PBL 2 Flashcards
what type of drug is furosemide?
a loop diuretic
what is furosemide’s MOA?
binds to Cl- receptor on Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter in cells of thick ascending loop, causing reduced reabsorption of Na+ so more urine is excreted
what are the indications of furosemide?
treatment of fluid retention in association with heart failure, liver cirrhosis and kidney disease
how fast do loop diuretics work?
they start to work within 1 hour and complete diuresis within 6
what are side effects of furosemide?
urnating more, thirsty, dry mouth, headaches, confusion, dizziness, muscle cramps, weakness
what are contraindications of furosemide?
hepatic encelopathy, hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, dehydration, hypovolemic patients
what type of drug is spironolactone?
an aldosterone receptor antagonist and a K+ sparing diuretic
what is spironolactone MOA?
competitively binds to aldosterone dependant Na+/K+ exchange sites in DCT causing decreased Na+ absorption and decreased K+ secretion
what are the indications of spironolactone?
hyperaldosteronism, hypokalaemia, heart failure, oedema caused by liver/kidney disease
what are side effects of spironolactone?
drowsiness, dizziness, light headedness, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting headaches
what are contraindications of spironolactone?
anuria, acute renal insufficiency, hypernatraemia, Addisons disease
what’s the MOA of ACEi?
inhibit ACE which inhibits production of angiotensin 2. this inhibits release of aldosterone and inhibits break down of bradykinin. this promotes renal excretion of Na+ and water
what are the indications of ACEi?
hypertension and heart failure
what are the indications of ACEi?
hypertension and heart failure
what are side effects of ACEi?
dry cough, hyperkalaemia, fatigue, dizziness, headache, taste loss
