of preventing malfunctioning
due to either condensation or icing - Sensitive pressure altimeter with counter drum-pointer or equivalent
presentation - A means of indicating whether the supply of power to the gyroscopic
instruments is adequate
[AAC] No person may operate an airplane with a MTOW exceeding
________ operating in accordance with IFR, unless it is equipped with a
________________________.
5,700 kg + single standby attitude indicator
[AAC] When the standby attitude indicator is being ____________________, it shall be _____________ to the flight crew.
operated by
emergency power + clearly evident
[AAC] Where the standby attitude indicator has its own dedicated
power supply there shall be an __________________, either on the
instrument or on the instrument pane when this ________________.
associated indication + supply is in use
[AAC] No person may operate an aircraft unless it is equipped with
_______________ that will enable it to proceed in accordance with:
navigation equipment,
- Its operational flight plan
- The requirements of air traffic services
No person may operate an aircraft in ___________________________ airspace unless authorized by CAAP for such operations.
Performance-Based Navigation specification
A method of aircraft navigation that allows for more precise and efficient routing compared to traditional ground-based navigation systems.
Performance-Based Navigation (PBN)
____________ define the performance requirements for navigation systems and procedures, enabling aircraft to navigate accurately along predetermined paths in three dimensions: ________________________.
PBN specifications + lateral, longitudinal, and vertical
_____________________helps ensure the safety, efficiency, and integrity of the airspace system by verifying that _________________________ to conduct PBN procedures in compliance with regulatory requirements.
Authorization for PBN operations + operators have the necessary qualifications, equipment, and procedures
[AAC] No person may operate an aircraft unless it is ________________________ required for the kind of operation being conducted and capable of receiving meteorological information at any time during flight.
equipped with radio equipment
[AOC] No AOC holder may operate an aircraft on which a _____________________ is required unless it is equipped with ______________________, including headsets and microphones, not of a handheld type, for use by all members of the flight crew.
flight crew of more than one + a flight crew interphone system
[AAC] No person may operate an aircraft in airspace that requires a pressure reporting transponder unless _____________________________.
that equipment is operative and operates in accordance with the provisions of ICAO Annex 10
[AAC] All aircraft operated at night shall be equipped with
- Landing light
- Anti-collision light system
- Navigation/position lights
- Illumination for all flight instruments and equipment
- Lights in passenger compartment
- Flashlight for each crew member station
- Heated pitot tube
[AAC] No person may operate any powered aircraft without the following engine instruments
- Fuel quantity indicator
- Oil pressure indicator
- Oil temperature indicator
- Manifold pressure indicator
- Tachometer
[AOC] In addition to the listed equipment requirements, no AOC operator may operate any powered aircraft without the following engine instruments
- Fuel pressure indicator
- Fuel flow meter or fuel mixture indicator
- Oil quantity indicator
- Independent fuel pressure warning device
- Device indicating a propeller in reverse pitch
[AAC] All aircraft with speed limitations expressed in terms of Mach number shall be equipped with a ______________________.
Mach number indicator
[AAC] All pressurized aircraft intended to be operated at altitudes at or above 25,000’ ASL shall be equipped with _____________________________.
a device to provide positive warning to the flight crew of any dangerous loss of pressurization
[AOC] Each airplane with retractable landing gear shall have a __________________.
landing gear aural warning device that functions continuously
Required altitude alerting system applies to
[AAC] Turbine propeller powered airplane with a MTOW in excess of 5,700kg or having a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than 9 seats
[AAC] Turbojet powered airplane
[AAC] For operations where a Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) of 300 m (1,000 ft.) is applied above FL 290
What does RVSM mean?
Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum
[AAC] A ground proximity warning system shall provide, as a minimum, warnings of the following circumstances
- Excessive descent rate.
- Excessive terrain closure rate.
- Excessive altitude loss after take-off or go-around.
- Unsafe terrain clearance while not in landing configuration; and
- Excessive descent below the instrument glide path.
[AOC] No person may operate a helicopter carrying passengers or a pressurized airplane in commercial air transport in an area where potentially hazardous weather conditions may be expected unless ___________________.
it is equipped with operative weather radar
A safety system installed in aircraft to provide alerts to flight crews when the aircraft is in danger of colliding with the ground or terrain.
Ground Proximity Warning System
Designed to enhance situational awareness and help prevent controlled flight into terrain (CFIT)accidents, which occur when an airworthy aircraft, under pilot control, unintentionally impacts the ground.
