PBE Knowledge Organiser Y10 (1) Flashcards
1
Q
Name six events in the Life of the Buddha
A
- Birth 2. The Four Sights 3. Renunciation 4. Enlightenment 5. Teaching the Dhamma 6. Death
2
Q
What were the four sights?
A
- An old man 2. A sick man 3. A dead man 4. A wandering ascetic
3
Q
Give two reasons why the Four Sights were the most important event in the Buddha’s life
A
- They awakened him to the realities of life 2. They motivated him to seek enlightenment
4
Q
How did the Buddha become enlightened?
A
By meditating under the Bodhi tree and realizing the Four Noble Truths
5
Q
Give two reasons why the Buddha’s enlightenment was the most important event in his life
A
- It marked his awakening to the truth of existence 2. It allowed him to teach others the path to liberation
6
Q
How did the Buddha found the sangha?
A
By gathering followers who sought to learn the Dhamma
7
Q
Give two reasons why the founding of the Sangha could be seen as the most important event
A
- It established a community for practicing the teachings 2. It ensured the preservation and dissemination of the Dhamma
8
Q
Give two reasons why the Buddha’s enlightenment might not be seen as that important
A
- Some may argue it was a personal experience 2. Others may prioritize the teachings over the teacher
9
Q
Explain two reasons why the Buddha’s life as an ascetic was important
A
- It demonstrated the importance of self-discipline 2. It led to his understanding of the Middle Way
10
Q
Outline three events in the life of the Buddha
A
- The Four Sights 2. Enlightenment 3. Teaching the Dhamma
11
Q
Give a definition of the dhamma
A
The teachings of the Buddha that explain the nature of reality and the path to liberation
12
Q
Define Paticca-samuppada and explain why it is important
A
It is the principle of dependent origination, explaining how all phenomena arise in dependence on conditions
13
Q
What are the Three Marks of Existence?
A
- Dukkha 2. Anicca 3. Anatta
14
Q
What are the three types of dukkha?
A
- Dukkha-dukkha (suffering) 2. Samkhara-dukkha (suffering from change) 3. Viparinama-dukkha (suffering from attachment)
15
Q
Explain the story of Nagasena and the chariot and how it applies to anatta
A
The story illustrates that just as a chariot is not the sum of its parts, a person is not a permanent self but made up of changing components
16
Q
Give two reasons why dukkha is the most important of the three marks of existence
A
- It highlights the reality of suffering in life 2. It motivates the pursuit of liberation
17
Q
Give two reasons why anicca is the most important of the three marks of existence
A
- It teaches the impermanence of all things 2. It helps to detach from worldly desires
18
Q
Give two reasons why anatta is the most important of the three marks of existence
A
- It challenges the notion of a permanent self 2. It leads to a deeper understanding of interdependence
19
Q
Outline the three marks of existence
A
- Dukkha 2. Anicca 3. Anatta
20
Q
Explain two reasons why dukkha is important to Buddhists
A
- It encourages awareness of suffering 2. It highlights the need for the path to liberation
21
Q
Explain two reasons why anicca is important to Buddhists
A
- It fosters acceptance of change 2. It helps reduce attachment to transient things
22
Q
Explain two reasons why anatta is important to Buddhists
A
- It promotes compassion by recognizing shared existence 2. It reduces ego and self-centeredness
23
Q
What is the first noble truth and what does it mean?
A
Dukkha: the truth of suffering, acknowledging that suffering is an inherent part of life
24
Q
What is the second noble truth and why is it important?
A
Samudaya: the cause of suffering, important for understanding how to eliminate it
25
What is the third noble truth and what does it mean?
Nirodha: the cessation of suffering, signifying that suffering can be ended
26
What is the fourth noble truth and why is it important?
Magga: the path leading to the cessation of suffering, essential for achieving enlightenment
27
Name all eight parts of the Eightfold Path
1. Right Understanding 2. Right Intent 3. Right Speech 4. Right Action 5. Right Livelihood 6. Right Effort 7. Right Mindfulness 8. Right Concentration
28
Outline three parts of the Eightfold Path
1. Right Understanding 2. Right Intent 3. Right Speech
29
What are the three parts of the threefold way?
1. Sila (ethical conduct) 2. Samadhi (mental discipline) 3. Panna (wisdom)
30
Explain why all the parts of the threefold way are equally important
Each part contributes to the overall development of a Buddhist's practice and understanding
31
Explain why one part of the threefold way is more important than the others
Some may argue that Panna (wisdom) is crucial as it informs ethical conduct and mental discipline
32
What is kamma?
The law of moral causation, where actions have consequences
33
Why is the concept of kamma so important?
It shapes ethical behavior and influences future rebirths
34
What is metta?
