pbio exam 1

Question 1

Rauvolfia Serpentina

Answer 1

Used to treat dimentia in mountains

Question 2

what is ethnobotany?

Answer 2

the studies of plants used by primitive and aboriginal people

Question 3

ecosystem

Answer 3

dynamic complex of a plant, animal, microorganism communities and the non-living environment interacting as a functional unit

Question 4

biodiversity

Answer 4

variability among living things

Question 5

provisioning services

Answer 5

obtained from ecosystems including food and fiber
ex. –> plants as medicine

Question 6

regulating services

Answer 6

benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes including air control, water regulation, erosion control, water purification, regulation of human disease, biological control, pollination and storm protection.

Question 7

cultural services

Answer 7

nonmaterial services obtained from spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation and aesthetic experiences

Question 8

supporting services

Answer 8

those necessary for the production of all other ecosystems.
these occur over a long time or are indirect

Question 9

Richard schultes

Answer 9

ctually used the substances, was in Oklahoma, Mexico, and mainly northwest amazon

Question 10

autotroph

Answer 10

organisms able to harvest the carbon they need directly from inorganic compounds such as O2.

Question 11

phototroph

Answer 11

they use light energy from the sun to break CO2 molecules and make glucose

Question 12

photosynthesis

Answer 12

the process by which photosynthetic organisms use light energy to drive the synthesis or organic (carbon) compounds from CO2.

** 6 CO2 + 12H2O + light energy –> C6H12O6 + 6H2O **

all the reduced carbon is returned to the atmosphere as O2 and the the carbon dioxide is used to form carbs when mixed with water (carbon reduction) (glucose - 6 Carbon sugar)

Question 13

light dependent vs light independent reactions

Answer 13

light dependent happens in the chloroplasts, and results in NADPH.
Light independent involves the NADPH and ATP from the light dependent reaction to form sugar from CO2 with a 5 carbon molecule

Question 14

greenhouse gas

Answer 14

gases that trap heat in atmosphere (CO2, Methane ((H4)), Nitrous Oxide ((N2O)), fluorinated gases)

methane from transport of coal, natural gases, oil, livestock, agricultural practices, landfills
nitrous oxide from fossil fuels

Question 15

carbon sequestration

Answer 15

process of atmospheric CO2 is taken up by trees, grasses, and other plants through photosynthesis and stored as carbon In biomass (trunks, branches, foliage) and soils

Question 16

roots

Answer 16

allow for a plant to absorb the water and nutrients from the soil for use in chemical synthesis

Question 17

root system

Answer 17

• dominant central taproot- root from which secondary roots radiate
• secondary roots- can produce more roots

Question 18

fibrous roots

Answer 18

form when initial root dies and new roots emerge from tissue at the base of the plant
since they come from the stem rather than root tissue, they are adventitious roots

Question 19

shoot system

Answer 19

stem- provides framework and displays flowers
conductive system- carries nutrients and H2O up
leaves- maximizes surface area for photosynthesis and can store water

Question 20

modified leafs

Answer 20

nepenthes lead- pitcher for capturing bugs
thistle leaves- stiff tips to deter deer
citrus leaves- contains puke inducing oils
crassulacae- strores H2O
poinsettas- attract pollinators

Question 21

tubers

Answer 21

spherical underground storage stems

Question 22

rhizomes

Answer 22

swollen underground stems that grow horiz

Question 23

bulb

Answer 23

provides energy for sprouting the next season
- they r stems that creep underground

Question 24

gymnosperms history

Answer 24

pollen grain could travel far in dry climates

Question 25

angiosperm history

Answer 25

known for development of specialized seed that forms inside the ovary of a flower

Question 26

are there more angiosperms or gymnosperms?

Answer 26

angiospemrs

Question 27

what are some angiosperm

Answer 27

all fruits, veggies, and deciduous trees/shrubs are angiosperms

Question 28

what kind of seeds do gymnosperms have?

Answer 28

naked seeds

Question 29

perfect flowers

Answer 29

have both sexes

Question 30

monoecious flowers

Answer 30

separate male and female flowers

Question 31

dioecious flowers

Answer 31

only bear male or female flowers

Question 32

palynology

Answer 32

the study of pollen - used in geology, archaeology, criminology, anthropology, aerobiology, and the study of allergies - can sense in an area is oil rich

Question 33

pollination

Answer 33

transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma

Question 34

fertilization

Answer 34

fusion of male gametes (sperm in pollen) with female gametes

Question 35

plant strategies to attract pollinators

Answer 35

1- bright colors create nectar guides 2- smell

Question 36

5 ways to overcome habitat degradation

Answer 36

1- foraging habitat- ensure sufficient foraging habitat for pollinations/ high value plants 2- reproduction- considerations depend on needs of pollinating species for which land is being managed 4- monitoring/removing invasive species 5- chemical use- use integrated pest management

Question 37

4 ways of dispersal

Answer 37

1) Animals- eat fruit (seeds come out) and track it on feet/stuck in fur 2) water- seeds move downstream 3) wind- blows seeds around 4)ejection- flings own seeds

Question 38

benefits to animal dispersal

Answer 38

spreads seeds, protect seeds

Question 39

african elephant

Answer 39

- furthest seed traveler - their dung rptoecrs it - can keep seeds for 33 hours (3200 seeds a say