Ground Proximity Warning System
Installed in aircraft in order to determine certain weather conditions in the atmosphere like, locating precipitation or calculating its motion and even estimate the weather situations like rain, snow, hail etc.
Weather Radar
Crash protected flight recorders comprise of one or more of the following system
- Flight data recorder (FDR)
- Cockpit voice recorder (CVR)
- Airborne image recorder (AIR)
- Data link recorder (DLR)
Lightweight flight recorders comprise of one or more of the following system
- Aircraft data recording system (ADRS)
- Cockpit audio recording system (CARS)
- Airborne image recording system (AIRS)
- Data link recording system (DLRS)
The operator shall conduct _____________________ from the flight recorder systems to ensure the continued serviceability of the recorders.
operational checks and evaluations of recordings
Operators shall provide to accident investigation authorities the ____________________ and _________________________.
documentation of flight recording systems parameters in electronic format + in accordance with ARINC 647A, Flight Recorder Electronic Documentation or equivalent Document
A specification developed by ARINC (Aeronautical Radio, Incorporated) that pertains to the design and installation of aircraft seat electronic assemblies.
ARINC 647A
This specification outlines requirements for the electrical interfaces, connectors, and wiring used in aircraft seating systems, particularly focusing on in-seat power systems and associated components.
ARINC 647A
What does ARINC mean?
Aeronautical Radio Incorporated
CVR and CARS shall start to record _________________ and _______________________ when the aircraft is no longer capable of moving under its own power.
prior to the aircraft moving under its own power + record continuously until the termination of the flight
The primary purpose of a CVR is to ____________________.
record the conversations and ambient sounds in the cockpit, including communication between the flight crew, air traffic control (ATC), and other relevant audio sources
What does CVR mean?
Cockpit Voice Recorder
The CVR captures audio from the cockpit area to __________________ and __________________ during flight.
provide insight into the interactions + decision-making processes of the flight crew
CAMS or CARS refer to systems that record not only the cockpit voice communications but also __________________________.
other audio sources such as cockpit area microphones, radio communications, ambient cockpit sounds, and sometimes even data link communications
What does CAMS mean?
Cockpit Area Microphone System
What does CARS mean?
Cockpit Audio Recording System
A CVR shall be capable of retaining the information recorded during at least the last
- At least 2 hours of its operations
- 25 hours of its operations, for airplane with MTOW of over 27000 kg for which its CofA is first issued on or after 1 January 2022
[AAC] Each item of emergency and flotation equipment shall be
- Readily accessible to the crew and passengers
- Clearly identified and clearly marked to indicate its method of operation
- Marked as to date of last inspection
- Marked as to contents when carried in a compartment or container
[AAC] Each emergency exit (other than over-the-wing) that is more than 6 feet from the ground shall have _________________________.
an approved means to assist the occupants in descending to the ground
[AAC] Each passenger emergency exit, its means of access, and its means of opening shall be conspicuously marked by a ___________________________.
sign visible to occupants
[AOC] Each passenger carrying aircraft shall have ________________, independent of the main lighting system.
an emergency lighting system
[AAC] Each passenger emergency exit shall have ______________________.
instructions for opening from the outside clearly marked on the outside of the door
No person shall operate an aircraft over land unless there is carried onboard survival equipment, sufficient for the survival on the ground of each person on board that provides the means for
- starting a fire
- providing shelter
- providing or purifying water
- visually signaling distress
All aircraft on all flights shall be equipped with a _________ of a type and quantity as specified in IS: 7.8.5, meet the technical standards specified by the Authority and the relevant portions of ICAO Annex 10 (Aeronautical Telecommunication), Volume 3.
406 MHz ELT
Minimum number of hand fire extinguishers passenger seating capacity:
7 through 29
1
Minimum number of hand fire extinguishers passenger seating capacity:
30 through 60
2
Minimum number of hand fire extinguishers passenger seating capacity:
61 through 200
3
Minimum number of hand fire extinguishers passenger seating capacity:
201 through 300
4
Minimum number of hand fire extinguishers passenger seating capacity:
301 through 400
5
Minimum number of hand fire extinguishers passenger seating capacity:
401 through 500
6
Minimum number of hand fire extinguishers passenger seating capacity:
501 through 600
7
Minimum number of hand fire extinguishers passenger seating capacity:
601 or more
8
[AOC] No person may operate a passenger-carrying transport category airplane unless each lavatory in the airplane is equipped with ___________________ located within the lavatory.
a built-in fire extinguisher for each disposal receptacle for towels, paper, or waste
[AOC] No person may operate a passenger-carrying transport category airplane unless each lavatory in the airplane is equipped with a __________________.
