pc term 3 Flashcards by joanna chen

turn urine brown

metron

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treat protozoans

metron

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crystaluria

sulfonamides

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contraindications of sulfonamides

cross placenta

- secrete into breast milk

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Roa of gentamicin

aminoglycoside, no oral

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gentamicin excretion

renal, unchanged. not mobilised by liver

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pen G (benpen) bacteriostatic or bactericidal

all pens (and all BL) are bactericidal

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pen G roa

IV or IM

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adr of pens

hypersensi, can be fatal, can occur w all pens, due to bd pdt of pens. type B adr

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treat pseudomonas

piperacillin
imipenem cilastatin 
gentamicin 
amikacin
tobramicin

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benpen clearance

all BL cleared renally except for ceftriazone

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cotrimoxazole roa

oral /iv

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doxycycline roa

oral

tetracyclines often prescribed in dental -> must be an oral drug

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doxycycline clearance

bile clearance

mino and tetra are both renal

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doxycycline contraindication

teeth discolouration, not for pregnancy

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erythromycin clearance

renal and bile

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penicillin alternatives

macrolides, clindamycin

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aminoglycosides contraindication

do not mix w pens/ceph
oto
nephro

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aminoglycosides excretion

renal, unchanged

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aminoglycosides roa

Anything but oral

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tetracyclines contraindications

chelates
do not mix w pens
not for pregnant

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bactericidal drugs

BL, AG, FQ

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drugs that chelates

tetrcyclines, FQ

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ddi for metron

warfarin

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contraindications of metron

reversible mild leukopenia

ways of ab resistance

- increase export of AB by efflux pumps - Microbial enzymes can destroy antibiotic - Alterations of stuff that prevents prodrug transformation - Alteration of target proteins - Dvlp of alt pathways to those that AM inhibit

tx klebsiella

*Gen 3/4 ceph FQ Carbapenems

cannot be taken w pens

AG, carbapenems, tetra

tx meningococcal

benpen cloxacillin Minocyclin

liver problem in g6pd deficiency

sulfonamides

metron tx what kind of bacteria

obligate anaerobes

metron reaction w alcohol

disulfiram like fx

most commonly used fq

cipro

fq adr

``` tendinitis no pregnant potentiate warfarin chelates photo ```

fq tx gram + or gram -

gram -

can enter csf

pens, gen 3/4 ceph, FSI

cyp 450 inhibs

clari ery itraconazole ritonavir

penG in acidic envt

not stable in stomach acid

50s inhibs

macrolides clindamycin linezolid

30s inhib

tetracyclines glyglycycline AG

amphotericin b moa

bind to ergosterol in plasma membrane to form pores to disrupt membrane function

drugs for systemic fungal infection

amphoB 5FC echinocandins triazoles

drugs for local fungal infection

imidazoles nystatin squalene expoxidase inhib

which tetra safe to use in renal failure

doxy bc its bile clearance

gentamicin contraindication

low TI | not for pregnant

nystatin moa

similar to amphoB, bind to cm and form pores

sulfonamides adr

crystaluria. hydrate well + alkaline to prevent

tx MRSA

``` Cotrimoxazole Doxycycline Minocycline Tigecycline Clindamycin Linezolid ```

metron moa

forms cytotoxic free radicals that result in protein and DNA damage

broad spectrums

``` ampi, amox, piper meropenem, FQ cotri tetras AG azith ```

time dependent killing

drug administered frequently to prolong time that drug > MIC

conc dependent killing

high dose, less frequent intervals

tenofovir contraindications

not for osteporosis bc decreases bone mineral density

drugs that causes bone marrow suppression

linezolid amphoB 5FC

type b adr examples

rash, sjs

3 imidazoles

clotrim, micon, metron

tx for perio infections

amox, metron, azithro, tetra (rare)

lipid formulation of amphoB

reduce infusion toxicity

pep tx

2 NRTIs + 1 integrase inhib

PEP

within 72h for 28 days

tx for traveller's diarrhoea

cipro (FQ)

clavulanic acid

tgt w amox to form augmentin | penicillinase inhib

erythromycin

gastic discomfort

antivirals roa

mostly oral

lamivudine cannot mix w

emtricitabine

tigecycline roa

acyclovir most fxtive against what

HSV

acyclovir clearance

renal

linezolid roa

oral

post microbial fx

suppression of microbial growth even after conc < MIC

factors affecting csf penetration

lipid solubility presence of meningitis molecular weight protein binding

imipenem cilastatin roa

iv (carbapenems are all iv drugs)

purpose of AB prophylaxis

for procedures where there is a risk of bacteria entering bloodstream esp if susceptible to infective endocarditis

eryhtromycin contraindication

food affects | abs delayed by cations

cryptococcal meningitis

5fc (always used w amphoB)

most toxic nrti

abacavir cause rash fever respi prob

acyclovir moa

inhib viral dna polymerase

fq moa

smt abt topoisomerase / dna gyrase

metron liver metab

active metabolites

h pylori

metronidazole

do NRTI cross csf

acyclovir bioavail

v low, 20% only

acyclovir active against what

HSV HBV VZV

ceph moa

affect transglycosylase

enzyme inducers

phenobarbitone carbamazepine phenytoin