PBL Learning Areas

Question 1

Down’s Syndrome

Answer 1

A genetic condition caused by trisomy 21.
Signs: Short stature, flat occiput, hypotonia, flat facial features, small eyes and head, global development delay, higher frequency of congenital (e.g. heart defects) and acquired diseases, feeding difficulty

Question 2

Iron deficiency anaemia

Answer 2

Microcytic, hypochromic RBCs

Question 3

Varicose veins

Answer 3

Subcutaneous permanently dilated tortuous veins.
Symptoms: Lower extremity pain, fatigue, itching/heaviness that is often worse with pro-longed standing
Risk factors: Increased age, female, family history, increasing number of births
Treatment: Compression stockings, phlebectomy

Question 4

Intermittent Claudication

Answer 4

Experienced in PAD/PVD.
Normally experienced as pain in the back of the lower limb, that subsides with rest. Resultant of decreased blood flow, leading to ischaemia.

Question 5

Post mortem: When required

Answer 5

Requested by a coroner: If unexpected, violent cause, resultant of an accident, occurred during a medical procedure, the cause of death is unknown
Requested by a doctor: To allow more about the illness/cause of death or for medical research