PBL 2 Flashcards
what type of study is a case-control study?
an analytical observation study
why do we describe a case-control study as retrospective?
because we trace backwards from outcome to exposure
what are some advantages to case-control studies?
they are efficient for diseases with a long latency period
they are less costly
they are less time consuming
they are advantageous for when data is expensive or hard to attain
what are some disadvantages to case-control studies?
they’re prone to selection and recall bias
they are inefficient for examining rare exposures
it may be difficult to establish where the person was actually exposed to the disease
it can be difficult to choose an appropriate control group
how are absolute and relative risk different?
relative risk is where two groups of people are compared, absolute is not about comparing
what is risk difference?
this is the difference between the observed risks. It is calculated by cumulative incidence in exposed group – cumulative incidence in unexposed group
what is a rsik ratio?
the ratio of the risk of an event in 2 groups- it is calculated by cumulative incidence in exposed group / cumulative incidence in unexposed group.
what is an odds ratio?
the ratio of the odds of an event. It is calculated by odds of exposed group / odds of unexposed group
what is Gillick’s competence?
The assessment that doctors could make in regard to whether a child under 16 has the capacity to consent to treatment without parental or guardian consent.
They are not able to refuse treatment however.
what are Fraser guidelines?
The young person understands the advice being given.
The young person cannot be convinced to involve parents/carers or allow the medical practitioner to do so on their behalf.
It is likely that the young person will begin or continue having intercourse with or without treatment/contraception.
Unless he or she receives treatment/contraception their physical and/or mental health is likely to suffer.
The young person’s best interests require contraceptive advice, treatment or supplies to be given without parental consent.
when can confidentiality be broken by a doctor when the patient is a child?
if the child is under 13 or the person they are sleeping with is over 18