Loving-kindness, an attitude of goodwill towards all beings
35
What is Karuna?
Compassion, the wish to alleviate the suffering of others
36
What are the five precepts?
1. Do not kill 2. Do not steal 3. Do not engage in sexual misconduct 4. Do not lie 5. Do not consume intoxicants
37
What are the six perfections and which Buddhists follow these?
1. Generosity 2. Morality 3. Patience 4. Effort 5. Concentration 6. Wisdom; followed by Mahayana Buddhists
38
What is the Trinity?
The Christian belief in one God in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit
39
What are the Three elements of the Trinity?
1. The Father 2. The Son 3. The Holy Spirit
40
What is the Nicene Creed?
A formal statement of Christian faith that affirms the doctrine of the Trinity
41
What is salvation?
The deliverance from sin and its consequences, often through faith in Jesus Christ
42
What is atonement?
The reconciliation between God and humanity through the sacrifice of Jesus
43
What does eschatology mean?
The study of last things, including death, judgment, heaven, and hell
44
What are the two types of suffering?
1. Natural suffering 2. Moral suffering
45
Define omnibenevolence
The quality of being all-good, typically attributed to God
46
Define omnipotence
The quality of being all-powerful, typically attributed to God
47
What is the aim of a Theravada Buddhist?
To attain enlightenment and become an Arahant
48
What is sunnata?
Emptiness, a key concept in Mahayana Buddhism emphasizing the lack of inherent existence
49
What is tathagatagarbha?
Buddha-nature, the potential for enlightenment inherent in all beings
50
What do Pure Land Buddhists believe?
In rebirth in the Pure Land through faith in Amitabha Buddha
51
What do Zen Buddhists believe?
In direct experience of enlightenment through meditation and mindfulness
52
What are the five khandas?
1. Form 2. Sensation 3. Perception 4. Mental formations 5. Consciousness
53
Explain the importance of the five khandas.
They illustrate the concept of anatta by showing that the self is a collection of changing processes
54
What does the family serve in Buddhism?
The family serves no purpose in Buddhism.
55
What is the role of the sangha?
The role of the sangha is as a refuge.
56
How does the sangha support families?
Through worship, rites of passage, festivals, and counselling.
57
What are lay people in Buddhism?
Lay people are non-monastic Buddhists who live in the community.
58
What is the Fourfold Sangha?
The Fourfold Sangha consists of monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen.
59
Explain two ways that the sangha helps families.
* Provides spiritual guidance
* Offers community support
60
What is contraception?
Contraception is the prevention of pregnancy.
61
What are the two types of contraception?
* Barrier methods
* Hormonal methods
62
Which type of contraception would Buddhists be more likely to have an issue with and why?
Buddhists may have issues with barrier methods due to concerns about attachment.
63
Explain two Buddhist views in favour of contraception.
* It allows for responsible family planning
* It can prevent suffering for unwanted children
64
Explain two Buddhist views against contraception.
* It interferes with the natural process of life
* It may promote attachment to a specific outcome
65
Explain what utilitarianism would argue about contraception.
Utilitarianism would argue that contraception can lead to greater overall happiness.
66
Explain two reasons why Buddhists accept divorce.
* It can alleviate suffering
* It allows individuals to find peace
67
Explain two Buddhist views against divorce.
* It disrupts family harmony
* It is seen as a failure to uphold commitment
68
Explain one situation where situation ethics would be likely to allow for divorce.
In cases of abuse, where continuing the marriage would cause harm.
69
What is gender equality in Buddhism?
The belief that men and women should have equal roles and opportunities.
70
Explain two Buddhist views in favour of gender equality.
* Both genders can achieve enlightenment
* Women can hold leadership roles in the sangha
71
What were the roles of women like at the time of the Buddha?
Women had limited rights and were often subordinate to men.
72
Explain two Buddhist views that do not support gender equality.
* Men are traditionally seen as spiritual leaders
* Cultural norms may dictate gender roles
73
What does discrimination mean?
Discrimination is the unjust treatment of different categories of people.
74
What does prejudice mean?
Prejudice is a preconceived opinion not based on reason or actual experience.
75
What is a sacrament?
A sacrament is a religious ceremony or act regarded as an outward and visible sign of inward and spiritual divine grace.
76
What two sacraments do the majority of Christians agree on?
* Baptism
* Eucharist
77
Explain the importance of baptism.
Baptism signifies purification and admission to the Christian community.
78
Explain the importance of the Eucharist.
The Eucharist commemorates the Last Supper and the sacrifice of Christ.
79
What is liturgical worship?
Liturgical worship is a formal style of worship involving set prayers and rituals.
80
What are set prayers?
Set prayers are pre-written prayers that are often recited in worship.