smoke detector system
[AOC] No AOC holder shall operate a large airplane unless it is equipped with a ____________ appropriate to effective use in that type of airplane, stored in a place ___________________ on the airplane.
crash axe + not visible to passengers
Marking of break-in points in aircraft involves ____________________ where access panels, doors, hatches, or other components can be _______________________.
identifying specific locations on the aircraft structure + opened or removed for maintenance, inspection, or emergency egress
These break-in points are crucial for ensuring ____________________________.
efficient maintenance operations, proper inspection of critical systems, and quick evacuation in emergency situations
No person shall operate an aircraft that requires ________________ unless it is equipped with at least one universal precaution kit.
a cabin crew member
[AOC] No person may operate a passenger flight in an airplane with ____________________ unless the airplane is equipped with _________________________ for treatment of injuries or medical emergencies that might occur during flight time or in minor accidents.
30 seats or more + an approved emergency medical kit
[AAC] All aircraft intended to be operated at altitudes requiring the use of supplemental oxygen shall be equipped with ____________________ and ____________________________.
adequate oxygen storage + dispensing apparatus
[AAC] No person may operate an airplane with a MTOW exceeding 5,700 kg or having a maximum approved seating configuration of more than 19 seats unless:
It has PBE to protect the _____________________ while on flight deck duty and to provide oxygen for a period of ________________________.
It has sufficient portable PBE to protect the eyes, nose, and mouth of all cabin crew members and to provide breathing gas for a period of not less than 15 minutes.
eyes, nose and mouth of each flight crew member + not less than 15 minutes
[AAC] No person may operate an airplane with a MTOW exceeding 5,700 kg or having a maximum approved seating configuration of more than 19 seats unless:
It has sufficient portable PBE to protect the _________________________ and to provide breathing gas for a period of _______________.
eyes, nose, and mouth of all cabin crew members + not less than 15 minutes
[AOC] No AOC holder may conduct a passenger carrying operation in a pressurized aircraft at altitudes above 25,000 feet, when a cabin crew member is required to be carried, unless it is equipped with;
______________________ for passengers who may require oxygen following a cabin depressurization
A sufficient number of dispensing units, ____________________, with a means for cabin crew to use the supply.
undiluted first-aid oxygen + no less than two
How many megaphones are required on airplanes with a seating capacity of more than 60 and less than 100 passengers?
one
How many megaphones are required on airplanes with a seating capacity of more than 99 passengers?
two
[AAC] Shall carry one life jacket for each person on board:
When flying en-route over water beyond ____________ from the shore
gliding distance
[AAC] Shall carry one life jacket for each person on board:
When flying over water at a distance of __________________ away from the shore for aircraft capable of maintaining safe altitude after the failure of ___________ for 2-engine aircraft and the failure of _____________ for 4-engine aircraft.
more than 93 km (50 NM) + 1 engine + 2 engines
[AAC] Shall carry one life jacket for each person on board:
When taking off or landing at an aerodrome where takeoff or approach path is ___________________ that in the event of a mishap there would be the ____________________.
so disposed over water + likelihood of a ditching
What does PBE mean?
Protective Breathing Equipment
[AAC] Each aircraft used in passenger carrying operations shall be equipped with the following seats, safety belts, and shoulder harnesses
(1) A seat with safety belt for each person on board over the age of ________________; and a restraining belt for each _____________ the aircraft.
two (2) years old + berth on board
[AAC] Each aircraft used in passenger carrying operations shall be equipped with the following seats, safety belts, and shoulder harnesses
(2) A safety harness for each _____________________ seat.
flight crew member
[AAC] Each aircraft used in passenger carrying operations shall be equipped with the following seats, safety belts, and shoulder harnesses
(3) A forward or rearward facing (within _______________ of the airplane) seat equipped with a safety harness for each __________________ in the passenger compartment.
15 degrees of the longitudinal axis + cabin crew member station
[AAC] Each aircraft used in passenger carrying operations shall be equipped with the following seats, safety belts, and shoulder harnesses
(4) The cabin crew member’s seats shall be located near ______________ for emergency evacuation
floor level and other emergency exits
[AOC] All aircraft which are equipped with a flight crew compartment door shall be capable of ___________, and means shall be provided by which cabin crew can ____________________ in the event of suspicious activity or security breaches in the cabin.
being locked + discreetly notify the flight crew
At least one passenger information sign (using either letters or symbols) notifying when _____________ and one sign (using either letters or symbols) notifying when ________________ shall, when illuminated, be ______________________ under all probable conditions of cabin illumination.
smoking is prohibited + safety belts should be fastened + legible to each person seated in the passenger cabin
A sign or placard in each lavatory that reads: _________________________.
