PC 210

Question 1

What are the 10 Principles of War?

Answer 1

Selection and maintenance of the aim
Maintenance of morale
Offensive action
Security
Surprise

SMOSS
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Flexibility
Economy of effort
Concentration of force
Cooperation
Administration

FECCA

Question 2

Which Principle of War is the most important?

Answer 2

Selection and maintenance of the aim

Question 3

Which Principle of War is closely associated with the principle “concentration of force”?

Answer 3

Economy of effort

Question 4

Which 6 factors produce the principle of surprise?

Answer 4

Audacity
Secrecy
Speed
Originality
Intelligence
Deception

ASSOID

Question 5

What are the 4 distinct, but related planning levels?

Answer 5

Government policy
Operational
Strategic
Tactical

GOST

Question 6

The planning process consists of 5 stages, what are they?

Answer 6

Initiation
Orientation
Course of Action (COA) Development
Plan Development
Plan Review

Question 7

What is Battle Procedure (BP)?

Answer 7

Battle procedure is the process by which a comd receives his orders, makes his recce and plan, prepares and issues orders, and prepares and deploys his troops for battle.

Question 8

What is the aim of BP?

Answer 8

To ensure a soldier is launched into battle knowing exactly what they have to do and how to do it.

Question 9

What is the most important step in BP?

Answer 9

Step 12 – Prepare and issue orders

Question 10

What must be in the Step 4 - Mission Analysis?

🛑🛑🛑

Answer 10

Superior Comd’s Intent (2up)
Comd’s Concept of Ops (1up)
Tasks (Assigned and Implied)
Freedoms and Constraints
Has situation changed
Mission statement

Question 11

In step 15 – execute the mission, what are you responsible for?

Answer 11

You are responsible to complete your mission in keeping with your comd’s intent and the desired end state.

Question 12

How much time should a comd take before H hour to prepare and issue orders?

Answer 12

No more than 1/3 of the time

Question 13

Who participates in the Pl Comd’s O Gp?

Answer 13

Pl comd
Pl 2IC
Sect comd’s

Pl weapons detach comd (if necessary)
Support weapons detachment comd (if attached)
Communicator (will provide protection)
Runner (will provide protection)

Question 14

What are the 16 steps of BP in sequence?

🛑🛑🛑

Answer 14

1) Receive warning order
2) Quick map study and time estimate
3) Receive orders
4) Mission analysis
5) Initial warning order
6) Detailed time estimate
7) Map study and prepare an outline
8) Prepare a recce plan
9) Conduct recce
10) Complete estimate
11) Issue supplementary warning order
12) Prepare and issue orders
13) Coordinate activities (rehearsals, inspections, coordinate with subordinates)
14) Supervise deployment
15) Execute mission
16) Conduct AAR

Question 15

What is the sequence for an estimate?

Answer 15

Mission analysis
Identify and consider the relevant factors
Consider courses open
Select best COA and translate into a plan

MICS

Question 16

What does COPPED stand for?

🛑🛑🛑

Answer 16

Cover
Obstacles
Positions of Fire
Positions of Observations
Enemy
Distance

COPPED

Question 17

When doing a military estimate, what factors should be considered?

Answer 17

The enemy
Friendly (own forces)
Ground and approaches
Resources
Time and Space

Question 18

When studying courses of action, what is considered for each?

Answer 18

Advantages
Disadvantages
Estimated risks

Question 19

4 types of orders a leader may use?

Answer 19

Direct
Implied
Request
Call for volunteers

Question 20

Verbal orders may be used in what 4 circumstances?

Answer 20

Local emergency
Local minor details
Clarifying a written order
Routine matters

Question 21

What are 2 methods of delivering orders?

Answer 21

Written and oral

Question 22

Why are orders given to subordinates?

Answer 22

To ensure troops clearly know what they should or shouldn’t do and know exactly what is expected.

Question 23

What are 5 examples of combat orders?

Answer 23

Warning order (Wng O)
Operation order (Op O)
Fragmentary order (Frag O)
Administrative/Logisitic order (Admin/Log O)
Movement order (Mov O)

Question 24

What is the purpose of an Op O (Operation Order)?

Answer 24

The purpose of Op O is to give subordinate comd’s essential direction to plan and execute ops.

Question 25

What are the advantages of giving oral orders?

Answer 25

• Saves time
• Gives the comd an opportunity to impress upon subordinates his intent and priorities, and to ensure their full cooperation
• Allows examination of any portion of the order requiring clarification or amplification by the comd with the subordinates who must execute it

Question 26

What are 4 ways a comd’s oral orders may be delivered to subordinate comd’s?

Answer 26

• At an orders group
• By visit
• By radio, telephone or video-teleconference
• By a liaison officer specially authorized by the comd to verbally deliver the comd’s order to subordinate comd’s

Question 27

The Op O can be broken down into 5 major headings, what are they?

Answer 27

Situation
Mission
Execution
Service and Support
Command and Signals

SMESC

Question 28

What is an AAR?

Answer 28

An AAR (After Action Review) is a professional discussion of a training or operational event which focuses on what happened, why it happened and how to improve.

Question 29

When should the AAR take place?

Answer 29

AAR’s should take place during and immediately after:
* Any major activity such as an attack during a training exercise
* A patrol during an operation in Canada or some other part of the world
* A day-to-day activity such as setting-up and conducting a sporting event

Question 30

Who is responsible to conduct AAR?

Answer 30

Leaders of any rank may be called upon to conduct an AAR. Ideally an observer, who had ample time to observe and provide feedback on what happened, would be available to help facilitate the discussion.

Question 31

Why must we conduct AAR?

Answer 31

Practice provides experience, but does not necessarily enable learning and improvement. Soldiers and teams require feedback and time to discuss and reflect upon feedback in order to learn and improve performance.

AAR provides a venue in which soldiers can receive and provide feedback, reflect upon it and develop methods to sustain and improve performance.

Question 32

What 4 key elements shape the AAR process?

Answer 32

Timely feedback
Active participation
Focussed discussion
Follow-up

Question 33

What is Active Participation?

Answer 33

Active participation (AAR process) can be achieved by encouraging all soldiers involved in the activity to talk about what happened, why it happened and how to improve.

Question 34

With AAR, what are 3 topics on a completed list?

Answer 34

• Performance that needs to be improved and sustained
• Recommendations on how to do so
• Who is responsible to implement the solutions

Question 35

What are the key definitions in the LL process?

Answer 35

Lesson Identified
Lesson Learned
AAR
Best Practice
Observations

Question 36

Name 3 report types that could result from an LL?

Answer 36

Post-exercise report (PXR)
Post-operation report (POR) or post-deployment report (PDR)
First impression report (FIR)

Question 37

Who has overall authority for the approval of pan-CAF/pan-DND LL policy and doctrine?

Answer 37

Comd CJOC

Question 38

Who is responsible for the administration of the DND/CAF LL program?

Answer 38

Comd CFWC

Question 39

Name the 3 EC LL organizations?

Answer 39

1. Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF)
   The Canadian Forces Aerospace Warfare Centre (CFAWC) Analysis and Lessons Learned (A&LL) Branch
2. Royal Canadian Navy (RCN)
   The Canadian Forces Maritime Warfare Centre (CFMWC)
3. Canadian Army (CA)
   The Army Lessons Learned Centre