81
What is non-liturgical worship?
Non-liturgical worship is informal and may include spontaneous prayers.
82
What is a pilgrimage?
A pilgrimage is a journey to a sacred place for spiritual purposes.
83
What is the Great Commission?
The Great Commission is Jesus' instruction to his disciples to spread the Gospel.
84
What is agape?
Agape is unconditional love that Christians are encouraged to show to others.
85
What does reconciliation mean?
Reconciliation is the restoration of friendly relations after conflict.
86
What is puja?
Puja is a Buddhist act of worship and devotion.
87
What is a vihara?
A vihara is a Buddhist monastery or place of worship.
88
What is a gompa?
A gompa is a Buddhist temple or monastery, often in Tibetan Buddhism.
89
What happens at a Buddhist funeral?
Rituals are performed to honor the deceased and assist their journey after death.
90
What is the significance of Wesak?
Wesak celebrates the birth, enlightenment, and death of the Buddha.
91
What is Parinibbana Day?
Parinibbana Day commemorates the Buddha's passing into Nirvana.
92
What is Vassa/Rain Retreat?
A three-month retreat during the rainy season for monks to meditate and study.
93
What is the purpose of mantra recitation?
Mantra recitation is used for meditation and devotion.
94
What is a buddharupa?
A buddharupa is a representation or image of the Buddha.
95
Explain two reasons why devotional objects are important to Buddhists.
* They serve as reminders of the Buddha's teachings
* They can inspire devotion and focus during meditation
96
What is the purpose behind worship in Mahayana Buddhism?
The purpose is to cultivate compassion and wisdom.
97
Explain two features of the pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
* It is a place of historical significance for Christians
* It offers opportunities for spiritual reflection
98
What is passive resistance?
A nonviolent opposition to authority or an oppressive regime
## Footnote
Often associated with figures like Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr.
99
Give an example of passive resistance and explain it.
Civil disobedience, such as refusing to pay taxes to protest unjust laws
## Footnote
This action demonstrates opposition without violence.
100
Why would Christians agree with passive resistance?
It aligns with teachings of love, forgiveness, and nonviolence
## Footnote
Many Christians believe in following the example of Jesus.
101
True or False: If you are not a pacifist, you are not a Christian.
True
## Footnote
This statement reflects a belief held by some Christian groups regarding the nature of peace.
102
What is Just War Theory?
A doctrine that outlines the conditions under which war can be morally justified
## Footnote
It aims to reconcile the ethics of war with the necessity of armed conflict.
103
What are Christian teachings and responses to the nature, history, and importance of the Just War Theory?
Christians discuss principles of justice, morality, and the sanctity of life
## Footnote
Responses vary widely among different denominations.
104
What are the conditions of the Just War Theory?
Just cause, legitimate authority, right intention, proportionality, last resort, and probability of success
## Footnote
These conditions help determine the morality of engaging in war.
105
What are divergent beliefs about whether a Just War is possible?
Some argue war can be justified under certain conditions, while others believe all war is immoral
## Footnote
This debate often includes perspectives from pacifism and realism.
106
How do ethical theories such as situation ethics apply to Just War?
Situation ethics emphasizes love and the context of actions, suggesting that decisions should be made based on the most loving outcome
## Footnote
This can lead to different conclusions about the morality of war.
107
What does 'just' mean in the context of Just War Theory?
Fair, morally right, or legitimate
## Footnote
The term is central to the discussion of the ethical justification for war.
108
What is a just war?
A war that meets the criteria of Just War Theory
## Footnote
It is considered to be fought for the right reasons and conducted in the right manner.
109
Who came up with the Just War Theory?
St. Augustine and later expanded by St. Thomas Aquinas
## Footnote
Their writings laid the foundation for modern Just War Theory.
110
Name the conditions for Just War.
Just cause, legitimate authority, right intention, proportionality, last resort, and probability of success
## Footnote
These criteria guide moral considerations in warfare.
111
Explain two issues with Just War Theory.
1. The difficulty in defining just cause
2. The challenge of maintaining proportionality in modern warfare
## Footnote
These issues can lead to moral dilemmas in actual conflict situations.
112
Explain two reasons to agree with Just War Theory.
1. Provides a framework for moral reasoning about war
2. Acknowledges the complexities of human conflict
## Footnote
Supporters argue it helps prevent arbitrary violence.
113
Explain the view of situation ethics on Just War.
Situation ethics may argue that a war could be justified if it leads to the most loving outcome
## Footnote
This perspective can challenge traditional Just War criteria.
114
Fill in the blank: A just war is a _______ as a war cannot be just.
contradiction
## Footnote
This statement reflects a pacifist viewpoint on the nature of war.
