PBL III: Splenectomy Flashcards
Is Lispro fast or slow acting insulin? What is onset, peak and time for it to become inactive?
Fast
Taken at mealtime it has an onset of 10 min, peak in 1-2 hours and is inactive in 4-6 hours
What is the onset, peak, and inactive time of humalog?
ONset 30 min-1 hour, peak 2-4 hour and inactive in 4-10 hours
Humalog better covers patient meals since blood sugar increases for 2-3 hours after meal time
What are the protocol for IV infusion of insulin.
Where do you start the infusion? HOw often do you check? How often once stable?
Start at .5-1 unit/hour. Check at least hourly until stable, and q2hour once stable. Titrate as follows 70) 70-120 Decrease .3 U/hour 121-180 No change 181-240 Increase 0.3 U/hour 241-300 Increase 0.6 U/hour >300 Increase 1.0 U/hour
What class of drug is omeprazole? What effect does it have?
Proton pump inhibitor
Requires H+ for activation so may be considered a prodrug
Reduces gastric acid secretions and decreases daily H+ production by 80-95%
Used for GERD and ulcers
Carvedilol is a beta receptor antagonist. Does it have any alpha activity? What are the indications?
Indicated for HTN and heart failure, Cavedilol has 1:10 Alpha to beta activity
What is portal vein thrombosis?
Obstruction due to a clot or narrowing of the portal vein which brings blood to the liver from the intestines.
Because of the blocked or narrowed portal vein, pressure in the portal vein increases, which is referred to as portal hypertension.
What are results of portal HTN?
Spenomegaly Esophageal Varices (dilated esophageal veins prone to bleeding)
What are the causes of portal HTN?
HOw is it diagnosed?
25% of adults with Hcirrhosis have portal HTN
Diagnosis 1. Doppler ultrasonography
2. Bleeding of esophageal or gastric varices
1. Sphenomegaly
How does splenomegaly affect platelets?
The spleen usually holds 1/3 of platelets, but with splenomegaly, this pool may icrease to 80%, decreasing the available circulating pool–thrombocytopenia
Splenctomy has been shown to be effecting in restoring platelet levels
How do esophageal varices affect cirrhosis related deaths? What is a short term bridge to liver transplant?
Bleeding of esophageal varices accounts for 1/3 of the cirrhosis- related deaths.
Lowering of the pressure in the portal vein by shunting the flow into the systemic venous circulation, (TIPPSS procedure) is used as a bridge to liver transplant.
What is fundoplications?
Surgical procedure used of the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and or a hiatal hernia.
The upper curve of the stomach (the fundus) is wrapped around the esophagus and sewn into place so that the lower portion of the esophagus passes through a small tunnel of the stomach muscle. This strengthens the lower esophageal sphincter and stops acid from backing up into the esophagus as easily.
This procedure is usually performed laparoscopically or open.
What is the usual tx for Type II diabetes?
Diet, exercise and oral medication
What are the two classes of drugs traditionally used to tx type II diabetes?
Sulfonylureas: Increase insulin release from Beta cells and reduce serum glucagon
Biguanides–reduce hepatic glucose production
What type of drug is metformin (glucophage)? how does it work?
Biguanide–reduces hepatic glucose production
Tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, glyburide and glipizide are all examples of __________. How do they work?
Sulfhonylureas–work by increaseing insulin release from B cells and reducing serum glucagon
