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pc term 3 Flashcards

1
Q

turn urine brown

A

metron

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2
Q

treat protozoans

A

metron

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3
Q

crystaluria

A

sulfonamides

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4
Q

contraindications of sulfonamides

A
  • cross placenta

- secrete into breast milk

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5
Q

Roa of gentamicin

A
  • aminoglycoside, no oral
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6
Q

gentamicin excretion

A

renal, unchanged. not mobilised by liver

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7
Q

pen G (benpen) bacteriostatic or bactericidal

A

all pens (and all BL) are bactericidal

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8
Q

pen G roa

A

IV or IM

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9
Q

adr of pens

A

hypersensi, can be fatal, can occur w all pens, due to bd pdt of pens. type B adr

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10
Q

treat pseudomonas

A 
piperacillin
imipenem cilastatin 
gentamicin 
amikacin
tobramicin
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11
Q

benpen clearance

A

all BL cleared renally except for ceftriazone

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12
Q

cotrimoxazole roa

A

oral /iv

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13
Q

doxycycline roa

A

oral

tetracyclines often prescribed in dental -> must be an oral drug

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14
Q

doxycycline clearance

A

bile clearance

mino and tetra are both renal

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15
Q

doxycycline contraindication

A

teeth discolouration, not for pregnancy

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16
Q

erythromycin clearance

A

renal and bile

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17
Q

penicillin alternatives

A

macrolides, clindamycin

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18
Q

aminoglycosides contraindication

A

do not mix w pens/ceph
oto
nephro

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19
Q

aminoglycosides excretion

A

renal, unchanged

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20
Q

aminoglycosides roa

A

Anything but oral

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21
Q

tetracyclines contraindications

A

chelates
do not mix w pens
not for pregnant

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22
Q

bactericidal drugs

A

BL, AG, FQ

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23
Q

drugs that chelates

A

tetrcyclines, FQ

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24
Q

ddi for metron

A

warfarin

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25
Q

contraindications of metron

A

reversible mild leukopenia

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26
Q

ways of ab resistance

A
  • increase export of AB by efflux pumps
  • Microbial enzymes can destroy antibiotic
  • Alterations of stuff that prevents prodrug transformation
  • Alteration of target proteins
  • Dvlp of alt pathways to those that AM inhibit
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27
Q

tx klebsiella

A

*Gen 3/4 ceph
FQ
Carbapenems

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28
Q

cannot be taken w pens

A

AG, carbapenems, tetra

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29
Q

tx meningococcal

A

benpen
cloxacillin
Minocyclin

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30
Q

liver problem in g6pd deficiency

A

sulfonamides

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31
Q

metron tx what kind of bacteria

A

obligate anaerobes

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32
Q

metron reaction w alcohol

A

disulfiram like fx

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33
Q

most commonly used fq

A

cipro

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34
Q

fq adr

A 
tendinitis 
no pregnant 
potentiate warfarin 
chelates 
photo
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35
Q

fq tx gram + or gram -

A

gram -

36
Q

can enter csf

A

pens, gen 3/4 ceph, FSI

37
Q

cyp 450 inhibs

A

clari ery
itraconazole
ritonavir

38
Q

penG in acidic envt

A

not stable in stomach acid

39
Q

50s inhibs

A

macrolides
clindamycin
linezolid

40
Q

30s inhib

A

tetracyclines
glyglycycline
AG

41
Q

amphotericin b moa

A

bind to ergosterol in plasma membrane to form pores to disrupt membrane function

42
Q

drugs for systemic fungal infection

A

amphoB
5FC
echinocandins
triazoles

43
Q

drugs for local fungal infection

A

imidazoles
nystatin
squalene expoxidase inhib

44
Q

which tetra safe to use in renal failure

A

doxy bc its bile clearance

45
Q

gentamicin contraindication

A

low TI

not for pregnant

46
Q

nystatin moa

A

similar to amphoB, bind to cm and form pores

47
Q

sulfonamides adr

A

crystaluria. hydrate well + alkaline to prevent

48
Q

tx MRSA

A 
Cotrimoxazole 
Doxycycline 
Minocycline 
Tigecycline 
Clindamycin 
Linezolid
49
Q

metron moa

A

forms cytotoxic free radicals that result in protein and DNA damage

50
Q

broad spectrums

A 
ampi, amox, piper
meropenem, 
FQ
cotri
tetras
AG
azith
51
Q

time dependent killing

A

drug administered frequently to prolong time that drug > MIC

52
Q

conc dependent killing

A

high dose, less frequent intervals

53
Q

tenofovir contraindications

A

not for osteporosis bc decreases bone mineral density

54
Q

drugs that causes bone marrow suppression

A

linezolid
amphoB
5FC

55
Q

type b adr examples

A

rash, sjs

56
Q

3 imidazoles

A

clotrim, micon, metron

57
Q

tx for perio infections

A

amox, metron, azithro, tetra (rare)

58
Q

lipid formulation of amphoB

A

reduce infusion toxicity

59
Q

pep tx

A

2 NRTIs + 1 integrase inhib

60
Q

PEP

A

within 72h for 28 days

61
Q

tx for traveller’s diarrhoea

A

cipro (FQ)

62
Q

clavulanic acid

A

tgt w amox to form augmentin

penicillinase inhib

63
Q

erythromycin

A

gastic discomfort

64
Q

antivirals roa

A

mostly oral

65
Q

lamivudine cannot mix w

A

emtricitabine

66
Q

tigecycline roa

A

iv

67
Q

acyclovir most fxtive against what

A

HSV

68
Q

acyclovir clearance

A

renal

69
Q

linezolid roa

A

oral

70
Q

post microbial fx

A

suppression of microbial growth even after conc < MIC

71
Q

factors affecting csf penetration

A

lipid solubility
presence of meningitis
molecular weight protein binding

72
Q

imipenem cilastatin roa

A

iv (carbapenems are all iv drugs)

73
Q

purpose of AB prophylaxis

A

for procedures where there is a risk of bacteria entering bloodstream esp if susceptible to infective endocarditis

74
Q

eryhtromycin contraindication

A

food affects

abs delayed by cations

75
Q

cryptococcal meningitis

A

5fc (always used w amphoB)

76
Q

most toxic nrti

A

abacavir cause rash fever respi prob

77
Q

acyclovir moa

A

inhib viral dna polymerase

78
Q

fq moa

A

smt abt topoisomerase / dna gyrase

79
Q

metron liver metab

A

active metabolites

80
Q

h pylori

A

metronidazole

81
Q

do NRTI cross csf

A

no

82
Q

acyclovir bioavail

A

v low, 20% only

83
Q

acyclovir active against what

A

HSV HBV VZV

84
Q

ceph moa

A

affect transglycosylase

85
Q

enzyme inducers

A

phenobarbitone
carbamazepine
phenytoin

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