PBL2 - Poor Intrauterine Growth Flashcards
IUGR causes (5)
Pre-eclampsia Congenital abnormalities Chromosomal abnormalities Infections Placental insufficiency
Infections which cause IUGR (4)
Rubella, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, syphilis
IUGR risk factors (5)
Alcohol abuse Clotting disorders Drug addiction Hypertension Kidney disease
IUGR increases the risk of (5)
Intrapartum feral distress Intrapartum asphyxia Postnatal hypoglycaemia Impaired neuronDevlopement Intrauetine death
IUGR (2)
Small for gestational age
At birth weighs less that the tenth percentile for appropriate gestational age
Fundal height
Height between symphysis pubis and the fundus +/- 2cm
Biparietal diameter (3)
From beginning of the foetal skull to the inside aspect of the distal foetal skull (outer to inner)
Measured at the level of the Cavum septum pelucidum
Use ultrasound
Work out the foetal weight you use: (4)
Biparietal diameter, head circumference, trans-abdominal circumference, femur length
Biparietal diameter can reveal two types of growth retardation
When it suddenly decreases
When it’s always been at a lower age
Abdominal circumference is a better index of fatal nutrition than biparietal diameter as…
In last weeks liver grows faster than the head
Diagnose IUGR with (2)
Abdominal circumference,
Head circumference
Symmetrical IUGR
Head circumference and abdominal circumference equally reduced
Asymmetrical IUGR
Head circumference preserved at expense of liver (abdominal circumference)
Due to placental insufficiency - chronic hypoxia
Foetal assessments: (4)
Fetal movements
Antepartum cardiotocography (CTG)
Foetal breathing movements
Doppler blood flow studies of unbiblical and foetal cerebral arteries
Before early delivery give mother an injection of …
Glucocorticoid injections - enhances foetal lung maturity - stimulate surfactant production
Protects the foetus from intracranial haemorrhage and necrotising enterocolitis