“Philippine law provides for a penalty for tampering with the smoke detector installed in this lavatory”
[AOC] No AOC holder may operate a passenger carrying airplane with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of _____________ unless a public address system is installed.
more than 19
All materials used for overhaul or refurbishing of aircraft cabin must ___________________________.
meet the requirements for the Authority
Seat cushions shall meet requirements pertaining to ________________ as specified by the Authority.
fire protection
[AOC] No AOC holder may operate a transport category aircraft equipped with a flight instrument pitot heating system unless the aircraft is also equipped with _________________________ that complies with the following requirements:
(1) The indication provided shall incorporate an __________________________ of a flight crew member.
(2) The indication provided shall be designed to alert the flight crew if either the pitot heating system is __________________ or the pitot heating system is _____________________ and any pitot tube heating element is ______________.
an operable pitot heat indication system + amber light that is in clear view + switched “off,” + switched “on” + inoperative
[AOC] No person may operate an aircraft unless two independent static pressure systems, _____________________ so that they will be least affected by airflow variation or moisture or other foreign matter, and installed so as to be ________ except for the vent.
vented to the outside atmospheric pressure + airtight
[AOC] Must be equipped at __________________ with a windshield wiper or equivalent means to maintain __________________ during precipitation.
each pilot station + a clear portion of the windshield
[AOC] No AOC holder may operate an aircraft unless a chart holder is installed in an _____________________ for night operations.
easily readable position which can be illuminated
[AAC] All seaplanes for all flights shall be equipped with equipment for making the sound signals prescribed in the _________________________, where applicable.
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea
[AAC] All seaplanes for all flights shall be equipped with ____________, and ___________________, when necessary to assist in maneuvering (approval for the anchors not required).
one anchor + one sea anchor (drogue)
PCAR Part 8
Operations
CAR Part 8 prescribes the requirements for:
Operations conducted by ____________________________ while operating aircraft registered in Republic of the Philippines.
Operations of ____________________ by Republic of the Philippines Operators.
Operations of aircraft within Republic of the Philippines by _________________________.
airman certified in Republic of the Philippines + foreign registered aircraft + airman or Operators of a foreign State
No person may operate a Republic of the Philippines-registered aircraft unless ____________________________.
it displays the proper markings prescribed in Part 4
No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is _______________________.
in an airworthy condition
No person may operate an aircraft with _________________ except as provided in the limitations issued with that certificate.
a special airworthiness certificate
No person may operate an aircraft unless it is equipped with the ____________________ appropriate to type of flight operation conducted and the route being flown.
required instruments and navigation equipment
No person may take-off an aircraft with _____________ instruments or equipment installed, except as authorized by the Authority.
inoperative
The approved Minimum Equipment List must be _____________________ with the limitations.
prepared in accordance
The approved Minimum Equipment List must _______________________ of the aircraft.
provide for the operation
The approved Minimum Equipment List must have records identifying the _____________________________, and must be available to the pilot.
inoperative instruments and equipment
The aircraft is operated under all applicable ____________ and _____________ contained in MEL.
conditions + limitations
No person may operate a RP-registered civil aircraft unless there is available in the aircraft:
A current, approved _____________________ or _____________________.
AFM (Airplane Flight Manual) + RFM (Rotorcraft Flight Manual)
No person may operate a RP-registered civil aircraft unless there is available in the aircraft:
___________________ approved by the Authority.
AOM (Aircraft Operating Manual)
No person may operate a RP-registered civil aircraft unless there is available in the aircraft:
If no AFM or RFM exists, _____________________________, which provide the PIC with the necessary limitations.
approved manual material, markings and placards, or any combination thereof
A document specific to each aircraft model certified by aviation authorities. It contains detailed information about the aircraft’s operating limitations, performance data, systems descriptions, and procedures necessary for safe flight and operation.
Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM)
The AFM is _______________ to be on board the aircraft at all times and must be ___________________ to the flight crew.
legally required + readily accessible
An airline-specific manual that outlines the policies, procedures, and guidelines for the operation of an airline’s fleet.
Aircraft Operations Manual (AOM)
Pilots refer to the AFM for crucial information such as _____________________________.
takeoff and landing distances, weight and balance limits, emergency procedures, and various aircraft performance charts
It provides standardized procedures for flight crew members, ground crew, and other personnel involved in the operation of the aircraft.
Aircraft Operations Manual (AOM)